what is the oag?

What is the OAG?

a. A directory of North American and world airline flights and fares

b. An airline flight reservation system

c. A system for assignment of pro-numbers

d. A system for assignment of transportation commodity codes

What is the OAG?

a. A directory of North American and world airline flights and fares

b. c. d.

Airlines estimate that travel agents are responsible for up to what percent of their sales tickets?

a. 25b. 75c. 50d. 90

Airlines estimate that travel agents are responsible for up to what percent of their sales tickets?

a. b. c. d. 90

Rail computer systems identify cars for reconsignment and diversions. What are these cars called?

a. Rollersb. Passersc. Progressorsd. Tracers

Rail computer systems identify cars for reconsignment and diversions. What are these cars called?

a. Rollersb. c. d.

What is a pro-number?

a. The carrier name identificationb. A commodity codec. A location coded. A shipment identification numberse. The electronic transfer of funds

What is a pro-number?

a. b. c. A shipment identification numbersd.

SABRE, PARS, and DATAS II are airline systems designed for?

a. Back haul movementsb. Reservations and bookingsc. Electronic funds transferd. Car passing

SABRE, PARS, and DATAS II are airline systems designed for?

a. b. Reservations and bookingsc. d.

What type of motor carrier information system is used by carriers to relieve empty back hauls?

a. Reservationsb. Tracingc. Car passingd. Rate basing

What type of motor carrier information system is used by carriers to relieve empty back hauls?

a. Reservationsb. c. d.

Which type of computer system is used to computerize and transmit basic shipment documents?

a. STCCb. EFTc. EDId. OAG

Which type of computer system is used to computerize and transmit basic shipment documents?

a. b. c. EDId.

What information was generated when rail yard and junction personnel noted the car initials and numbers of each car moving through their yard or junction point?

a. Car rollingb. Mainstreamingc. Point basingd. Car passing

What information was generated when rail yard and junction personnel noted the car initials and numbers of each car moving through their yard or junction point?

a. b. c. d. Car passing

What is the process of rate retrieval and comparison with freight bill charges called?

a. Pre-comparisonb. Pre-auditc. Pre-parityd. Pre-posting

What is the process of rate retrieval and comparison with freight bill charges called?

a. b. Pre-auditc. d.

Which of the following facilitates the collection of freight bills?

a. EFTb. OAGc. STCCd. TOEF

Which of the following facilitates the collection of freight bills?

a. EFTb. c. d.

Which computer system processes, sorts, and reports information about competitors?

a. Telemarketingb. Teleintelligencec. Competitor tracingd. Market intelligence

Which computer system processes, sorts, and reports information about competitors?

a. b. c. d. Market intelligence

Computer applications for motor carrier shipment control typically require the entry of which data input in order to trace the shipment?

a. Standard commodity codesb. Rate basis positionc. Pro-numberd. Power distribution codes

Computer applications for motor carrier shipment control typically require the entry of which data input in order to trace the shipment?

a. b. c. Pro-numberd.

What is the carrier function called that keeps track of carrier power unit movements and operating crews?

a. Power distribution b. Tractor managementc. Fleet managementd. Scheduling analysis

What is the carrier function called that keeps track of carrier power unit movements and operating crews?

a. Power distributionb. c. d.

Which of the following would be considered the most expensive single transportation resource for a carrier?

a. Separate cargo-carrying devicesb. Containersc. Power unitsd. Vehicle operators

Which of the following would be considered the most expensive single transportation resource for a carrier?

a. b. c. Power unitsd.

Computer based maintenance systems are used to do which of the following?

a. Robotic depot level maintenance tasks

b. Robotic local level maintenance tasks

c. Transmit electronic instructionsd. Keep equipment maintenance

records

Computer based maintenance systems are used to do which of the following?

a. b. c. d. Keep equipment maintenance

records

What is the system called where shippers and receivers identify and measure critical quality attributes of service, and communicate them to carriers?

a. Quality insurance reportingb. Performance measurement

feedbackc. Attribute measurement reportingd. Quality process feedback

What is the system called where shippers and receivers identify and measure critical quality attributes of service, and communicate them to carriers?

a. b. Performance measurement

feedbackc. d.

Quality attributes of carrier service include all of the following except?

a. Modal selectionb. Transit time reliabilityc. Accuracy of shipment billing d. Loss and damage experience

Quality attributes of carrier service include all of the following except?

a. Modal selectionb. c. d.

The power of the ICC, prior to 1980, to establish minimum rates was essentially to protect which of the following?

a. Carriersb. Shippersc. The federal governmentd. The state governmentse. International transportation

The power of the ICC, prior to 1980, to establish minimum rates was essentially to protect which of the following?

a. Carriersb. c. d. e.

What was the purpose of the rule of rate making in the Transportation Act of 1920?

a. To establish upper limits on motor carrier rates

b. To eliminate discriminationc. To establish set criteria for water

carrier rate makingd. To allow the railroads a fair return

on their investment

What was the purpose of the rule of rate making in the Transportation Act of 1920?

a. b. c. d. To allow the railroads a fair return

on their investment

Which of the following best describes the atmosphere of the federal control of transportation from 1887 to 1920?

a. Positive; developing a strong transportation system

b. Restrictive; controlling the railroad monopoly

c. Adequate; helping shippers and carriers equally

d. Ambivalent; aiding neither shippers or carriers

Which of the following best describes the atmosphere of the federal control of transportation from 1887 to 1920?

a. b. Restrictive; controlling the

railroad monopolyc. d.

Entry regulations are established in transportation to control which of the following?

a. Excessive rates b. Excessive competitionc. Monopolistic abusesd. The recapture of excess profits

Entry regulations are established in transportation to control which of the following?

a. b. Excessive competitionc. d.

The Transportation Act of 1920 provided that in the event a railroad made more than the prescribed return on investment, one-half of the excess was to be paid off to the ICC. What was this provision called?

a. The recapture clauseb. The refund clausec. The rule of rate makingd. The contingency clause

The Transportation Act of 1920 provided that in the event a railroad made more than the prescribed return on investment, one-half of the excess was to be paid off to the ICC. What was this provision called?

a. The recapture clauseb. c. d.

What did the 3R Act establish?

a. Amtrakb. Conrailc. Government control over Amtrakd. Federal regulation of the pipeline

What did the 3R Act establish?

a. b. Conrailc. d.

