hydrology.asu.edu with different hydrologic models · increase in the fut period, with the highest...
Post on 03-Aug-2020
1 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
SWAT tRIBS WASIM−20
−15
−10
−5
0
Change in mean annual SWC (%)
ECH−RCA
ECH−REM
ECH−RMO
HCH−RCA
SWAT tRIBS WASIM0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Mean annual SWC (%)
REF
FUT
Climate change effects in a Mediterranean basin
with different hydrologic models
WaSiM-ETH, developed by Schulla and Jasper, is a process based and fully distributed hydrological model.
The applied version uses the Richards equation for the water flow within the unsaturated soil zone.
The model is grid based and has a modular structure to represent the physical processes, as described in Fig. 4.
###
##
#
# #
#
#
# #
")
´
km30
Outlet section
..
.
Elevation
(m a.s.l.)1824
0
G Centroid of 25-km grid.
! Centroid of 5-km grid.
# Rain gauges.
Sub-basins
(a) (c)
(b)##
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
G
G
")
497500
497500
507500
507500
517500
517500
527500
527500
43
57
50
0
43
57
50
0
43
67
50
0
43
67
50
0
43
77
50
0
43
77
50
0
43
87
50
0
43
87
50
0
´
5km
Elevation (m a.s.l.)
963
66
stream
network
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
")
1
2
Monica Piras(1), Giuseppe Mascaro(2), Roberto Deidda(1) , Enrique R. Vivoni(3), Pierluigi Cau(4), Pier Andrea Marras(4), Swen Meyer(5), and Ralf Ludwig(5)
Three hydrologic models (HMs) with different characteristics and schematizations are used to simulate the hydrological response due to climate change scenarios in RMB: SWAT, tRIBS and WASIM.
The 3 HMs accordingly predict a decrease in mean annual
discharge Q (Fig. 7a and b). Variation depends also on CMs.
Fig. 5 - (a)-(b) Mean annual MAP (a) and T (b) in REF and FUT periods.
(c)-(d) Relative change in monthly MAP (c) and T (d).
Two time slices: Reference (REF 1971-2000) and Future
(FUT 2041-2070) periods.
All CMs predict decreasing mean annual MAP (mean areal P), and
increasing mean annual temperature T (Fig. 5 a,b) in FUT period.
MAP is predicted to slightly increase in winter months (Fig. 5c) and
decrease in the other seasons, while T is expected to increase
throughout the year (Fig. 5d).
HCH-RCA presents the largest variations for both P and T.
High differences are found in the ETP estimations due to the
different computational schemes. ETP is predicted to slightly
increase in the FUT period, with the highest rise predicted by
WaSiM model (Fig. 6). HCH-RCA presents the largest variations.
Fig. 6 - (a) Mean annual ETP in REF and FUT periods used in the 3 HMs.
(b) Relative change in annual ETP specific for each CM.
The real evapotranspiration ETR diminuishes in FUT according to
the 3 HMs (Fig. 7c and d). Variation depends on CMs .
Deidda et al. (2013) audited 14 combinations of general (GCM) and
regional (RCM) climate models, based on the A1B emission scenario
from the ENSEMBLES project (http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com),
for this study.
The four best performing
combinations
of two GCMs and
three RCMs were selected,
indicated as CMs.
Climatological center and model Acronym
GCMs
Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction, Met Office, UK
HadCM3 Model (high sensitivity) HadCM3 HCH
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Germany ECHAM5 / MPI OM
ECHAM5 ECH
RCMs
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Sweden RCA Model
RCA RCA
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
REMO Model REMO REM
Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI), Netherlands RACMO2 Model
RACMO RMO
1
ECHAM5
RCA
REMO
RACMO
ECH-RCA
ECH-REM
ECH-RMO
HadCM3 RCA
GCMs RCMs
HCH-RCA
Acronym ofcombinations
tRIBS is a fully distributed, physically-based HM, using Triangulated Irregular Networks to represent topography (Fig. 3).
Fig. 3 - tRIBS application scheme in the RMB (Mascaro et al., 2013): downscaling strategies and generation of hourly forcing for (a) precipitation, P, and (b) potential evapotranspiration, ET
P. (c) Hydrologic processes
represented in tRIBS model over a complex triangulated terrain (Ivanov et al., 2004) and performances of tRIBS calibration and validation in RMB.
