world war ii
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World War II
CAUSES
WORLDWAR II
1. Treaty of Versailles (signed after WWI) created angst because of its harsh terms
4. Germany’s economic situation was dire (heavy debts and reparations gutted the country) – German people were vulnerable
3. Failure of policy of Appeasement (Britain) ANDFailure of the ‘League of Nations’
2. Rise of Totalitarian governments – Militarism in Japan, Fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany
1. Treaty of Versailles:Terms
WAR GUILT – Germany to accept full responsibility for WWI
REPARATIONS – Germany to pay 6.6billion pounds for damages caused
DISARMAMENT – Germany to demilitarise the Rhineland, armed/naval forces were capped
TERRITORIAL CLAUSES – Land taken from Germany, annexing of Austria (Anschluss) is forbidden
Treaty of Versailles - a guillotine condemning Germany to death
and the making of another war…
2. Rise of Totalitarian RegimesAdolf Hitler became Chancellor in Germany in 1933 …
Benito Mussolini became Prime Minister of Italy in 1922…
In the 1930s Japan’s military became more and more powerful…
3. Failure of Appeasement and League of Nations…
Not all countries joined the League, some countries were still trading with Non-League countries and essentially it had no power/army, and it could not act quickly…
The Policy of Appeasement did not work – essentially it meant giving in to some demands of Hitler to ‘appease’ him but re-arming and the ‘Munich Agreement’ (giving back some territorial land) was not enough and Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia anyway…
4. Germany before WWII Germany faced an
economic crisis: the reparations and heavy debts because of borrowing to fund WWI efforts left it vulnerable…and poverty was widespread…
Hitler’s propaganda played on this…
German, Health, child protection, fighting poverty, aiding travellers, community, helping mothers: These are the tasks of the National Socialist People's Charity. Become a member!, c. 1930s, poster, German Federal Archive, Koblenz.
Allies and Axis PowersAxisBulgariaFinlandGermanyHungaryItalyJapanRomania
Allies
ArgentinaAustraliaBoliviaBrazilCanadaChinaChileColumbiaCosta RicaCubaFranceIndiaIraqLebanonMexicoNew ZealandParaguaySouth AfricaSoviet UnionUnited KingdomUnited StatesOccupiedAlbania
BelgiumCzechoslovakiaDenmarkEstoniaEthiopiaFranceGreeceLuxemburgNetherlandsNorwayPhilippinesPolandYugoslavia
NeutralAndorraIreland
LiechtensteinPortugalSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkey (until Feb 1945)UruguayVatican City
Map of Europe occupied by the Third Reich 1944
Course WWII – European Theatre 1938 ‘Anschluss’ - Annexing of Austria 1938 Munich Agreement
1939 German Invasions Czechoslovakia, Poland & war declared by Britain & France
1940 German Invasions Denmark, Norway 1940 ‘Blitzkrieg’ – Lightning war – occupying of Holland and Belgium 1940 Dunkirk: rescue of Allied forces 1940 France signs Armistice, is occupied by Germany 1940 Battle of Britain – bombing raids in Britain by Luftwaffe
1941 Operation Barbarossa – Attack of Russia on Eastern front
1942 Battle of Alamein – success against Axis powers in Northern Africa 1942 Battle of Stalingrad – Russian success against Germany
1943 Allies take Sicily and Italy surrenders and joins the Allies
1944 DDay – Allies launch attack in Normandy, capturing port 1944 Battle of the Bulge – attack launched against Allies, beaten back
1945 Allies cross the Rhine, Russians enter Berlin from the East 1945 April Capture and execution of Mussolini, Suicide of Adolf Hitler 1945 2-4 May German forces surrender 1945 8 May V.E. Day Victory in Europe is celebrated
Bibliography ONLINE German Poverty - www.oldmagazinearticles.com (Accessed 18 March 2012) Meeting of Leaders/Treaty of Versailles -
www.historyonthenet.com/WW2/causes.htm (Accessed 17 March 2012) National Flags - www.flags.net Third Reich Flag - third-reich-books.com (Accessed 18 March 2012) Fascist Flag - iranpoliticsclub.net (Accessed 18 March 2012) Chamberlin and Hitler - ivarfjeld.wordpress.com (Accessed 18 March 2012) Versailles Political Cartoons - http://urbachc.org/urb-versailles-political-
cartoons.html (Accessed 18 March 2012) Images of Adolf Hitler - www.kgv.edu.hk/history/Y9/WWII_and...War/World
%20War%20II.ppt (Accessed 18 March 2012) Japanese Militarism - library.thinkquest.org/ C005852/militarism.htm
(Accessed 18 March 2012) Luftwaffe - feldgrau.com (Accessed 18 March 2012) Map of German occupation 1944 -
http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/images/English_map_5_bh-edit.jpg (Accessed 18 March 2011)
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