Why is the Motor Carrier Act of 1935 considered to begin the era of intermodal regulation?

a. Because for the first time a concern for intramodal control was recognized

b. Because the federal government recognized that new modes of transportation would have to be created for national defense

c. Because this was the first major step toward regulating transportation at the federal level on an intermodal basis

d. Because the need was recognized to establish a common rule of rate making

Why is the Motor Carrier Act of 1935 considered to begin the era of intermodal regulation?

a. b. c. Because this was the first major

step toward regulating transportation at the federal level on an intermodal basis

d.

Which of the following created the Interstate Commerce Commission?

a. The Commission Organization Actb. The Act to Regulate Commercec. The Granger Lawd. The Transportation Act of 1920

Which of the following created the Interstate Commerce Commission?

a. b. The Act to Regulate Commercec. d.

Which of the following generally applies regarding the number of carriers serving a route under the dormant route provision of the Airline Deregulation Act?

a. Decreasedb. Remained the samec. Increasedd. Decreased at an increasing rate

Which of the following generally applies regarding the number of carriers serving a route under the dormant route provision of the Airline Deregulation Act?

a. b. c. Increasedd.

Which of the following is correct regarding the zone of reasonableness established for air carriers using the standard industry level as a basis?

a. Above 5-10 percent, below 50 percentb. Above 15-20 percent, below 50

percentc. Above 50 percent, below 5-10 percentd. Above 50 percent, below 15-20

percent

Which of the following is correct regarding the zone of reasonableness established for air carriers using the standard industry level as a basis?

a. Above 5-10 percent, below 50 percent

b. c. d.

The motor carriers zone of rate flexibility allows the carrier to increase or decrease rates by which percent without ICC approval?

a. 5b. 7c. 9d. 10

The motor carriers zone of rate flexibility allows the carrier to increase or decrease rates by which percent without ICC approval?

a. b. c. d. 10

Which agency administers the federal economic regulation of contract motor carriers?

a. Public Contract Commissionb. Contract Commerce Commissionc. Federal Interstate Commissiond. Interstate Commerce Commission

Which agency administers the federal economic regulation of contract motor carriers?

a. b. c. d. Interstate Commerce Commission

The Motor Carrier Act of 1980 established which of the following regarding rate bureaus?

a. After 1984, discussion and voting on single-line issues was permitted

b. The rate bureau cannot interfere with the independent actions of a carrier

c. Rate bureaus cannot divulge the names of rule or rate proponents , even if requested to do so

d. An antitrust exemption for rate bureau rate making

The Motor Carrier Act of 1980 established which of the following regarding rate bureaus?

a. b. The rate bureau cannot interfere

with the independent actions of a carrier

c. d.

Which rate making provision of the Staggers Rail Act provides the greatest potential for large volume shippers?

a. Contract ratesb. Released value ratesc. Exception tapersd. Commodity column discounts

Which rate making provision of the Staggers Rail Act provides the greatest potential for large volume shippers?

a. Contract ratesb. c. d.

What is the role of the rate bureau under the Staggers Rail Act?

a. Providing cost breakdowns to individual carriers

b. Being a forum for single-line rate discussions

c. Being a tariff publisherd. Preparing rate protests for non-

members to the ICC

What is the role of the rate bureau under the Staggers Rail Act?

a. b. c. Being a tariff publisherd.

Under the Staggers Rail Act, rail rates are considered to be reasonable if they contribute to the “going concern value” of the carrier. This is a rate that equals or exceeds which of the following?

a. Common costsb. Fixed costsc. Fully allocated costsd. Variable costs

Under the Staggers Rail Act, rail rates are considered to be reasonable if they contribute to the “going concern value” of the carrier. This is a rate that equals or exceeds which of the following?

a. b. c. d. Variable costs

Deregulation of the rail and motor carriers has made collective rate making by carriers subject to which of the following?

a. Rate bureau actionsb. Price discriminationc. Monopoliesd. Antitrust laws

Deregulation of the rail and motor carriers has made collective rate making by carriers subject to which of the following?

a. b. c. d. Antitrust laws

As a result of deregulation, carriers under the control of the ICC are subject to which of the following?

a. Antitrust lawsb. Answering to the ICC for safety

mattersc. Collective rate makingd. Small market zones

As a result of deregulation, carriers under the control of the ICC are subject to which of the following?

a. Antitrust lawsb. c. d.

The deregulation of the rail and motor carriers brought an end to which of the following?

a. Rate makingb. Collective rate makingc. Mergersd. Market entry

The deregulation of the rail and motor carriers brought an end to which of the following?

a. b. Collective rate makingc. d.

Which of the following is a justification for a national transportation policy?

a. To reduce the threat from the political unity provided by the transportation system

b. The limited commercial advantage of transportation to business activity

c. National dependence upon the transportation systems of other countries

d. The significance of transportation to society, business, carriers, and the government

Which of the following is a justification for a national transportation policy?

a. b. c. d. The significance of transportation

to society, business, carriers, and the government

Which of the following is not a purpose of national transportation policy?

a. To create inherent advantages for carriers

b. Establish guidelines to government agencies that make transportation decisions

c. To create a framework for the allocation of resources to transportation

d. Provide guidelines for the President for transportation decision making

Which of the following is not a purpose of national transportation policy?

a. To create inherent advantages for carriers

b. c. d.

How is the federal government’s role in transportation defined?

a. By state constitutionsb. By common law c. Through the laws, rules, and

funding programs that control and promote transportation

d. Through the administrative actions of the ICC, DOT, and FMC in directing and controlling the actions of individual carriers

How is the federal government’s role in transportation defined?

a. b. c. Through the laws, rules, and

funding programs that control and promote transportation

d.

“Inherent advantage” refers to identifying the superiority of a mode in terms of the _______.

a. Number of cities servedb. Speed of service c. Service frequencyd. Cost or service characteristics

“Inherent advantage” refers to identifying the superiority of a mode in terms of the _______.

a. b. c. d. Cost or service characteristics

National transportation policy concerns which of the following?

a. Promoting the profits of individual carriers

b. Preserving the inherent advantages of carriers

c. Insuring that carriers charge high rates to earn high profits

d. Allowing a select mode or carrier to enjoy a contrived absolute advantage over other carriers

National transportation policy concerns which of the following?

a. b. Preserving the inherent

advantages of carriersc. d.

