world war ii
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World War II
Americans at War: 1941-1945
Mobilization of People
• Selective Training and Service Act (1940) • Reasons for war - The Four Freedoms
speech• “G.I.s” - Government Issue = Soldiers,
sailors, airmen nickname for themselves• Ethnic/racial diversity in Military Service,
Women in Military Service
The DRAFT
• All males 21-36 to register for military service
• $2 billion to $10 billion in military spending
• First peace time Military DRAFT in US
The Four Freedoms - Norman Rockwell
Speech
Worship
From Want
FromFear
The Four Freedoms
• Speech given by FDR, Jan 6, 1941
• Outlined fundamental reasons and ideals to define what we would fight for.
The Soldiers
• 16,000,000 served• Fought for a “cherished
way of life”• Fought to preserve
freedom• 300,000+ died• Called “The Greatest
Generation” – Book by Tom Brokaw
(NBC News)
A B-17 Crew “Somewhere in England” (p. 748)
Preparation of the Economy
• War Production• Work Force• Financing - Paying for the War
PREPARING FOR WORLD WAR 2
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War Production • The U.S. became the ‘Arsenal of Democracy’
• Ended the Great Depression• War Production Board
(1942)– Converted peacetime
industries to wartime– Set priorities and allocated
raw materials
• Office of War Mobilization– Centralized resources
Map 25.5: The Home Front
WORLD WAR 2 INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION
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U.S. Wartime Production: 1
1941 1942 1943 19441941 1942 1943 1944
U.S. Wartime Production: 2
U.S. Wartime Production: 3
1941 1942 1943 19441941 1942 1943 1944
The Work Force
• Women joined workforce
• Blacks migrated to big cities and west coast for jobs
• Union membership increased
World War 2 Posters
WORLD WAR 2 SHIPBUILDING
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WORLD WAR 2 SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
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Financing The War
• Government borrowed: War Bonds
• GNP doubled• Deficit spending
soared
War Bonds
WORLD WAR 2 WAR BONDS
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Daily life in America during the War
• Most people had a relative or friend in the military
• War new followed closely on radio and in newspapers
• Shortages, Controls, Rationing to help in the war effort
• Popular Culture -flourished and also supported the war effort
Shortages - Recycling• Metal, rubber, nylon used to
manufacture military goods.• Scrap metal and tires collected and
recycled
Food Shortages • Office of Price Administration (OPA)
• Government agency during World War II)– Controlled inflation– Rationing of scarce
items: sugar, coffee, meat, butter, shoes, gasoline, etc.
Rationing Books during WW II
Food Rationing info - WW II
WORLD WAR 2 RATIONING, ETC.
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Public Support: Victory Gardens
• Enlisted public support
• Families encouraged to grow their own food
• Families encouraged to can their own food.
Victory Gardens
Victory Gardens
Other War-time slogans and efforts
• “Conserve and Collect”• “Play your Part”• Night time “blackouts”
Public support approached 95-100% of the population during the War years.
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