wick drain
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Evaluating Wick Drain Performance in Virginia SoilsSusan E. BurnsUniversity of Virginia
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Graduate and Undergraduate Research AssistantsMatthew J. Cline M.S. Civil Engineering, 2002J. Matthew WrightB.S. Civil Engineering, 2001
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Prefabricated Vertical Drain StudyLiterature Review / Soil CharacterizationDamage Testing (complete June 01)90 CrimpLateral Pressure Test (start May 01)Consolidation (start June 01)
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Prefabricated Vertical Drain Cores
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PVD Properties*All fabric and cores made from polypropylene **Amerdrain ASTM D 4632; Mebra-Drain ASTM D 638 *** ASTM D4716
PropertyAmerdrain407Amerdrain407FAmerdrain607Amerdrain417Mebra-DrainMD-7407Typar 3407-1Mebra-DrainMD-88CoreCorrugatedCorrugatedCorrugatedDimpleCorrugatedFinWeight (oz/yd2)42.56443.9Grab Tensile Strength (lbs)14565250145130130Puncture Strength (lbs)505080504040Trapezoidal Tear (lbs)7070100706056AOS (US Sieve)80>2007080100120Core Tensile Strength (lbs)**200200200200180180Discharge Capacity (gpm)***1.61.61.61.61.71.9
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Wick Drains Used in Crimp Testing
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Vertical Discharge Capacity - HydraulicVertical water flowConstant head 1 kPa (1.45 psi)Measure flowrate through wickCrimp with a 90 bend, measure flowrateMeasure flowrate through empty heat shrinkFlowFlow
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Vertical Discharge PVD MethodologyPVDs encased in heat shrink tubingUniformity criticalInsert wick into heat shrinkClamp into aluminum plates, with spacersHeat aluminum to shrink tubing
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PVD Discharge Capacities (mL/s)
Run 1Run 2Run 3Run 4AverageFlow Reduction(%)Standard DeviationAmerdrain407240249244223278Amerdrain407F260220229240347Amerdrain607287290311281202Amerdrain417310255247262278Mebra-DrainMD-7407Typar 3407-1371290263316318Mebra-DrainMD-88447345404451173Blank692692457-No flowNo flow
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90 Crimp Test Results
Chart1
0.3130.1870.3720.189
0.3770.3320.4210.225
0.170.2170.2250.191
0.2970.1990.3870.202
0.38163972290.2150.2560.386
0.19076005960.1670.2020.124
CorrugatedHigh StrengthFabric
Fin
Corrugated
CorrugatedLow StrengthFabric
Corrugated
Dimple
HS 1
HS 1
HS 2
HS 3
Flow Reduction (%)
Matt Wright
Height (in)40
Head (psi)1.44
Analyst:Matt Wright
UNCRIMPED
Drain TypeMean Flow Rate (mL/s)Standard DeviationMean Flow Rate (mL/s)Standard DeviationFlow Reduction (%)
Ameridrain 607222.52.23E-046.87172.61.73E-043.8122.4%
Ameridrain 407115.81.16E-042.0286.28.62E-052.2325.6%
Ameridrain 407-F150.21.50E-042.1156.85.68E-051.5662.2%
MebraDrain-7407256.42.56E-045.32194.31.94E-044.2424.2%
MebraDrain-88391.23.91E-0410.88283.82.84E-043.5827.5%
UNCRIMPEDRolling Crimp
Drain TypeMean Flow Rate (mL/s)Standard DeviationMean Flow Rate (mL/s)Standard DeviationFlow Reduction (%)
Ameridrain 407-F150.21.50E-042.11150.911.51E-041.920%
MebraDrain-88391.23.91E-0410.88135.231.35E-041.1765.40%
Matt Cline 1
Height (in)40
Head (psi)1.44
Analyst:Matt Cline
Note:This test was performed using a different heat shrink jacket for each wick tested.
UNCRIMPED
Wick DrainCore TypeCost/ft ($)Mean Flow Rate (mL/s)Standard DeviationMean Flow Rate (mL/s)Standard DeviationFlow Reduction
Ameridrain 607Corrugated0.20163.01.63E-041.2151.01.51E-042.47.4%
Ameridrain 407Corrugated0.15115.81.16E-042.086.28.62E-052.425.6%
Ameridrain 407-FCorrugated0.15151.11.51E-044.357.85.78E-051.861.8%
Ameridrain 417DimpledNA231.72.32E-042.3118.31.18E-041.749.0%
MebraDrain-7407Corrugated0.10198.31.98E-044.598.89.88E-053.350.2%
MebraDrain-88H shaped Channels0.11328.13.28E-047.3306.43.06E-044.86.6%
UNCRIMPEDCURVE TEST
Wick DrainCore TypeCost/ft ($)Mean Flow Rate (mL/s)Standard DeviationMean Flow Rate (mL/s)Standard DeviationFlow Reduction
Ameridrain 607Corrugated0.20163.01.63E-041.2NA
Ameridrain 407Corrugated0.15115.81.16E-042.0NA
Ameridrain 407-FCorrugated0.15151.11.51E-044.3152.61.53E-043.3-1.0%
Ameridrain 417DimpledNA231.72.32E-042.3106.71.07E-041.353.9%
MebraDrain-7407Corrugated0.10198.31.98E-044.5NA
MebraDrain-88H shaped Channels0.11328.13.28E-047.3116.11.16E-042.964.6%***
Matt Cline:This drain is more rigid and crimps as is curves, causing the high flow reduction.