Jan 06th Jan 07th Jan 08th0
5
10
15
20
25
30
t (d)
Pre
cip
itatio
n (m
m/d
)
Daily Rainfall
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
t (h)
ET
0 (m
m/h
)
Apr 28th Apr 29th Apr 30th
h
Hourly Evapotranspiration
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.50
0.5
1
1.5
2
3
3.5
4
2.5
β = e -1
Prec. (mm/h) in 104 km x 104 km x 6 h
c
ST
RA
IN m
odel
(a)
0 4 8 12 16 200
0.05
0.1
t (h)
fm(h
)
April
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
t (h)
Pre
cip
itatio
n (m
m/h
)
Jan 06th Jan 07th Jan 08th
Hourly Rainfall
Apr 28th Apr 29th Apr 30th0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
t (d)
ET
0 (m
m/d
)d
Daily Evapotranspiration
Dim
ensio
nle
ss
functio
ns
(b)
Time scale Calibration NSC
Min, Mean, Max
Validation NSC
Min, Mean, Max
Daily -3.53, 0.07, 0.61 -0.99, 0.02, 0.42
Weekly -5.50, 0.46, 0.83 -0.72, 0.13, 0.47
Monthly -0.06, 0.55, 0.89 0.30, 0.25, 0.74
(c)
Our study site is the Rio Mannu basin (RMB), located in the
southern Sardinia, Italy (Fig.1) and included within the CLIMB EU
FP7 project (Ludwig et al., 2010):
Fig. 1 - Location of the RMB within (a) Italy and (b) the island of Sardinia. (c) Digital elevation model (DEM) of the RMB including UTM coordinates. Panels (b) and (c) also report the centroids of the original and disaggregated climate model grids and (c) two sub-basins boundaries (violet lines).
Hydrologic Models
TIN-based Real Time Integrated Basin Simulator tRIBS
Study Area
Water Flow and Balance Simulation Model (WaSiM)
Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT
SWAT is a hydrological, semi-distributed model that functions on a continuous time step. Model components include weather, hydrology, channel and pond/reservoir routing. Fig 2 shows its performance when applied on the RMB (Marras et al., 2014).
Hydrologic Impacts
Climate Simulations
Changes in climate forcing
Monthly variations
Conclusions
References
SWAT tRIBS WASIM0
100
200
300
400
500
Mean annual ETR (mm)
REF
FUT
SWAT tRIBS WASIM−20
−15
−10
−5
0
Change in mean annual ETR (%)
ECH−RCA
ECH−REM
ECH−RMO
HCH−RCA
SWAT tRIBS WASIM
−70
−60
−50
−40
−30
−20
−10
0
Change in mean annual Q (%)
ECH−RCA
ECH−REM
ECH−RMO
HCH−RCA
SWAT tRIBS WASIM0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Mean annual Q (mm)
REF
FUT
DICAARUniversità
di
Cagliari
hydrology.asu.edu
Thursday, June 25
Session G1 - Poster
Mascaro G., Piras M., Deidda R., and Vivoni E. R.: Distributed hydrologic modeling of a sparsely monitored basin in Sardinia, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 4143–4158, doi:10.5194/hess-17-4143-2013, 2013.
Ludwig R., et al.: Climate-induced changes on the hydrology of Mediterra-nean basins - A research concept to reduce uncertainty and quantify risk, Fresen. Environ. Bull., 19 (10 A), 2379–2384, 2010.
Ivanov V. Y., Vivoni E. R., Bras R. L., and Entekhabi D.: Catchment hydrologic response with a fully-distributed triangulated irregular network model, Water Resour. Res., 40(11), doi:10.1029/2004WR003218, 1–23, 2004.
Deidda R., Marrocu M., Caroletti G., Pusceddu G., Langousis A., Lucarini V., Puliga M., and Speranza A.: Climate model validation and selection for hyd-rological applications in representative Mediterranean catchments, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., , 17, 5041-5059, doi:10.5194/hess-17-2013, 2013.
Fig. 4 - Model structure of the WaSiM-ETH (Schulla, 2015).
Me
an
an
nu
al te
mp
era
ture
(°C
)
ECH-RCA ECH-REM ECH-RMO HCH-RCA0
5
10
15
20
25
REF
FUT
+1.9°C +1.9°C +1.9°C+3.0°C
Me
an
an
nu
al M
AP
(m
m)
ECH-RCA ECH-REM ECH-RMO HCH-RCA0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
REF
FUT
-12% -7% -10% -21%
Ch
an
ge
in
mo
nth
ly M
AP
(%
)
Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug−80
−60
−40
−20
0
20
40
ECH-RCAECH-REMECH-RMOHCH-RCA
Ch
an
ge
in
mo
nth
ly T
(%
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
ECH-RCA
ECH-REM
ECH-RMO
HCH-RCA
Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug
(b)(a)
(d)(c)
Also the soil water content SWC is predicted to diminuish in FUT
(Fig. 7e and f ).
Fig. 7 - (a) Mean annual Q in REF and FUT periods simulated by the 3 HMs.
(b) Relative change in annual Q specific for each CM. (c) and (d) Same as (a)
and (b) for ETR. (e) and (f) Same as (a) and (b) for SWC.
SWAT tRIBS WASIM0
5
10
15
20
25
Change in mean annual ETP (%)
ECH−RCA
ECH−REM
ECH−RMO
HCH−RCA
(b)
SWAT tRIBS WASIM0
500
1000
1500
Mean annual ETP (mm)
REF
FUT(a)
The highest variations in Q, ETR and SWC are found for HCH-RCA.
