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World War Two, 1941-1945

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Main Points

Causes of War 

U.S. Entry into ConflictImpact on Society, Economy,

Politics

Main Events

End of the War 

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An Unstable World

Global Depression

New Countries in Europe

(Inter)National Debt

U.S., Japan, German Expansion

No International Organizations

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Germany and the U.S. 

Hitler elected leader of Germany

Expansion into Rhine River, FR-G

Border U.S. Neutrality

Italy into Ethiopia 1935

1937: Italy, Germany & Japan signedAnti-Comintern Act, against Russia

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German Expansion

1938 Nazis entered Austria

Sacrificed Czechoslovakia for 

“Peace” with Hitler  

1939 total invasion of Czech

1939 G-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

1939 G-invaded Poland

BR & FR declare war 

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U.S. Response 

Slow and contradictory

1941 Lend-Lease to allies

Military modernization

Awareness of German expansion

American embargo and quarantineof Japan in Pacific

December 7, 1941: Pearl Harbor  

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Burning Ships in Pearl Harbor 

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A Global War 

European Theater 

Pacific Theater 

War in Mediterranean, North Africa

All of British possessions in India

and AustraliaTotal War for U.S.

Fear of invasion

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 Yellow = Allies 

Pink = Axis Orange = AxiscontrolledCream = Neutral

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A Total War 

War Mobilization

Federal Control of the Economy

Westward Shift of people andindustry

Sacrifice and PatriotismMillions of men to war 

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Building Support for War 

Office of War Information

War as fight for American

Way of Life, freedomCensorship

Only positive images

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A4o0kVX7iNc&f eature=related 

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War Propaganda

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Masculinity and War 

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Women in Industries

Industries vacated by soldiers

Single & Married

45% of workers in shipbuildingWomen’s “duty” to work on the

“home front” while men were “away”

fightingHigh wages, freedom, enjoyment,

personal pride

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Rosie the Riveter 

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Women in the War 

140,000 in WACS

100,000 in Navy

WAVESChallenge to gender 

roles and norms

Women’s freedomand independence

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Gendered Propaganda

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Women = Home = Homefront

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German Expansionism

Two fronts

Western Europe &France

Russia

Blitzkrieg and massiveindustrial output

Air Raid on EnglandControl of Northern Africa

through Italy

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Allied Successes

Battle of Coral Sea, May 1942 Pacific Success

Battle of Midway, June 1942 Overturned J- Supremacy

Battle of El Alamien, Fall 1942

Northern AfricaOperation Torch, May 1943

Eisenhower’s invasion 

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Hitler Weakens

Turned east and tried to invadeRussia

Stalled for months, winter hit, millionsdied

August 1942-February 1943

Hitler pulled out of Russia and lostmomentum in war 

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The End is Near 

Operation Overlord, Summer 1944

Second Western front

Landed in France

Beaches of Normandy

D-Day, June 6, 1944

2 million participated

Liberated Paris

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D-Day June 6, 1944

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End of the War 

Germany Surrounded

Island Hopping inPacific

February 1945: YaltaConference (UKR)

Britain: Churchill

Russia: Stalin US: Roosevelt

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Japanese/AmericanInternment

Executive Order 9066 onFebruary 19, 1942

110,000 relocated to “War 

Relocation Camps”  150,000 in Hawaii

1944 US Supreme Courtsupported it

Over half were US citizens

$1.6 billion in reparations

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Holocaust

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Post-War Situation

Japan Truman agreed to dropping two Atomic Bombs

Hiroshima & Nagasaki, 1945

Nearly 120,000 died immediatelyUSSR

Roughly 25-35 million dead

Fear of Germany

Suspicion of the U.S. Control over eastern Europe

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Continued

World Economy International Monetary Fund

Investment, loans, economic growthWorld Politics

United Nations

Security Council Member nations

Debate, conflict resolution

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Significance

Ended the Great Depression

Migration to the American West

New economic opportunities for Womenand People of Color 

Brief unity and ongoing racism

Defeat of Nazis and crippled GermanyDestroyed Europe

U.S. and Soviet Union became superpowers