why westward? why now? · workers from migrating internal improvements the west goals high...

3-5: Sectionalism1800-1860

Rise of Sectionalism

Panic of 1819◦ Oversupply of cheap

British goods

◦ U.S. industry suffered

◦ Tariffs raised prices

◦ Inflation

◦ Credit tightened

◦ Business slump

◦ Economic depression Most severe in west

New region with heavy speculation

Economic dependency

Least severe in south Less banking

More agriculture

Rise of Sectionalism

Missouri Crisis◦ 1819—Missouri applied

for statehood Slavery well-established

◦ NY Congressman proposes abolition Southern senators in uproar

Deadlock—even number of slave/free states

◦ Missouri Compromise Balance in Senate maintained

Missouri—slave

Maine—free

36º30’ line for Louisiana Territory

Defuses slavery issue

Rise of Sectionalism

The South◦ Goals Low tariffs

No internal improvements

Low-priced land

◦ Cotton Kingdom Eli Whitney—cotton

gin

Cotton profitable Increase in textile

manufacturing

Increase in demand for slave labor and westward expansion

Rise of Sectionalism

The North

◦ Goals High protective tariffs

Expensive land to keep workers from migrating

Internal improvements

The West

◦ Goals High protective tariffs

Low-priced land to encourage settlement

Internal improvements

◦ Advancement of Agriculture Eli Whitney—cotton gin,

interchangeable parts

Cyrus McCormick—mechanical reaper

John Deere—steel plow