The 3 HMs present larger variations considering the seasonal
scale (Fig. 8) as compared to the annual scale (Fig. 7).
Q is predicted to decrease in FUT in all months except for January
and February (Fig. 8b).
(b)(a)
(d)(c)
(f)(e)
Fig. 8 - (a) Mean monthly Q in REF (solid lines) and FUT (dashed lines) periods
simulated by the 3 HMs. (b) Relative change in mean monthly Q for each HM.
(c) and (d) Same as (a) and (b) for ETR. (e) and (f) Same as (a) and (b) for SWC.
Sep Oct NovDec Jan FebMar AprMay Jun Jul Aug−80
−60
−40
−20
0
20
Change in mean monthly Q (%)
SWAT
tRIBS
WASIM(b)
Sep Oct NovDec Jan FebMar AprMay Jun Jul Aug0
5
10
15
20
25
Mean monthly Q (mm)
SWAT
tRIBS
WASIM
(a)
Sep Oct NovDec Jan FebMar AprMay Jun Jul Aug−30
−20
−10
0
10
Change in mean monthly ETR (%)
SWAT
tRIBS
WASIM (d)
Sep Oct NovDec Jan FebMar AprMay Jun Jul Aug0
20
40
60
80
Mean monthly ETR (mm)
SWAT
tRIBS
WASIM
(c)
Sep Oct NovDec Jan FebMar AprMay Jun Jul Aug−40
−30
−20
−10
0
Change in mean monthly SWC (%)
SWAT
tRIBS
WASIM
(f)
Sep Oct NovDec Jan FebMar AprMay Jun Jul Aug0
10
20
30
40
Mean annual SWC (%)
SWAT
tRIBS
WASIM
(e)
ETR increases only in December and January according to WaSiM.
Largest descrease in summer months predicted by WaSiM (Fig. 8d).
Using 4 CM signals (coherently predicting lower mean annual
precipitation and higher mean temperatures in the future period
2041-2070) as forcing of 3 HMs with different schematizations in
the RMB leads to the following conclusions:
All HMs indicate a negative trend of both mean annual discharge
and mean annual real evapotranspiration (the latter likely due to
drier soil moisture conditions), with minor differences across
the HMs.
Sep Oct NovDec Jan FebMar AprMay Jun Jul Aug−100
−50
0
50
Change in mean monthly Q (%)
S
M
SWAT
tRIB
WASI
(b)
Sep Oct NovDec Jan FebMar AprMay Jun Jul Aug−2
0
2
4
6
8
Mean monthly Q (mm)
S
SWAT
tRIB
WASIM
(a)
Sep Oct NovDec Jan FebMar AprMay Jun Jul Aug−80
−60
−40
−20
0
20
Change in mean monthly Q (%)
SWAT
tRIBS
WASIM
(d)
Sep Oct NovDec Jan FebMar AprMay Jun Jul Aug0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Mean monthly Q (mm)
SWAT
tRIBS
WASIM
Sub-basin 2 Sub-basin 2(c)
The mean monthly Q at the outlet section of two sub-basins with
diverse terrain and soil properties (violet boundaries in Fig. 1c)
shows different trends among the HMs (Fig. 9).
Fig. 9 - (a) Mean monthly Q in REF (solid lines) and FUT (dashed lines) periods
simulated by the 3 HMs in sub-basin 1. (b) Relative change in mean monthly
Q in sub-basin 1 for each HM. (c) and (d) Same as (a) and (b) for sub-basin 2.
Sub-basins
Differences in the HMs outputs become more relevant when
looking at higher time resolutions, e.g. at the monthly seasonal
cycles, revealing the uncertainty of the hydrological component in
climate change impact assessments.
The analyses at sub-basin scale displays that, despite the different
process schematization, all HMs were able to reliably represent the
influence of terrain and soil properties in terms of basin response.
Calibration: 1924-1937
Validation: 1943-1963
NS: 0.68
P-factor: 0.7
R-factor: 1.03
NS: 0.60
P-factor: 0.6
R-factor: 0.61
95PPU
Observed
Best estimation
95PPU
Observed
Best estimation
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 (months)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 (months)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Q (
m3/s
)
15
12
9
6
3
0
Q (
m3/s
)
Schulla J., Model description WaSiM (Water balance Simulation Model), Hydrology Software Consulting, 2015.
Marras P., Muroni D., Manca S., Soru C., Pusceddu G., Marrocu M., and Cau P.: The SWAT model and a web-based information system to assess the water balance of Sardinia (Italy), 2014 SWAT International Conference, 2014.
Fig. 2 - Results of calibration and validation of the SWAT HM in the RMB.
Sub-basin 1 Sub-basin 1
top related