Which of the following most clearly defines the role of the Secretary of Transportation?

a. Appointment of individuals to head the ICC an FMC

b. Develop policy regarding international transportation by air and water

c. Assisting the President in all transportation matters

d. Development of policies regarding energy availability and distribution

Which of the following most clearly defines the role of the Secretary of Transportation?

a. b. c. Assisting the President in all

transportation mattersd.

The statement of national transportation policy included in the transportation policy included in the Transportation Act of 1940 was directed to which of the following?

a. The National Transportation Policy Office

b. The CABc. The ICCd. The state governors

The statement of national transportation policy included in the transportation policy included in the Transportation Act of 1940 was directed to which of the following?

a. b. c. The ICCd.

Which mode of transportation is excluded from the declaration of national transportation policy?

a. Air

b. Motorc. Raild. Water

Which mode of transportation is excluded from the declaration of national transportation policy?

a. Airb. c. d.

The inherent advantage of the railroads relates to:

a. Accessibilityb. Speedc. Low costs for long haul

movementsd. Low costs for short haul

movements

The inherent advantage of the railroads relates to:

a. b. c. Low costs for long haul

movementsd.

Which of the following relates to the innate superiority of the pipelines?

a. Speedb. Short haul cost increasesc. Limited economy of scaled. Low cost

Which of the following relates to the innate superiority of the pipelines?

a. b. c. d. Low cost

Which of the following is descriptive of project planning?

a. It is a private activityb. The planning lowers the cost of living or

reduces the social costs of delay or congestion

c. The planning seeks to maximize financial returns

d. The planning seeks to provide services that will pay for themselves by providing programs that are profitable, not socially desirable

Which of the following is descriptive of project planning?

a. b. The planning lowers the cost of

living or reduces the social costs of delay or congestion

c. d.

Federal government promotion for the domestic water carriers includes all of the following except?

a. Construction of waterwaysb. Waterway maintenancec. Navigational aidsd. Loan subsidies for carriers

Federal government promotion for the domestic water carriers includes all of the following except?

a. b. c. d. Loan subsidies for carriers

Which mode of transportation receives no public financial support?

a. Airb. Pipelinesc. Waterd. Rail

Which mode of transportation receives no public financial support?

a. b. Pipelinesc. d.

The federal government provides the way for the air, water, and motor carriers. How do these carriers pay back the government for this assistance?

a. By raising taxesb. Lobbying for lower ratesc. Hauling government cargo free of

charged. By paying user charges

The federal government provides the way for the air, water, and motor carriers. How do these carriers pay back the government for this assistance?

a. b. c. d. By paying user charges

Forms of public aid for the air carriers include all of the following except:

a. Government guaranteed loans at no interest to individual carriers

b. Operating subsidies for short and medium non-jet flights to cities with low traffic volumes

c. Air traffic control facilitiesd. Capital investment for airport

facilities

Forms of public aid for the air carriers include all of the following except:

a. Government guaranteed loans at no interest to individual carriers

b. c. d.

The air, water, and motor carriers benefit from government promotion efforts. Which of the following is the greatest benefit received?

a. Providing the wayb. Providing rate subsidiesc. Providing loans and loan

guaranteesd. Providing inherent advantage

The air, water, and motor carriers benefit from government promotion efforts. Which of the following is the greatest benefit received?

a. Providing the wayb. c. d.

In the early years of the airline industry, what was the major revenue source of the airlines?

a. Air freightb. Passengersc. U.S. Postal Service subsidiesd. WWI troop movements for the DoD

In the early years of the airline industry, what was the major revenue source of the airlines?

a. b. c. U.S. Postal Service subsidiesd.

The only true form of nationalization in the U.S. transportation system is:

a. Amtrakb. The Alaska Railroadc. Conraild. The U.S. Post Office

The only true form of nationalization in the U.S. transportation system is:

a. b. The Alaska Railroadc. d.

Which of the following best reflects the direction for future transportation policy decisions?

a. More reliance on the marketplace and less on the economic regulation of transportation

b. A return to the strict economic regulation found prior to 1978-1980

c. Nationalization of the modes of transportation

d. Elimination of charges for transportation users to be replaced by general taxes because everyone benefits form transportation either directly or indirectly

Which of the following best reflects the direction for future transportation policy decisions?

a. More reliance on the marketplace and less on the economic regulation of transportation

b. c. d.

What is the relationship between the movement and storage elements of the logistics system?

a. Negative and indirectb. Negative and directc. Positive and indirectd. Positive and direct

What is the relationship between the movement and storage elements of the logistics system?

a. b. c. d. Positive and direct

Limiting the number of carriers used by a company, contracting with carriers for services, and negotiating with carriers for favorable rates, refer to which transportation decision makers?

a. Generalb. Small shipmentc. Bulk shipmentd. Logistics

Limiting the number of carriers used by a company, contracting with carriers for services, and negotiating with carriers for favorable rates, refer to which transportation decision makers?

a. Generalb. c. d.

Which of the following best describes the role of the shipper with respect to rates quoted by transportation carriers?

a. The shipper may negotiate with carriers for changes in rates

b. Shippers have little influence over rates in light of the current regulatory structure

c. Shippers decide on the level of rates quoted by carriers

d. Shippers must request rate changes through the governing rate bureau

Which of the following best describes the role of the shipper with respect to rates quoted by transportation carriers?

a. The shipper may negotiate with carriers for changes in rates

b. c. d.

How do traffic management activities benefit the firm?

a. By lowering transportation costsb. By reducing customer satisfactionc. By crating form utilityd. By creating ownership utility

How do traffic management activities benefit the firm?

a. By lowering transportation costsb. c. d.

Which goal is employed by traffic management in performing the acquisition and control of transportation services for the firm?

a. Goal of least returnsb. Goal of maximum benefitc. Goal of minimum total logistics

expensed. Goal of diminishing returns to

scale

Which goal is employed by traffic management in performing the acquisition and control of transportation services for the firm?

a. b. c. Goal of minimum total logistics

expensed.

Claims by shippers against common carriers may arise from which of the following?

a. Low rates chargedb. Freight bill overchargesc. Prompt deliveryd. Demurrage

Claims by shippers against common carriers may arise from which of the following?

a. b. Freight bill overchargesc. d.

