write the q and your name: outline and evaluate the biological model as an explanation for the...
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Write the Q and your name:Outline and evaluate the biological model as an explanation for the maintenance of oneaddictive behaviour. (4 marks + 4 marks)
Put your images on the desk!
Understand how the Learning Approach: explains Initiation, Maintenance and Relapse
Learn some supporting studies
Evaluate the Theory using:Situational vs DispositionalType of data (qualitative/quantitative)Applications?Nature vs NurtureDeterminism vs Free WillEthnocentric biasReductionism vs HolismScientific?
Learning Approach: Explaining Initiation, Maintenance and Relapse
It’s all a
bout
punishment a
nd
reward!Operant ConditioningInitial Rewards: behaviour is repeated
Rewards are continuous: behaviour is repeated = maintenance
Relapse occurs when an associated equipment, person or environment is experienced again
Continuous and Intermittent Rewards
How does this link to Gambling?
Classical Conditioning
Hand out
Supporting Studies
Carter and Tiffany (1999)Addicts react to things associated with their addiction in similar way to actual addiction itself.
SMOKING CUES: matches, lighters, cigarette boxes, ashtrays.
GAMBLING CUES: betting slips/shops, gambling odds in newspapers
These cues elicit conditioned responses even in the absence of the actual smoking or gambling behaviour: Psychological (craving) and Physiological (Sweating, increased heart rate)
The patient stayed in his bedroom (which was dimly lit and contained apparatus necessary for his care), and received injections in this environment. For some reason, after staying in this bedroom for about a month, the patient left his bed and went to the living room (which was brightly lit and different in many ways from the bedroom/sickroom). He was in considerable pain in the living room, and, as it was time for his next scheduled morphine administration, he was administered his usual dose of the drug. The patient quickly displayed signs of opiate overdose (constricted pupils, shallow breathing), and died a few hours later. (p. 510). (Siegal, 2001)
Siegal’s explanation…
Siegal et al (1982) Injected rats with heroin every other day
for 30 days
They increased the dose gradually over time so that the rats eventually could tolerate high doses.
Group 1. Received injections in Room 1
Group 2. Received injections in Room 2
After 30 days; rats were given a very large dose of heroin, twice as much as they had ever received before.
Different condition: 64% died
Same condition: 32% died.
The environmental stimuli in which drug addicts usually take the drug serve as a CS that produces a CR that increases tolerance for the drug’s effects.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xs4F28jsvuA
What does Brian ‘blame’ for his addiction?
How does the army link to his drinking problem?
How was his peer group to blame?
What was the resolution to his addiction?
How do all the aspects of his addiction provide evidence for SLT as a cause of addiction?
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