when flexible routines meet flexible technologies
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When Flexible Routines Meet Flexible Technologies
Paul LeonardiNorthwestern University
Imbrication: MISQ 2011
1950s
Imbrication: MISQ 2011
1950s
?or X
Imbrication: MISQ 2011
1950s 1980s
Imbrication: MISQ 2011
1980s
?or X
Imbrication: MISQ 2011
1950s 1980s 2000s
Imbrication: MISQ 2011
2000s
?or?Imbrication: MISQ 2011
Routines: Patterns of Action. Action involves people interacting with other people and with technologies.
Technologies (in-practice): How people enroll technology into their routines. People follow routines when designing technologies and they use technologies to carry out routines
Imbrication: MISQ 2011
Human Agency
Material Agency
Imbrication: MISQ 2011
Imbrication: MISQ 2011
Human Agency:Practice of forming and attempting to realize one’s goals
Material Agency:Capacity of nonhuman entities to act on their own, apart from human intervention
Imbrication: MISQ 2011
Human Agency
Material Agency
Human Agency
Material Agency
Human Agency
Material Agency
Human Agency
Material Agency
Process of Organizing:
Imbrication: MISQ 2011
Imbrication:Arrangement of distinct elements in overlapping patterns so they function interdependently
Imbrication: MISQ 2011
Human Agency
Material Agency
Human Agency
Material Agency
Human Agency
Material Agency
Human Agency
Material Agency
Time
Imbrication: MISQ 2011
?
Perceptual Construction as Mechanism for ImbricationWithin the framework established by previous imbrications, people construct perceptions of whether they need to change their goals or change the the materials with which they work
Imbrication: MISQ 2011
Human Agency
Material Agency
Human Agency
Perception of Affordance
= Change in Routine
Imbrication: MISQ 2011
Human Agency
Material Agency
Human Agency
Material Agency
Perception of Affordance
Perception of Constraint
= Change in Tech= Change in Routine
Imbrication: MISQ 2011
Human Agency
Material Agency
Human Agency
Material Agency
Human Agency
Perception of Affordance
Perception of Constraint
Material Agency
Imbrication: MISQ 2011
Imbrication: MISQ 2011
Implications for Process Research
• To understand process, we need to understand:• People’s interactions with people• People’s interaction with things• (maybe) Things interaction with things
• Process research requires “zooming”• Scaling up from observations to frameworks
• Process research requires iterations of data analysis• Revised research design• Revised approach to analysis• Revised approach to writing up methods
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