What is the traffic management activity called that involves checking the accuracy of a carrier’s freight bill after it has been paid?

a. Expeditingb. Auditingc. Ratingd. Demurrage

What is the traffic management activity called that involves checking the accuracy of a carrier’s freight bill after it has been paid?

a. b. Auditing c. d.

A carrier’s service characteristic of length of transit time is important to a shipper because of the effect on the shipper’s:

a. regulation indexb. Ability to negotiate favorable

ratesc. Demurrage rated. Inventory requirements and

warehouse costs

A carrier’s service characteristic of length of transit time is important to a shipper because of the effect on the shipper’s:

a. b. c. d. Inventory requirements and

warehouse costs

Which of the following is a charge levied by a motor carrier on a shipper for holding carrier equipment beyond an acceptable time?

a. Dunnageb. Demurragec. Detentiond. Debarkation

Which of the following is a charge levied by a motor carrier on a shipper for holding carrier equipment beyond an acceptable time?

a. b. c. Detentiond.

Hidden charges related to evaluating rates charged by carriers include all of the following except?

a. Reciprocityb. Cargo insurancec. Packagingd. Pickup and delivery

Hidden charges related to evaluating rates charged by carriers include all of the following except?

a. Reciprocityb. c. d.

Which transport cost uses pallets, racks, or bulkheads to protect shipments form movement and damage?

a. Reciprocityb. Bracing / dunnage c. Demurrage / detentiond. Loss and damage experience

Which transport cost uses pallets, racks, or bulkheads to protect shipments form movement and damage?

a. b. Bracing / dunnagec. d.

The pipelines account for what percent of total transportation revenues?

a. 3b. 10c. 25d. 75

The pipelines account for what percent of total transportation revenues?

a. 3b. c. d.

The low rates of the pipelines are complemented by additional user cost related factors of a good loss and damage record and which of the following?

a. Pickup and deliveryb. Completeness of servicec. Providing a warehousing functiond. Fast transit times

The low rates of the pipelines are complemented by additional user cost related factors of a good loss and damage record and which of the following?

a. b. c. Providing a warehousing functiond.

Which mode of transportation has no backhaul?

a. Railroadsb. Pipelinesc. Waterd. Motor carriers

Which mode of transportation has no backhaul?

a. b. Pipelinesc. d.

Which of the following is characteristic of the pipeline mode of transportation?

a. The carriers assume no liability for loss and damage

b. A broad range of commodities are transported

c. Limited geographic and commodity flexibility

d. Backhaul is a major problem

Which of the following is characteristic of the pipeline mode of transportation?

a. b. c. Limited geographic and

commodity flexibilityd.

Which mode of transportation is most frequently used to move oil products from the market-oriented tank farm to the customer?

a. Motor carrierb. Railc. Slurryd. Natural gas

Which mode of transportation is most frequently used to move oil products form the market-oriented tank farm to the customer?

a. Motor carrierb. c. d.

The most serious threats to the pipeline industry are from which form of competition?

a. Pureb. Natural gasc. Intramodald. Intermodal

The most serious threats to the pipeline industry are from which form of competition?

a. b. c. d. Intermodal

Which segment of the pipeline industry has the largest number of miles of intercity pipelines?

a. Natural gasb. Oilc. Gathering linesd. Trunk lines

Which segment of the pipeline industry has the largest number of miles of intercity pipelines?

a. Natural gasb. c. d.

What reason makes the pipelines basically responsible for their own safety levels?

a. The private ownership of the pipelines

b. The government policy of laissez faire for the pipelines

c. The small annual percentage of DoT pipeline inspections

d. The industry refusal to submit to government regulation

What reason makes the pipelines basically responsible for their own safety levels?

a. b. c. The small annual percentage of

DoT pipeline inspectionsd.

Deregulation allows m/c to increase their service areas, how have shippers responded?

a. By increasing their modal utilizationb. By refusing many of the services

offered by carriersc. By dealing with a reduced number of

carriersd. By asking that more and more

services be provided at lower prices

Deregulation allows m/c to increase their service areas, how have shippers responded?

a. b. c. By dealing with a reduced number

of carriersd.

Which mode of transportation hauls approximately 16 percent of the total national freight transported?

a. Railb. Pipelinec. Waterd. Motor carriers

Which mode of transportation hauls approximately 16 percent of the total national freight transported?

a. b. c. Water d.

Which of the following pairs are only for-hire carriers?

a. Company-owned and exempt carriers

b. Regulated and private carriersc. Exempt and private carriersd. Regulated and exempt carriers

Which of the following pairs are only for-hire carriers?

a. b. c. d. Regulated and exempt carriers

According to the ICC organization of the domestic water carriers, initially organized or divided?

a. As for-hire and private carriersb. As regulated and exempt carriersc. As common and exempt carriersd. As internal water and Great Lakes

carriers

According to the ICC organization of the domestic water carriers, initially organized or divided?

a. As for-hire and private carriersb. c. d.

The disruption of service for domestic water transportation users during the winter months tends to increase which user cost?

a. Fixed b. Common c. Energy d. Inventory

The disruption of service for domestic water transportation users during the winter months tends to increase which user cost?

a. b. c. d. Inventory

Which of the following is a major factor in limiting the economies of scale for water carriers?

a. The high proportion of fixed costsb. The high proportion of variable

costsc. Cabotage lawsd. The carrier ownership of the

waterways

Which of the following is a major factor in limiting the economies of scale for water carriers?

a. b. The high proportion of variable

costsc. d.

Which of the following are the major category of variable expenses for water carriers?

a. Labor, fuel, and user chargesb. Depreciation and amortizationc. Renting operating equipment and

facilitiesd. Maintenance expenses

Which of the following are the major category of variable expenses for water carriers?

a. Labor, fuel, and user chargesb. c. d.

What is the purpose of the storage facilities at water ports?

a. To hold seasonal demand products until the demand is realized

b. To hold cargo for loading on surface transportation or on barge or ship

c. For commercial long-term storage of commodities because the port has excess land that can be utilized for storage

d. Because on-board storage is not economical

What is the purpose of the storage facilities at water ports?

a. b. To hold cargo for loading on

surface transportation or on barge or ship

c. d.

