wheat cap: mapping of wheat quality e. souza - usda-ars, wooster c. sneller, m. guttieri, n. smith...
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Wheat CAP: Mapping of Wheat Quality
E. Souza - USDA-ARS, Wooster C. Sneller, M. Guttieri, N. Smith – Ohio State University
AcknowledgmentsJorge Dubcovsky, UC Davis, – Project CoordinatorJamie Sherman, Montana State Univ. – Outreach CoordinatorCarl Griffey, Virginia Tech – Eastern US CoordinatorDuc Hua, Ohio State – Technical flour analysisAnne Sturbaum, USDA-ARS, Wooster – Association MappingGina Brown-Guediera, USDA-ARS Raleigh – Genotyping support
Mapping Project LeadersJ. Johnson – GA, C. Griffey – VA, H. Ohm, - IN, M. Sorrells – NY, C. Sneller - OH
Wheat Coordinated Agricultural Project
• Comprehensive mapping effort for wheat characteristics of economic value
• Manipulation of previously mapped or marked genes for the development of new varieties
Quality Traits for Marker Assisted Selection• Gluten Strength
– HMW Glutenins Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1– LMW Glutenins Glu-A3– Gliadins Gli-D1– Rye Translocations 1B/1R, 1A/1R
• Protein Concentration– Gpc-1
• Grain Hardness – Softer Hard Wheat PinA => PinB on 5D– Multiple loci for softness – Pina-Am1 on 5A
Quality Traits for Marker Assisted Selection• Pre-harvest sprouting
– Phs-1– Vp1
• Semolina color– Lr19 rust resistance linked to yellow pigment
• Starch structure – Amylose reducing (Waxy) Wx-1A, Wx-1B, and
Wx-1D
Effect of Glutenin and Rye Translocations in an Association Mapping Population with Genetic State
Determined by Markers 187 Soft winter wheat cultivars grown in 7 environments,
2007-2008.Background genetic effects adjusted by genetic similarity using
DArT markers
Glu-1Da
(2+12)
Glu-1Dd
(5+10)
Lacticacid
111.8% 118.3%
No. ofCultivars
125 51
1BL:1RS
RyeTransloc.
1BL:1BS
NoTransloc.
Lacticacid
103.3 % 114.6 %
No . of Cultivars
12 174
Difference sig. @ p<0.0015 Difference sig. @ p<0.0004
PI Pedigree Size Markers # of Envs
Sorrells Foster/Kanqueen 90+ 254 SSR and AFLP
(DArTs added)
3 (NY, OH)
Ohio State Foster/PIO 25R26 175 163 SSR 4 (OH, NY)
Johnson SS 550/PIO 26R46 150 153+ SSRs 4 OH
2 GA to do
Griffey Jaypee/USG 3209 125 220 SSR, 363 DArT 5 (VA,NC)
Ohm 92201/91193 190 383 DArT and SSR 4 (IN, NY, OH)
Sorrells Cayuga/Caledonia 155 256 SSR and AFLP
(DArTs added)
4 for Starch,
2 for others
Ohio State, USDA SWQL
Association Mapping:
Historical set
187 ~600 DArTs, SSRs, others
Populations & CurrentPhenotyping & Genotyping
• Water absorption • Starch damage• Pentosans• Flour Yield
• Gluten strength
• Softness Equivalent (SE)(break flour yield)
• Flour Protein (PRO)
• Test Weight (TW)
Key Components of Soft Wheat Quality Measured By OSU
ACT LIKE ONE TRAIT
Fl. Yield
WaterPentosan
Starch Dam.
r = -0.60, -0.90
42 Trait/Population combinationsSummary of R2 (x100) for 218 QTL
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Prote
in
Glu S
treng
th
Wat
er A
bs.
Starc
h Dam
.
Pento
san
Flour Y
ield
Soft E
qiv.
Trait
Nu
mb
er
of
QT
L
< 10
10 to 20
20 to 30
> 30
58% QTL < 10%28% QTL 10-20%14% QTL > 20%
R2 (x100), Location, Population of Three Largest Effect QTL
1st 2nd 3rd
Protein 26%, 1BL, 9/9 25%, 2BS, F/K 24%, 2BS, F/25
Glu Strgth 38%, IBCL, F/K 32%, 1BCL, F/25 31%, 1BCL, S/26
Water Abs 27%, 6BC, S/26 25%, 1BL, 9/9 25%, 1BL, F/K
Starch Dam 57%, 2BS, F/K 28%, 1BCL, J/U 28%, 1BL, 9/9
Pentosans 25%, 1BCL, J/U 24%, 2BS, F/25 22%, 6BC, S/26
Fl. Yield 30%, 1BCL, F/25 27%, 2BS, F/K 16%, 2BS, F/25
Soft Eq. 23%, 2BS, F/K 20%, 5AS, F/K 16%, 3BS, S/26
10/21 QTL from 1B7/21 from 2BS
R2 (x100) of QTL on 2B Short Arm
Fo/K Fo/25 S/26 Ja/U 9/9 Ca/C
Protein 25 24 19
Glu Strgth 9 5
Water Abs 18 2 11 9
Starch Dam
57† 7 11 10 12
Pentosans 17 24 8 7 8
Fl. Yield 27 16 8
Soft Eq. 23 13 5
= not significant † 90 lines
Association Mapping Populationof 187 Soft Winter Wheat Cultivars, 2007 & 2008
Grown in IN, KY OH, NY, and VA
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
< 1900 1901-1910
1911to
1920
1921to
1930
1931to
1940
1941to
1950
1951to
1960
1961to
1970
1971to
1980
1981to
1990
1991to
2000
> 2000
Year of Release
Nu
mb
er o
f E
ntr
ies
Effect of Milling QTL Chromosome 2B in an Association Mapping Population – XBarc10 marker
187 Soft winter wheat cultivars grown in 7 environments, 2007-2008.
Background genetic effects adjusted by genetic similarity using DArT markers
Barc10303 bp
Barc10
297 bp or
300 bp
BreakFlour(Softnessequiv.)
56.5% 58.8%
No . of Cultivars
87 91
Barc10303 bp
Barc10
297 bp or
300 bp
BreakFlour(Allis Mill)
30.7 % 33.5 %
No . of Cultivars
87 91
Difference sig. @ p<0.0007 Difference sig. @ p<0.0001
Effect of Dwarfing and Photoperiodism in an Association Mapping Population with Genetic State Determined by
Markers187 Soft winter wheat cultivars grown in 7 environments,
2007-2008.Background genetic effects adjusted by genetic similarity using
DArT markers
Tall Semi-dwarf
Rht1 or 2
BreakFlour(Softnessequiv.)
56.1% 58.8%
No . of Cultivars
70 112
P-period
Insensitive
P-period
Sensitive
BreakFlour(Softnessequiv.)
57.7 % 57.7 %
No . of Cultivars
46 129
Non-significant differenceDifference sig. @ p<0.0001
Discussion Points
• In soft wheat many of the quality traits are positively associated in terms of desirability– e.g. greater flour yield and lower water absorption
• Quality traits in all mapping populations are highly heritable
• Most of the quality traits are complex – multiple places in the genome
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