Matt Cline:No Reduction in Flow When Curved Slightly.
Matt Cline (2)
Height (in)40
Head (psi)1.44
Analyst:Matt Cline
Note:This test was performed using the same heat shrink jacket for each wick tested.
UNCRIMPED
Wick DrainCore TypeCost/ft ($)Mean Flow Rate (mL/s)Standard DeviationMean Flow Rate (mL/s)Standard DeviationFlow Reduction
Ameridrain 607Corrugated0.20287.32.87E-043.9238.42.38E-044.417.0%
Ameridrain 407Corrugated0.15239.642.40E-043.44304164.671.65E-043.6514831.3%
Ameridrain 407-FCorrugated0.15259.52.59E-043.6161.61.62E-042.837.7%
Ameridrain 417DimpledNA309.63.10E-042.7217.82.18E-042.729.7%
MebraDrain-7407Corrugated0.10371.13.71E-042.3229.52.30E-042.138.2%
MebraDrain-88H shaped Channels0.11427.04.27E-044.3394.33.94E-044.77.7%
MebraDrain-88 ReplicateH shaped Channels0.11447.34.47E-044.6362.03.62E-042.019.1%
BlankNone692.06.92E-0411.3
Matt Cline (3)
Height (in)40
Head (psi)1.44
Analyst:Matt Cline
Note:This test was performed using the same heat shrink jacket for each wick tested.
UNCRIMPED
Wick DrainCore TypeCost/ft ($)Mean Flow Rate (mL/s)Standard DeviationMean Flow Rate (mL/s)Standard DeviationFlow Reduction
Ameridrain 607Corrugated0.20289.72.90E-043.1224.62.25E-043.022.5%
Ameridrain 407Corrugated0.15248.602.49E-042.98887156.201.56E-042.8982837.2%
Ameridrain 407-FCorrugated0.15219.72.20E-041.5127.31.27E-041.842.1%
Ameridrain 407-F ReplicateCorrugated0.15220.82.21E-043.4123.31.23E-042.844.2%
Ameridrain 417DimpledNA255.32.55E-042.1156.41.56E-042.138.7%
MebraDrain-7407Corrugated0.10290.02.90E-042.8215.62.16E-041.725.6%
MebraDrain-88H shaped Channels0.11345.23.45E-044.1275.42.75E-043.020.2%
BlankNone692.06.92E-0411.3
Graph
Mixed
HS 1HS 1HS 2HS 325.6%
Amerdrain 40731.3%18.7%37.2%18.90%26.5%9.24%8.00%61.8%
Amerdrain 407-F37.7%33.2%42.1%22.50%33.9%8.41%7.28%7.4%
Amerdrain 60717.0%21.7%22.5%19.10%20.1%2.51%2.18%49.0%
Amerdrain 41729.7%19.9%38.7%20.20%27.1%8.96%7.76%50.2%
MebraDrain 740738.2%21.5%25.6%38.60%31.0%8.73%7.56%6.6%
MebraDrain 8819.1%16.7%20.2%12.40%17.1%3.45%2.99%33.4%
28.8%22.0%31.1%22.0%0.2361030848
0.09030468110.05816442210.09369898610.0882286801
Flow Red
Cost
0.1529.1%
0.1537.7%
0.0929.4%
0.2020.4%
0.1228.4%
0.1218.7%
Graph
CorrugatedHigh StrengthFabric
Fin
Corrugated
CorrugatedLow StrengthFabric
Corrugated
Dimple
HS 1
HS 1
HS 2
HS 3
Flow Reduction (%)
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Horizontal Discharge CapacityConforms to ASTM D4716 Measure lateral discharge through wick Compact soils; apply range of stresses
Measure discharge under increasing lateral stress
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Lateral Stress Test
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Soil TypesFour soils to be tested:Woodrow Wilson Bridge Interbedded sand and clayWest PointSoft clay with organicsCraney IslandMarine claySandy siltHigh shear strength, high permeability
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Woodrow Wilson Bridge Soil Characterization
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Craney Island Soil Characterization
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ConclusionsFin & corrugated high strength fabric performed best in crimp testCorrugated & dimple core perform similarlyCorrugated low strength fabric had highest flow reductionUsing same core, fabric strength influenced flow reduction, with strongest fabric showing the least reduction
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