What is the main function of a steamship conference?

a. To coordinate meetings of ship owners

b. to set acceptable rates for steamships and shippers

c. To evaluate requests for waiver of cabotage laws by foreign water carriers

d. To draw up service contracts for foreign water carriers

What is the main function of a steamship conference?

a. b. To set acceptable rates for

steamships and shippers c. d.

Which is the proportion of variable costs to fixed costs in the cost structure of the air carriers?

a. 40/60b. 60/40c. 80/20d. 20/80

Which is the proportion of variable costs to fixed costs I the cost structure of the air carriers?

a. b. c. 80/20d.

Which is a contributor to air transportation’s major service characteristic of speed?

a. Smaller airline market areasb. Private investment in the airwaysc. Private investment in airportsd. Automated information processing

systems

Which is a contributor to air transportation’s major service characteristic of speed?

a. b. c. d. Automated information processing

systems

Class I railroads carry what percentage of total intercity ton-miles of freight transported by mode?

a. 50b. 60c. 75d. 98

Class I railroads carry what percentage of total intercity ton-miles of freight transported by mode?

a. b. c. d. 98

Over 50% of railroads’ revenue dollar is expended for?

a. Maintenance “way” expensesb. Labor costsc. Depreciationd. Fuel costs

Over 50% of railroads’ revenue dollar is expended for?

a. b. Labor costs c. d.

Which is the major cause of poor financial performance of the RR since the Staggers Rail Act of 1980?

a. Declining economies of scale due to greater “way” costs

b. Rate compression caused by intra- and intermodal competition

c. RR rates were so high business shifted to other modes

d. Increases in intermodal movements that shifted business from RR

Which is the major cause of poor financial performance of the RR since the Staggers Rail Act of 1980?

a. b. Rate compression caused by intra-

and intermodal competitionc. d.

Which of the following has not improved for RR since the Staggers Rail Act of 1980?

a. Customer service levelsb. Safety performancec. Intermodal movementsd. Financial performance

Which of the following has not improved for RR since the Staggers Rail Act of 1980?

a. b. c. d. Financial performance

Conrail was established by?

a. Rail Passenger Service Act of 1970b. Regional Rail Reorganization Act

of 1973c. Rail Revitalization and Regulatory

Reform Act of 1976d. Staggers Rail Act of 1980

Conrail was established by?

a. b. Regional Rail Reorganization Act

of 1973c. d.

Why do railroads have an advantage over other modes in rate/price wars?

a. High equipment costsb. Relatively low variable costsc. Longer routesd. Low overhead

Why do railroads have an advantage over other modes in rate/price wars?

a. b. Relatively low variable costsc. d.

Which of the following is correct regarding value of service pricing?

a. The model is used to determine the lower limit of freight rates

b. The model considers the supply side of the transportation pricing function

c. The value of the product s considered to be irrelevant in the determination of the freight rate

d. The model considers the ability of the commodity to bear a charge

Which of the following is correct regarding value of service pricing?

a. b. c. d. The model considers the ability of

the commodity to bear a charge

Selection of air freight transportation, over a motor carrier, even if the choice increases transportation costs, might be justified if:

a. The reputation of the company is improved through the use of higher priced transportation

b. The customer receives the order before the ordered delivery date

c. Total logistics costs are loweredd. Transit time is not a factor

Selection of air freight transportation, over a motor carrier, even if the choice increases transportation costs, might be justified if:

a. b. c. Total logistics costs are loweredd.

All of the following can be employed to increase carrier operational efficiency except:

a. Frequent scheduling with numerous stops and pickup points

b. Making continuous, straight-line moves

c. Minimizing intermediate handlingd. Maximizing the vehicle’s load

carried on each movement

All of the following can be employed to increase carrier operational efficiency except:

a. Frequent scheduling with numerous stops and pickup points

b. c. d.

Assuming the cost to place an order is constant, increasing Q* causes annual order cost to:

a. Decreaseb. Increasec. Remain the samed. Cannot be determined

Assuming the cost to place an order is constant, increasing Q* causes annual order cost to:

a. Decreaseb. c. d.

As customer service levels approach higher levels (80-90%)), required inventory levels begin to _______at a(n)________ rate.

a. Increase; increasingb. Increase; decreasingc. Decrease; decreasingd. Decrease; increasing

As customer service levels approach higher levels (80-90%)), required inventory levels begin to _______at a(n)________ rate.

a. Increase; increasingb. c. d.

ABC analysis is designed to:

a. Determine the optimum mix between private and common carriers

b. Determine what inventory should be “marked down”

c. Determine the optimum level of customer service standards that each customer should receive

d. Sort inventory in alphabetical order

ABC analysis is designed to:

a. b. c. Determine the optimum level of

customer service standards that each customer should receive

d.

All of the following are reasons for holding inventory except:

a. Inventories enable specialization in manufacturing

b. Inventories eliminate the variation in supply and demand

c. Inventories enable the firm to achieve economies of scale

d. Inventories provide protection from uncertainties in demand in the order cycle

e. Inventories act as a buffer between critical interfaces within the channel of distribution

All of the following are reasons for holding inventory except:

a. b. Inventories eliminate the variation

in supply and demandc. d. e.

Which is an impossible description of raw material?

a. Ubiquitous and pureb. Weight losing and ubiquitousc. Pure and localizedd. Weight losing and puree. None of the above

Which is an impossible description of raw material?

a. b. c. d. Weight losing and puree.

Which is not a principle reason for holding finished goods inventory?

a. Purchase economiesb. Speculative investments in raw

materialsc. Improvement of customer serviced. Transportation economiese. Prevention of production

shutdowns

Which is not a principle reason for holding finished goods inventory?

a. b. c. d. e. Prevention of production

shutdowns

Demurrage is a charge for:

a. penalty charge for going beyond normal load/unloading time

b. penalty charge for being late with delivery

c. penalty charged for freight auditsd. penalty charge when a rate shark

examines all paid freight bills and spots overpayment due to wrong classification, wrong classification, wrong weight, or duplicate payment

Demurrage is a charge for:

a. penalty charge for going beyond normal load/unloading time

b. c. d.

