wotd wotd excommunicate: to take away someone's right to be a member of the church....
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WOTD Excommunicate: To take away someone's right
to be a member of the Church.
Warm Up What do you think the word "reformation"
means?
The Reformation
By the early 1500’s Renaissance ideas had caused many Europeans to view their lives with a more critical eye. They thought their lives could change for the better. One area that some people thought needed improvement was religion.
The Catholic Church was the first Christian Church formed.
One person who felt strongly about reform in the church was Martin
Luther. He started what would be known as “The Reformation”.
MARTIN LUTHER???
Where have we heard that name before?
Dr. Martin Luther King
Dr. Martin Luther King
Lived in the 1900’s. Was a minister. Led the Civil Rights Movement in the
1950’s and 1960’s.
WOTD
Salvation – to be saved from sin and its consequences,
WARM UPWhy was Martin Luther so upset with
the Catholic Church?
Back to Martin Luther…
He Decided to Challenge the Church
When I say the Church, I mean the only Christian church of the time……………………….
What church was the only Christian church of the time?
THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
Headed by the _______________.
What is the official title of person?
The Reformation
A reform movement against
the Roman Catholic Church
What didn’t he like?
People didn’t like the way the pope, priests, and bishops were behaving. They didn’t behave in a religious manner.
Priests and Bishops didn’t even know the basic church teachings.
The pope was too involved in politics and was not committed to his churchly duties. The people didn’t like this.
His main arguments:
His main belief was that people could be saved in a religious sense through faith, and faith alone.
He believed that if a person believes in God and follows the Bible, they could go to heaven there is no need for confession, giving the church all your money, or doing charity work.
He also didn’t believe in Indulgences.
Indulgence Indulgence: a document (a piece of paper
signed by the pope) given by the pope to people; that excused that person for sins that he or she had committed while they were alive.
Why on Earth would a personpay good money for a Certificate
of Indulgence?
An indulgence was supposed to reduce the time a person
spent in purgatory.
Does anyone know what purgatory is?
PurgatoryCatholics believe that this is a place where your soul goes to in order to pay for your worldly sins before you can go to heaven. Depending on how much you sinned is going to determine how long you will spend in purgatory.
The selling of Indulgences
Indulgences were used to pay bribes to the Emperor and his followers.
The Ninety-Five Theses
This was a list of complaints that Martin Luther had against the
Catholic church.
Luther’s complaints
againstthe
church
Bible only appearing
In Latin
The Pope was too
involved inpolitics
Lazy or corruptclergy
Theselling of
Indulgences
Complaints about the Catholic Church in the
1500s
Behavior of the clergy Wealth of the church Sale of indulgences
How did Pope Leo X feel? The pope was very
upset about this; and threatened to have Martin Luther excommunicated from the church if he didn’t take back what he wrote.
Martin Luther is excommunicated
Martin Luther was called to a diet (a council of nobles and
church officials) he was labeled a heretic and was
excommunicated. Martin Luther had to go into hiding for
a year, for fear he would be killed.
A separation in the church Martin Luther caused the Catholic Church
to split up. The followers of Martin Luther were known
as Protestants because they were protesting against the Catholic church.
Protestants
Those who sided with Luther and protested the Catholic church were known as Protestants.
Martin’s contributions to Protestantism
He translated the Bible into German from Latin.
He wrote hymns (songs praising God) that still are sung today.
Pamphlets to help convert people to Protestantism.
William Tyndale
An English reformer and professor who believed that people should be able to read and interpret the Bible on their own. The Catholic church believed that clergyman were the only ones who could read and interpret the Bible.
John Calvin
John Calvin believed that God already knew who was going to be saved before they were born.
This is called Predestination. People who followed John Calvin were
known as Calvinist.They believed that everyone should live a good moral life.
King Henry VIII
He formed what was going to become known as the Anglican
church.
Why did he do this? His wife couldn’t have anymore children and he
wanted a son badly. He only had daughters. He wanted a divorce and the pope wouldn’t give it
to him. In those days you couldn’t get a divorce. He decided to start his own church in 1534 and he
would be the head of the new church, although things really didn’t change, just the name, and the head of the church.
Henry VIII broke away from the Church so he could remarry. He did not leave for any religious purposes it was for selfish purposes.
PROTESTANT REFORMERS
William TyndaleAn English Professor everyone should beable to read the Bibleexecuted for translating the Bibleinto English
John CalvinTaught PredestinationGod knew who would be saved even before they were born. It could not be changed – no matter how good or bad a person was.
King Henry VIIIStarted the Church of Englandbecause the Pope would not
allow him to divorce andremarry. (His wife couldn’t give him a son… at least he didn’t have her beheaded).
Lutheranism
Began in Germany after Martin Luther was excommunicted.
Beliefs about sin and salvation: Earn salvation by following teachings of Church. Salvation was God’s gift and was received when
the person: Believed in Jesus Christ Were sorry for their sins Accepted the words of the Bible as truth.
Lutheranism Ultimate source of authority:
Did not believe in traditional authority like councils and the pope.
Rituals and Worship: Mix of Catholic and Lutheran practices Published the Bible in many languages so people could
read it for themselves Had two sacraments: baptism and Communion Spoke German in church instead of Latin
Community Life Priests were free to marry Discipline and strong families Women should be married and have as many children as
possible
Calvinism Founded by John Calvin, a French Humanist. Beliefs about Sin/Salvation:
God chose certain people, the “elect,” to be saved and to enjoy eternal life.
Predestination: God already knew from the beginning of time who would be saved. Destiny.
Good behavior showed someone was an “elect” Ultimate source of authority:
The bible was is the true source for religious guidance.
Religious rules became rules for government.
Calvinism Rituals and Worship
Attend church up to 5 times a week Church services lasted for hours. Children had to be ready to answer questions or be
shamed. Community Life
Theocracy: a state governed by God through religious leaders
Laws based on the Bible. Very strict.
Anglicanism Founded in 1534 by King Henry VIII in England He did not want to share his power or England’s
wealth with the Church. Blended elements of Catholicism and
Protestantism Beliefs about Sin/Salvation:
Similar to Catholicism Baptism washed away sin To go to heaven: believe in God, regret their sins, and
receive God’s mercy
Anglicanism Ultimate Source of Authority:
Ruler of England was the head of the Church. Clergy could interpret teachings in their own way as
long as they were loyal to the ruler of England. Rituals and Worship:
High church service was like a formal Catholic mass Low church service was more like a Lutheran service.
Communtiy Life: High church was made up of wealthy people Low church was made of working and middle class Freedom to choose worship as long as loyal to ruler.
The Spread of Religions in Europe
1600s
Effects of the Reformation
Religious wars and persecution Thirty Years’ War
Rise of nationalism and democratic practices Nationalism: devotion to the interests of a nation Absolute monarchy: A monarchy in which the
ruler’s power is unlimited Puritans: English protestants that wanted to purify
Anglicanism of Catholic elements. The spread of Christianity
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