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AQUEDUCTAQUEDUCTWRI’S GLOBAL WATER RISK MAPPING TOOLWRI’S GLOBAL WATER RISK MAPPING TOOL
A GLOBAL WATER RISK MAPPING TOOL
ZOOM IN FOR MORE DETAIL – 15,000 CATCHMENTS
AQUEDUCT ALLIANCE
AQUEDUCT WATER RISK FRAMEWORK
Regulatory &
reputational risks
� Baseline water stress
Physical risk: QUANTITY Physical risk: QUALITY
Overall Water Risk
� Inter-annual variability
� Seasonal variability
� Flood occurrence
� Drought severity
� Upstream storage
� Groundwater stress
� Return flow ratio
� Upstream protected land
� Media coverage
� Access to water
� Threatened amphibians
DATA SELECTION CRITERIA
• Literature review
• Global coverage for comparability
• Publicly available
• Comparative analysis of:
• Granularity, • Granularity,
• Time frame,
• Publication date and source
• Consulted with subject matter experts
EXPERT REVIEWERS
� CDP Water Disclosure Project
� Ceres
� Columbia University
� Deloitte Consulting LLP
� Global Adaptation Institute
� Global Water Strategies
� The World Bank
� US Environmental Protection Agency
� University of Michigan at Ann Arbor
� University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
� University of Virginia
� Water Footprint Network� Global Water Strategies
� Nanjing University
� National Geographic
� Pacific Institute
� The Nature Conservancy
� Water Footprint Network
� World Business Council for Sustainable
Development
� Yale University
BASELINE WATER STRESStotal annual water withdrawals (municipal, industrial, and agricultural) expressed as a percent of the total annual available flow; higher values indicate more competition among users
Data Sources:Global Drainage Basin Database, National Institute for Environmental Studies of JapanGlobal Land Data Assimilation System 2, NASA Goddard Labs, 1980-2008Water Use by Sector, Food and Agriculture Organization, 2010Consumptive Use Ratios, Shiklamanov and Rodda, 2003
FLOOD OCCURRENCEcount of the number of floods recorded from 1985 to the present date
Data Sources:Global Archive of Large Flood Events, Brakenridge, G., Dartmouth Flood Observatory, 1985-2011
DROUGHT SEVERITYaverage length times dryness of droughts from 1901 to 2008 (drought is defined as a contiguous period where soil moisture remains below the 20th percentile)
Data Sources:Development of a 50-yr high-resolution global dataset of meteorological forcing for land surface modeling, Li H., Sheffield J., and Wood E.F., 1901-2008
GROUNDWATER STRESSthe ratio of groundwater withdrawal relative to the recharge rate to aquifer size; values above one indicate where unsustainable consumption could affect groundwater availability and dependent ecosystems
Data Sources:Water Balance of Global Aquifers Revealed by Groundwater Footprint, Gleeson, T., Wada, Y., Bierkens, M.F.P., and van Beek, L.P.H., 1958-2000
THE POWER OF AGGREGATION
SECTOR SPECIFIC WEIGHTING
Electric power
Semi-conductor
Oil & Gas
Mining
Construction Materials
Textile
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
WRI Default
Agriculture
Food & Beverage
Chemicals
% Quantity % Quality % Reg&Rep
CHALLENGE: RISK TO BUSINESS OPERATIONS
P&G USES AQUEDUCT TO EVALUATE MANUFACTURING FACILITIES
CHALLENGE: SUPPLY CHAIN RISK
Photo: flickr/bigbirdz
McDONALD’S USES AQUEDUCT TO MAP 353 OF ITS LARGEST SUPPLY CHAIN FACILITIES
Challenges to Food Security: 40% of irrigated crops in the United States is
located in areas of water stress concern
USA, Baseline Water Stress in areas with Irrigated Agriculture
USA, Change in Water Stress by 2025 in areas with Irrigated Agriculture(IPCC Scenario A1B)
Challenges to Food Security: 73% of current irrigated crops in the United
States would see water stress grow 2 to 8 times worse by 2025
Southeast Asia, Baseline Water Stress and Power Plants
Challenges to Energy Security: 19% of S&E Asian power plant design
capacity is located in areas of water stress concern
Southeast Asia, Long Term Change in Water Stress and Power Plants (2025, IPCC Scenario A1B)
Challenges to Energy Security: 55% of S&E Asian current power plant
design capacity would see water stress grow 2 to 8 times worse by 2025
THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY
COMING SOON: UPDATED PROJECTIONS
CHANGE IN WATER STRESS: 2025
Data: The Coca-Cola Company
COMING SOON: LIVE SATELLITE DATA
WATER POLICY
Image TBD… suggestions?
COMING SOON: POLICY, LEGAL, & REGULATORY INDICATORS
Photo: flickr/waferboard
CONCLUSION
WRI.org/AqueductWRI.org/Aqueduct
DATA SOURCES: PHYSICAL RISK
Water supply and demand:
• Global Drainage Basin Database, National Institute for Environmental Studies of Japan, polygons
• NASA Global Land Data Assimilation System Version 2 (GLDAS-2), 1979-2009, 1 x 1 degree
• Water Use by Sector, Food and Agriculture Organization, 2010, country
• Consumptive Use Ratios, Shiklamanov and Rodda, 2003, 26 regions
Floods:
• Global Archive of Large Flood Events, Brakenridge, G., Dartmouth Flood Observatory, 1985-2011, polygons
Drought:
• Development of a 50-yr high-resolution global dataset of meteorological forcing for land surface
modeling, Li H., Sheffield J., and Wood E.F., 1901-2008, 1 x 1 degree
Groundwater Stress:
• Water Balance of Global Aquifers Revealed by Groundwater
Footprint, Gleeson, T., Wada, Y., Bierkens, M.F.P., and van Beek, L.P.H., 1958-2000, 50 x 50 km
Dams
• Global Reservoir and Dam Database V1.1, Global Water System Project, 2007, points
Protected areas:
• The World Database on Protected Areas, IUCN, UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 2012, polygons
DATA SOURCES: REGULATORY/REPUTATIONAL RISK
• Google News, 2002-2012
• Proportion of Population Using an Improved Drinking Water
Source , World Health Organization/UNICEF Joint Monitoring
Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation, 2010
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, IUCN, 2011• The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, IUCN, 2011
DISAGGREGATION
Baseline Water Stress
(withdrawal/available flow)
Inter-annual Variability
(standard deviation/mean annual supply)
Seasonal Variability
(standard deviation/mean monthly average supplyaverage supply
Upstream Storage
(upstream storage capacity/mean supply)
Return Flow Ratio
(upstream non-consumptive use / available flow)
Upstream Protected Land
(% total supply originating from protected lands)
HYDROLOGICAL MODELING
Key Data: Total Blue Water (Bt)
Definition: Flow accumulated runoff upstream of the
catchment plus the runoff in the catchment.
Data
Sources:
GDBD basins, NASA GLDAS2 runoff Runoff
Runoff
A
BTotal Blue Water (B) =
Runoff (A) + Runoff (B)
HYDROLOGICAL MODELING
Runoff
Runoff
A
Key Data: Available Blue Water (Ba)
Definition: Total amount of water available to a catchment
before any uses in the catchment are satisfied
and is calculated as runoff plus all water flowing
into the catchment from upstream catchments
minus upstream consumptive use.
Data
Sources:
GDBD basins, NASA GLDAS 2 runoff, UN FAO
water use, Shiklomanov, I.A. and J.C. Rodda
consumptive use ratios
Consumptive Use
B
Available Blue Water (B) =
Runoff (A) – Consumptive Use (A) + Runoff (B)
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