Which of the following is false?

a. As product value increases, transportation costs increase

b. as product value increases, packaging costs decrease

c. as product value increases, inventory costs increase

d. as product value increases, warehousing costs increase

Which of the following is false?

a. b. as product value increases,

packaging costs decreasec. d.

Which is not among the underpinnings of the JIT approach?

a. Consistent lead timesb. small replenishment quantities c. zero inventoriesd. high quality, or zero defects

Which is not among the underpinnings of the JIT approach?

a. b. c. zero inventoriesd.

Which is false?

a. As product value increases, transportation costs increase

b. as product value increases, packaging costs decrease

c. as product value increases, inventory costs increase

d. as product value increases, warehousing costs increase

Which is false?

a. b. as product value increases,

packaging costs decreasec. d.

In the EOQ formula: The square root over 2RS/KC; What does the K stand for?

a. Order costb. lead timec. delivered purchased costd. carry cost percentage

In the EOQ formula: The square root over 2RS/KC; What does the K stand for?

a. b. c. d. carry cost percentage

FAK rates make the most strategic sense for companies shipping:

a. heavy, bulky itemsb. a variety of different types and

classes of items c. light, but small items d. one or two different types and

classes of items

FAK rates make the most strategic sense for companies shipping:

a. b. a variety of different types and

classes of items c. d.

We can compare the cost of shipping at a higher volume than actual weight to realize a lower rate and lower shipping cost of shipping at the actual weight by determining the weight break formula:

a. LV rate * WB = HV rate * MWb. WB * LV rate = MW * HV ratec. HV rate * LV rate = WB * MWd. HV rate * LV rate = WB * MW

We can compare the cost of shipping at a higher volume than actual weight to realize a lower rate and lower shipping cost of shipping at the actual weight by determining the weight break formula:

a. b. WB * LV rate = MW * HV ratec. d.

JIT is a :

a. independent push systemb. independent pull systemc. dependent pull systemd. dependent push system

JIT is a :

a. b. c. dependent pull systemd.

Companies don’t manage their inbound transportation for all the following reasons except:

a. They have lower transportation costs than the suppliers could offer

b. the traffic function is decentralizedc. their customer is the channel

captaind. suppliers have better tracking and

auditing capability

Companies don’t manage their inbound transportation for all the following reasons except:

a. They have lower transportation costs than the suppliers could offer

b. c. d.

Contribution pricing theory requires:

a. rates must cover fixed costs, variable costs, and planned profit

b. rates must cover fixed costs, variable costs, and marginal profit

c. rates must cover only fixed and variable costs

d. rates must cover variable costs

Contribution pricing theory requires:

a. b. c. d. rates must cover variable costs

Which of the following is correct regarding the behavior of the fixed costs of private trucking and the number of miles operated?

a. The more the miles driven, the higher the fixed cost per mile

b. the less the miles driven, the lower the fixed cost per mile

c. fixed costs increase proportionately to the number of miles driven

d. the fixed cost per mile varies inversely with the number of miles operated per year

Which of the following is correct regarding the behavior of the fixed costs of private trucking and the number of miles operated?

a. b. c. d. the fixed cost per mile varies

inversely with the number of miles operated per year

Which refers to a situation where a charge is levied by a motor carrier on a shipper for holding carrier equipment beyond an acceptable loading or unloading time?

a. Dunnageb. demurragec. detentiond. debarkation

Which refers to a situation where a charge is levied by a motor carrier on a shipper for holding carrier equipment beyond an acceptable loading or unloading time?

a. b. c. detentiond.

What is the load factor for a month that has an air carrier with a plane that holds 120 pax and carries 75 pax each trip?

a. 75b. 120c. 62.5d. 1.6

What is the load factor for a month that has an air carrier with a plane that holds 120 pax and carries 75 pax each trip?

a. b. c. 62.5d.

If a railroad carries more freight which increases its revenues by, say 10%, but its costs increase by only 5%, what effect will this have on its “operating ratio”?

a. Decrease itb. Increase itc. Have no effectd. In crease it first then decrease it

If a railroad carries more freight which increases its revenues by, say 10%, but its costs increase by only 5%, what effect will this have on its “operating ratio”?

a. Decrease itb. c. d.

You look at a map and all you see is Interstates I-15 and I-94, which region are you looking at?

a. Northeasternb. Southeasternc. Northwesternd. Southwestern

You look at a map and all you see is Interstates I-15 and I-94, which region are you looking at?

a. b. c. Northwesternd.

Which international channel strategy has a major drawback; the potential that the foreign firm with whom your company works, could become a future direct competitor?

a. Exporting b. Importing c. Joint ventured. Licensinge. Ownership

Which international channel strategy has a major drawback; the potential that the foreign firm with whom your company works, could become a future direct competitor?

a. b. c. d. Licensinge.

The goals of an efficient carrier would include which of the following?

a. Minimization of sales volumesb. Profitabilityc. Collaborative rate making with

competing carriersd. Total cost maximization subject to

a public mandate

The goals of an efficient carrier would include which of the following?

a. b. Profitabilityc. d.

Which is a basic characteristic of a carrier’s transportation product?

a. It is a durable goodb. It cannot be stored c. It is readily measurabled. The demand exceeds the supply

Which is a basic characteristic of a carrier’s transportation product?

a. b. It cannot be storedc. d.

What is the behavior of the per unit cost as the loaded weight of a shipment in a vehicle approaches the vehicle’s maximum load weight?

a. Increasesb. Decreasesc. Is non-lineard. Increases and decreases cyclically

What is the behavior of the per unit cost as the loaded weight of a shipment in a vehicle approaches the vehicle’s maximum load weight?

a. b. Decreasesc. d.

Which is the basic strategy employed by the airlines when standby fares are offered?

a. Increase travel agency responseb. increase airport waiting room

utilizationc. encourage travelers to travel at

cheap ratesd. maximize aircraft capacity

Which is the basic strategy employed by the airlines when standby fares are offered?

a. b. c. d. maximize aircraft capacity

Replacement of a 450 passenger with 600 passenger aircraft is an example of which principle?

a. Maximizing vehicle capacityb. minimizing empty mileagec. economies of scaled. consumer satisfaction

Replacement of a 450 passenger with 600 passenger aircraft is an example of which principle?

a. b. c. Economies of scaled.

