world war ii

World War II

Unit 8A, Lesson 2

FascismNazismLebensraumMein Kampf

AppeasementNonaggression PactHolocaustAryans (definition

#2)

Unit 8A, Lesson 2 Vocabulary (pg 188-189)

China Before WWII

1912 - Sun Yixian, leader of the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) led a revolt that overthrew the Qing Dynasty. Yuan became the first president of the Chinese Republic.

China

1915 – Yuan made himself emperor.

China

1916 – Yuan died and civil war broke out. Sun could not reorganize the Kuomintang.

China

1920s – The Communist Party was formed. Sun allied with them.

China

1925 – Sun died and Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi) became the leader of the Kuomintang.

China

1927 – Chiang Kai-shek forced the Communists into hiding.

China

1928 – Chiang Kai-shek became President of China

China

1931 – Japan invaded Manchuria. They wanted to gain a mainland empire for access to resources.

China

1934 – Communists began the Long March (retreat to the north) and Mao Zedong arose as the top Communist leader.

China

1937 – Japan began a full-scale invasion of China.

China

Rise of Fascists

1922 - The king of Italy let Benito Mussolini lead the government.

Mussolini used thugs to threaten his political opponents.

He abolished democracy.1935 – Italy invaded Ethiopia.

Italy

Nazism = German fascism.1933 – Adolf Hitler became

Germany’s leader.1936 – Hitler formed an

alliance with Mussolini and Japan.

Germany

1936 – General Francisco Franco led a revolution.

Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin sent aid.

1939 – Franco became the Fascist dictator.

Spain

Timeline of WWII Events

Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston Churchill

France – Charles de GaulleUSSR – Joseph StalinU.S. – Franklin Roosevelt, Harry Truman

Allies

Germany – Adolf HitlerItaly – Benito MussoliniJapan – Emperor Hirohito and Prime Minister

Hideki Tojo

Axis

Germany took over most of Czechoslovakia.

March 15, 1939

Alliance formed by Hitler and Mussolini

May 1939 – Pact of Steel

Signed by Hitler and Stalin

August, 1939 – Nonaggression Pact

Germany invaded Poland.Britain and France declare war.Germany defeated Poland in a 4 week

blitzkrieg (lightning war)Used the Luftwaffe and panzers

September, 1939 – WWII Started

Germany invaded Denmark and Norway

April 1940

Germany defeated Holland, Luxembourg, and Belgium (in two weeks).

Allies were pushed to the coast of Dunkirk (France)

May 1940

“Miracle of Dunkirk” – 350,000 solders were evacuated across the English

Channel

French surrendered when Germany advanced past the Maginot Line (France’s main defense)

June 1940

Germany bombed British cities.The Royal Air Force (RAF) fought off the

German Luftwaffe for a year.

Summer 1940 – Battle of Britain

Hitler sent Gen. Rommel (The “Desert Fox”) to aid Mussolini in North Africa.

Spring 1941

Lend-Lease Act signed with U.S.

March 1941

Germany took over Yugoslavia and Greece

April 1941

Hitler invaded the USSRGerman advances were

stopped in December when temperatures fell to -40 degrees F

June 1941 – Operation Barbarossa

Dec. 7, 1941 - Pearl HarborJapan attacked the U.S. naval base in HawaiiJapan also attacked Guam, Wake Isl., and

Philippines.

May 1942 - Battle of the Coral SeaFought entirely in the airAllies saved Australia

June 1942 - Battle of MidwayTide of war turned

against Japan.Adm. Nimitz led AlliesJapan lost many of their

best pilots.

Aug. 1942 - GuadalcanalGen. Douglas MacArthur ordered the U.S. to

attack the island where the Japanese were building an airbase.

Germans tried to take the Suez Canal.First major British victory against Germany.

Oct-Nov 1942 – El Alamein, Egypt

Churchill and Roosevelt agreed they would accept only an unconditional surrender.

Jan. 1943 – Casablanca Conference

Germany surrendered at Stalingrad (USSR)

February 1943

May 1943

Germans were forced out of Africa by British Gen. Montgomery and American Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower.

August 1943Allies captured

Sicily and drove Mussolini from power.

June 1944D-DayAllies invaded the coast of Normandy.Largest amphibious invasion in World history.

August 1944Gen. Patton used a blitzkrieg

to break through German lines, then swept across northern France.

Oct. 1944 - Leyte GulfFought in the Philippines.Largest naval battle in world history.U.S. crushed the Japanese Navy.

Nov. 1944 – June 1945 –Iwo Jima & OkinawaLast obstacles to invading mainland Japan.“Uncommon valor was a common virtue.”

Dec. 1944Battle of the BulgeGen. Patton and Gen. Omar N. Bradley led an

offensive attack on the German border and within weeks pushed back the Germans.

Bradley, Eisenhower, and Patton

Churchill, Stalin, Roosevelt met to discuss the future of Europe.

Feb. 1945 – Yalta Conference

USAF firebombed Dresden and Tokyo (Japan)

Feb. & March 1945

March 1945Gen. Bradley led troops toward Berlin from

the west

April 1945Soviet troops pushed into Berlin and took

over the city.April 30 – Hitler committed suicide in his

underground bunker in Berlin.

May 1945V-E Day celebrated by the Allies.Japan still had to be defeated before the war

could end.

Victory in the Pacific

Aug., 1945U.S. President Truman chose to drop an

atomic bomb on Japan to prevent more casualties in an invasion.

Aug. 6th – 1st A-bomb dropped on Hiroshima.Aug. 9th – 2nd A-bomb was dropped on

Nagasaki.Aug. 14th – Japanese government

surrendered.Aug. 15th – V-J Day celebrated by Allies.

Japan had planned to attack the Panama Canal since it was a trade center for the Allies – the war ended before the attack.

Causes of the Cold War

Germany would be divided into 4 zones controlled by US, USSR, UK, France.

Democracy would be established throughout Europe.

But, Stalin did NOT allow elections in Eastern Europe.

Yalta Conference

Communist/Soviet satellite nations – Poland, Czechoslovakia, Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania

Germany was divided into 2 sections – East Germany was communist

Churchill said “…an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.”

The Iron Curtain

Policy to prevent spread of communismTruman Doctrine (1947) – US aid to

Turkey and Greece to prevent communismMarshall Plan (1947) – aid to Western

Europe for economic recovery and to prevent communism

Berlin Airlift (1948) – Soviets closed off Berlin to the West; Allies drop food and medicine and the blockade is removed

Containment