work zone safety and mobility issues and mitigation module 2
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Work Zone Safety and Mobility Issues and Mitigation
Module 2
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 2
Why we should care about work zones Extent of work zones Potential negative consequences of work
zones General work zone mitigation strategies
Work Zone Safety and Mobility Issues and Mitigation
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 3
Potential economic disruption
Impair quality of life
Potential to jeopardize safety
Problem is not temporary
New reality: System management & operations
Growth in capital expenditures
Why We Should Care About Work Zones
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 4
Growth in Transportation and Related Indicators
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Year
% o
f B
as
e Y
ea
r (1
98
0)
)
Travel (VMT) GDP Adjusted for inflation
Capacity (Lane-miles) Population
Why We Should Care About Work Zones
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 5
U.S. Freight Shipment by Mode
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Value Tons Ton-miles
Truck (private and for-hire)
Multi-modal
Water
Air (including truck &air)
Rail (including truck &rail)
Pipeline
Other & unknown
Why We Should Care About Work Zones
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 6
Work Zones: Scope and Scale
Work Zone Distribution by Category
Construction, 83
Maintenance, 8
Utility, 2
Unknown, 7
Construction
Maintenance
Utility
Unknown
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 7
Work Zones: Scope and Scale Exposure: Numbers and Mileage from 2001
Snapshot
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 8
Work Zones: Scope and Scale Exposure: NHS estimate from 2003 Snapshot
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 9
Exposure: Part of the Driving Experience
Over 11 billion VMT through construction
One active WZ encountered per 100 miles driven on the NHS, representing over 12 billion hours of vehicle exposure nationally; half involve lane closures
Work Zones: Scope and Scale
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 10
Amount of Activity (1994-2008)
State Highway Agency Capital Outlay & Maintenance
$0
$10,000,000,000
$20,000,000,000
$30,000,000,000
$40,000,000,000
$50,000,000,000
$60,000,000,000
$70,000,000,000
$80,000,000,000
$90,000,000,000
$100,000,000,0001994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Maintenance
Capital Outlay
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 11
Lost 60 million veh/hr capacity during 2-week period
Responsible for: 24% of non-recurring freeway delay 10% of all congestion
2nd leading cause of public dissatisfaction with transportation (behind poor traffic flow)
Negative Consequences of Work Zones
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 12
Safety About 40,000 injuries annually
720 fatalities in 2008 667 in 2009
More than 85% of fatalities are motorists and passengers
Negative Consequences of Work Zones
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 13
Highway Worker Safety ~ 120 workers killed annually Occupational injury rates:
8 times all workers (average) Double (2x) other construction workers
Negative Consequences of Work Zones
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 14
US Work Zone Fatalities (1995 – 2008)
Negative Consequences of Work Zones
Work Zone Fatalities
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
No. of Fatalities
Minnesota Data
Work Zone Fatalities2006 – 17 (494 total)2007 – 20 (510 total)2008 – 9 (455 total)2009 – 20 (421 total)2010 - ?
Fatality rate is 0.74 compared to national rate of 1.16
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 15
Can we do better?
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 17
Improvement Strategies
Meet the challenge systematically Improve driver performance Reduce work zone risk factors Reduce mobility impacts Reduce exposure
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 18
Strategy: Meet the Challenge Systematically
Develop/implement policies Integrate policies into business process
procedures (SMS, design, etc) Monitor performance Collect & analyze data; make improvements Improve human capital Forge effective partnerships
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 19
Integrate Work Zone Policies into Procedures
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 20
Improve Human Capital Work zone value chain:
o Developmento Designo Implementationo Operationo Inspectiono Enforcement
Training geared toward improved decisions
Strategy: Meet the Challenge Systematically
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 21
Forge Effective Partnerships Advocacy groups Business/merchants Cities/local
government Emergency response
agencies Legislative/political
offices
Strategy: Meet the Challenge Systematically
Major employers Neighborhood
associations Transit agencies Transportation
management associations
Utilities
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 22
Driver education Compliance
Strategy: Improve Driver Performance
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 23
Improve Driver Performance: Driver Education
Campaigns and Slogans “Give em’ a Brake” “Slow Down, My Daddy Works Here” Newspaper, Radio, Television, PSAs
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 24
Work Zone Awareness Week 2010 theme: Work zones need our
undivided attention Raise awareness Provide drivers tips for driving safely
through work zones Recognize those who have died in
work zones
Improve Driver Performance: Driver Education
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 25
Key messages of “Turning Point” teen driver program:
Know what work zone signs mean. Pay attention to other drivers. Stay focused & avoid distractions. Expect the unexpected. Keep your cool. Be patient.
Improve Driver Performance: Driver Education
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 26
Work zone safety info in drivers’ manuals Introduce work zone TTC devices Provide guidance on proper driving
techniques
Improve Driver Performance: Driver Education
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 27
Display TTC devices visibly Improve credibility of signs Enforcement of traffic laws in work zones Increased penalties in work zones
Improve Driver Performance: Compliance
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 28
Example of Increased Fines
Improve Driver Performance: Compliance
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 29
Enforcement Officers on general patrol Officers dedicated/assigned to project Automated speed enforcement
Improve Driver Performance: Compliance
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 30
Example: Illinois Photo Speed Enforcement
Workers present Work zone is signed No time of day restrictions Work zone fine structure
applies
Improve Driver Performance: Compliance
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 31
Strategy: Reduce Work Zone Risk Factors Confusing Information Sources Distractions Roadside Hazards Lack of Positive Guidance Queues Conflicts (construction, pedestrians,
access) Inattentive Driving Aggressive Driving
Drivers
Design
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 32
Manage demand (major projects) Maintain and augment capacity
Strategy: Reduce Mobility Impacts
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 33
Reduce duration Reduce number Reduce traffic volumes
Strategy: Reduce Work Zone Exposure
Get In; Get Out; Stay Out!
WZ Safety & Mobility Issues & Mitigation 34
Existing facilities subject to increasingly intense use
WZs can reduce capacity, access, modal connectivity & safety
Key customer service factor
WZ management is a key element in mobility and safety strategies
Summary
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