The economies of high capital investment require

a. equipment to be adapted to market requirements

b. high equipment utilizationc. minimization of vehicle weightd. standardization of equipment

The economies of high capital investment require

a. b. High equipment utilizationc. d.

Carrier use of standardized equipment results in cost savings from which of the following?

a. Long-haul economiesb. billingc. spare parts inventoriesd. schedule frequency

Carrier use of standardized equipment results in cost savings from which of the following?

a. b. c. spare parts inventoriesd.

Hub and spoke emphasizes route structures with few stops. Thus, demand is limited to non-stop and one-stop routes.

a. Both trueb. first true, 2nd falsec. first false, 2nd trued. both false

Hub and spoke emphasizes route structures with few stops. Thus, demand is limited to non-stop and one-stop routes.

a. b. c. d. Both false

The reason carriers (air, m/c, rail) seek long-term market commitments includes all except:

a. to become financially and operationally independent on any customer

b. to secure tangible commitments from customers for obtaining funds to purchase equipment

c. to guarantee terminal spaced. to purchase equipment for specific

customer demands

The reason carriers (air, m/c, rail) seek long-term market commitments includes all except:

a. to become financially and operationally independent on any customer

b. c. d.

Carrier management problems relating to dispersal, the employee representative, and minimal supervision are all related to a common factor of:

a. competitionb. regulationc. the military nature of

transportation activitiesd. the geographic scope of

operations

Carrier management problems relating to dispersal, the employee representative, and minimal supervision are all related to a common factor of:

a. b. c. d. the geographic scope of

operations

Which is descriptive of the evolution of carrier management and organizational structures?

a. Strong vertical hierarchies, with operations, marketing, and finance depts.

b. Weak horizontal hierarchies with project and matrix management depts.

c. Strong diagonal hierarchies with overlapping authority organized on a project basis

d. project management organization with modal departments

Which is descriptive of the evolution of carrier management and organizational structures?

a. Strong vertical hierarchies, with operations, marketing, and finance depts.

b. c. d.

Single accountability for transportation product is minimal. All of the following are reasons for the limited service accountability except

a. carrier operating responsibilities are divided into distinct regions, districts, or divisions

b. transportation service standards are obsolete

c. shipments pass through the responsibility areas of several top operating managers

d. several carriers may participate in a shipment

Single accountability for transportation product is minimal. All of the following are reasons for the limited service accountability except

a. b. transportation service standards

are obsoletec. d.

Pickup and delivery terminals are places where the following takes place except

a. cargo or pax are collected and consolidated

b. freight is classifiedc. local dispatching is carried outd. freight in the middle of a long-haul

movement is reclassified

Pickup and delivery terminals are places where the following takes place except

a. b. c. d. freight in the middle of a long-haul

movement is reclassified

What is the motor carrier task called that involves breaking down freight from local pickup vehicles, and consolidating it into long-haul vehicles?

a. Sortingb. ratingc. billingd. local dispatching

What is the motor carrier task called that involves breaking down freight from local pickup vehicles, and consolidating it into long-haul vehicles?

a. Sortingb. c. d.

What is the carrier facility called that performs the intermediate function of reclassifying and sorting freight?

a. A freight forwarder terminalb. a local terminalc. a break-bulk terminald. a warehouse

What is the carrier facility called that performs the intermediate function of reclassifying and sorting freight?

a. b. c. a break-bulk terminald.

Which is an advantage of the large terminal concept?

a. More intermediate handlingb. larger terminals have handling

economies of scalec. shorter pickup and delivery runsd. pickup and delivery runs cover

large areas

Which is an advantage of the large terminal concept?

a. b. larger terminals have handling

economies of scalec. d.

Which is an advantage of the satellite terminal concept?

a. Lower costs of labor and handlingb. less intermediate handlingc. shorter pickup and delivery runsd. handling economies of scale

Which is an advantage of the satellite terminal concept?

a. b. c. shorter pickup and delivery runsd.

Which best describes the nature of transportation

a. a serviceb. a productc. tangibled. an unproductive element in the

economy

Which best describes the nature of transportation

a. a serviceb. c. d.

Movement service, equipment used, and the cost of the transportation service make the purchase of transportation similar to:

a. traffic management b. logistics managementc. buying servicesd. buying goods

Movement service, equipment used, and the cost of the transportation service make the purchase of transportation similar to:

a. traffic management b. logistics managementc. buying servicesd. buying goods

Movement service, equipment used, and the cost of the transportation service make the purchase of transportation similar to:

a. b. c. d. buying goods

The charge or rate quoted by the primary carrier, as well as packaging requirements, damage or retention charges, and charges for refrigeration or heat, represent which characteristic of purchasing transportation services?

a. Movement serviceb. cost of the transportation servicec. the equipment used d. logistics services

The charge or rate quoted by the primary carrier, as well as packaging requirements, damage or retention charges, and charges for refrigeration or heat, represent which characteristic of purchasing transportation services?

a. b. cost of the transportation servicec. d.

Which of the following best describes the transportation product?

a. A physical, tangible productb. a bundle of servicesc. a physical intangible productd. a bundle of goods

Which of the following best describes the transportation product?

a. b. a bundle of servicesc. d.

Which of the following is the basic function of transportation?

a. To provide movement for servicesb. to restrict life stylesc. to support transportation

networksd. to provide the market with access

to products

Which of the following is the basic function of transportation?

a. b. c. d. to provide the market with access

to products

Movement service, equipment used, and cost of the service describe the characteristics of which of the following?

a. Modern transportationb. the transportation servicec. location theoryd. traffic management

Movement service, equipment used, and cost of the service describe the characteristics of which of the following?

a. b. the transportation service c. d.

Water transportation provided the foundation for a great society in ancient Egypt. Which of the following is not a reason why water transportation was important to ancient Egypt>

a. national defenseb. a way to communicatec. transporting goodsd. eminent domain

Water transportation provided the foundation for a great society in ancient Egypt. Which of the following is not a reason why water transportation was important to ancient Egypt>

a. b. c. d. eminent domain

Which of the following modes of transportation contributed to the early growth and development of the U.S.?

a. Motor b. railc. aird. space

Which of the following modes of transportation contributed to the early growth and development of the U.S.?

a. b. Railc. d.

Which of the following is necessary for large scale production to take place?

a. Time value b. transportation systemsc. geographic specializationd. eminent domain

Which of the following is necessary for large scale production to take place?

a. b. transportation systemsc. d.

