work study

WORK STUDY

Module 208.701. Industrial Management

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What is work study?

One of the most powerful tools to in improving productivity is work study

Work study is: The systematic examinations of the methods of carrying on

activity To improve effective use of resources To set up standards of performance

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Work study is the generic term for all those techniques,

particularly method study and work measurement , which are

used in the examination of human work in all its contexts and

which lead systematically to the investigation in all the factors

of which affect the efficiency and economy of the situation

being reviewed , in order to effect the improvement

[ British Standard Institute]

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WORK STUDY

Method study

Reduce work content of product & process

Develop economical

and effective methods

Work Measurement

Investigate and set standards of performance

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Method study

Method study is the systematic recording and critical

examination of existing and proposed ways of doing work as a

means of developing and applying easier and more effective

methods and reducing costs

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Method Study Procedure

Select the job – on which method study is to be applied.

Obtain information and Record.

Examine the information critically

Develop the most practical, economical and effective method

Install the new method as standard practice.

Maintain the standard practice by regular follow up.

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Selection of Job for Method Study

Economic Factors

Technical Factors

Human Factors

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Information Collection and Recording

Techniques used for the collection of information / data about

the task under consideration

– Process Charts

– Diagrams

– Templates

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Charts

Outline process chart

Flow process chart – Man type

Flow process chart – material type

Flow process chart – equipment type

Travel chart

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Flow chart

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Diagrams

Flow diagrams

String diagrams

Cycle graph

Chrono – cycle graph

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String diagram

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CRITICAL EXAMINATIONConsiderations Primary Questions

( Facts & reasons )Secondary Questions ( alternatives )

Implications

Purpose What is done? (Necessity)

What else can do? (Alternative)

Advantages & disadvantages

Place Where it is done? (Location)

Where else can done? Advantages & disadvantages

Sequence. When it is done? (Time)

When might it done? Advantages & disadvantages

Person Who is doing it ? ( Person)

Who else might do it ? Advantages & disadvantages

Means How is it done? How should it be done? Advantages & disadvantages

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Developing Better Method:

Where and how to use ‘man' in the process? What better work procedure be adopted? What better equipment be used? What better layout of work station, shop or factory be used?

• How to ?– Think creatively or inductively– Learn– Generalize– Cope with unexpected events

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Installation of Improved Method

Gaining acceptance

Retraining the workers

Arranging the requirements of the new method

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Maintain / follow up

Ensure that the workers do not slip back into old method

Prevent introduction of elements which are not part of

proposed method

Specify the new method very clearly

Continuous / periodic monitoring

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Micromotion Study

FRANK GILBERTH (1868-1924) & LILLIAN GILBERTH(1878-1972)

Technique of analyzing body motions employed in doing a task

Use of video camera / motion picture film camera

Data are recorded on Simultaneous Motion (SIMO) chart

Therbligs – micromotions

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Work measurement

Work measurement refers to the estimation of standard time

for an activity, that is the time allowed for completing one

piece of job by using the prescribed method

Time study is a technique to estimate the time to be allowed

to a qualified and well-trained worker working at a normal

pace to complete a specified task by using specified method.

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Time Study Procedure Step 1: Define objective of the study Step 2: Verify that the standard method and conditions Step 3: Select operator to be studied Step 4: Record information about the standard method Step 5: Divide the operation into small elements, and record Step 6: Time the operator for each of the elements. Step 7: Collect & record data of required no. of cycles by timing Step 8: Normal time = Observed time x Rating factor Step 9: Determine allowances for fatigue and various delays. Step 10: Standard time = Normal time + allowances

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Techniques of work measurement

Stop watch time study

Predetermined motion time system (PMTS)

Activity sampling / work sampling

Analytical estimating

Synthesis from standard data

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Predetermined Motion Time System

Procedure that analyzes any manual activity in terms of basic or

fundamental motions required to perform it

Each of these motions is assigned a previously established standard

time value

Main use of lies in the estimation of time for the performance of a

task before it is performed.

Useful to organizations which do not want tedious performance

rating

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Commonly used PMT systems are

– Work factor (1938)

– Method Time Measurement (1948)

– Basic Motion Time (1951)

– Dimension Motion Time (1954)

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