Transportation increases land values by

a. including the land as part of the product’s laid-down cost

b. increasing large scale productionc. making the land more accessible

and more usefuld. increasing the time and place

utility of the land

Transportation increases land values by

a. b. c. making the land more accessible

and more usefuld.

What kind of utility is crated when a product is at a market when there is a demand for it?

a. Placeb. timec. form d. possession

What kind of utility is crated when a product is at a market when there is a demand for it?

a. b. Timec. d.

Which of the following modes of transportation hauls the least ton-miles of freight, in any given year?

a. Railb. motorc. air d. water

Which of the following modes of transportation hauls the least ton-miles of freight, in any given year?

a. b. c. air d.

Which mode of transportation hauls the largest share of freight intercity ton-miles?

a. Railb. pipelinec. motord. water

Which mode of transportation hauls the largest share of freight intercity ton-miles?

a. Railb. c. d.

In the U.S., the most serious environmental impact of transportation is

a. land pollutionb. scenic pollutionc. water pollutiond. air pollution

In the U.S., the most serious environmental impact of transportation is

a. b. c. d. air pollution

Which of the following represents the present trend in accidents associated with freight transportation?

a. Increasingb. decreasingc. no trend is presentd. decreasing at an increasing rate

Which of the following represents the present trend in accidents associated with freight transportation?

a. Increasingb. c. d.

Under which of the following conditions is society likely to accept the pollution effects of transportation?

a. When the transportation benefits far exceed the costs

b. when the transportation costs increase the price of land

c. when a comparative advantage is reduced

d. when costs exceed relevant opportunity costs

Under which of the following conditions is society likely to accept the pollution effects of transportation?

a. When the transportation benefits far exceed the costs

b. c. d.

The fact that the transportation industry is utilizing fewer human resources, is a reflection of which:

a. the increasing labor-intensity of the industry

b. the decreasing capital-intensity of the industry

c. the increasing capital-intensity of the industry

d. the decreasing labor/capital-intensity ratio

The fact that the transportation industry is utilizing fewer human resources, is a reflection of which:

a. b. c. the increasing capital-intensity of

the industry d.

The government exercises decision making power over transportation in the public interest through?

a. Society b. users of transportationc. the rail lobbyd. the various regulatory agencies

The government exercises decision making power over transportation in the public interest through?

a. b. c. d. the various regulatory agencies

Which of the following reflects the role of the user in regards to transportation decisions?

a. Determining the demands of the systems and the services to be offered

b. making decisions in light of total modal use

c. making decisions that will maximize the relevant consumer-oriented goals

d. making decisions that establish the importance of each mode to the economy

Which of the following reflects the role of the user in regards to transportation decisions?

a. b. c. making decisions that will

maximize the relevant consumer-oriented goals

d.

Which has affected how carriers have organized, priced, sold and managed their services and operations in the 80’s and impacted how they will act in the future?

a. Regulationb. deregulationc. naturalizationd. denaturalization

Which has affected how carriers have organized, priced, sold and managed their services and operations in the 80’s and impacted how they will act in the future?

a. b. Deregulationc. d.

Which of the following is the advantage of the motor carriers over the other modes of transportation?

a. The minimal regulation imposed on the motor carriers relative to the other modes

b. the level of flexibility in the motor carrier’s cost structure

c. the accessibility of the motor carrier for pickup and delivery

d. the economy of scale realized from long-haul moves

Which of the following is the advantage of the motor carriers over the other modes of transportation?

a. b. c. the accessibility of the motor

carrier for pickup and deliveryd.

Which of the following is the motor carrier’s fractional share of the transportation freight market based on revenue ton-miles?

a. 1/8b. 1/4c. 1/3d. 1/2

Which of the following is the motor carrier’s fractional share of the transportation freight market based on revenue ton-miles?

a. b. 1/4c. d.

Which of the following is an important reason for the motor carriers industry being composed of a large number of small carriers?

a. The high capital requirements for industry entry

b. the strict entry requirements imposed by the ICC

c. the Small Business Administration being given the authority to admit small carrier entry into he industry

d. the limited capital needed to enter the industry

Which of the following is an important reason for the motor carriers industry being composed of a large number of small carriers?

a. b. c. d. the limited capital needed to enter

the industry

Which motor carrier service characteristic benefits buyers and sellers in terms of lower inventory levels and inventory carrying cost?

a. Economy of scaleb. small carrying capacity c. freight pickup and deliveryd. cargo safety

Which motor carrier service characteristic benefits buyers and sellers in terms of lower inventory levels and inventory carrying cost?

a. b. small carrying capacityc. d.

According to the organization of the motor carrier industry, how are the carriers primarily separated?

a. As general commodity and special commodity carriers

b. as common and contract carriersc. as regulated and exempt carriersd. as for-hire and private carriers

According to the organization of the motor carrier industry, how are the carriers primarily separated?

a. b. c. d. as for-hire and private carriers

The majority of for-hire regulated motor carriers are in which ICC classification?

a. Class I b. Class IIc. Class IIId. Class IV

The majority of for-hire regulated motor carriers are in which ICC classification?

a. b. Class IIc. d.

Motor carriers dominate the market for which of the following?

a. 10,000 pounds or less and 100 miles or less

b. 100,000 pounds or more and 34,000 miles or more

c. bulk commoditiesd. low-value goods

Motor carriers dominate the market for which of the following?

a. 10,000 pounds or less and 100 miles or less

b. c. d.

Which of the following absorbs the largest percentage of a carrier’s revenue dollar?

a. Fuelb. laborc. vehicle depreciationd. interest payments on vehicles

Which of the following absorbs the largest percentage of a carrier’s revenue dollar?

a. b. Laborc. d.

The motor carrier cost structure consists of approximately 90 percent variable costs and 10 percent fixed costs. Which factor contributes to the low proportion of fixed costs?

a. Public investment in the highway system

b. private investment in the highway system

c. public ownership of the operating vehicles

d. a high proportion of joint ventures in the industry

The motor carrier cost structure consists of approximately 90 percent variable costs and 10 percent fixed costs. Which factor contributes to the low proportion of fixed costs?

a. Public investment in the highway system

b. c. d.

Which type of motor vehicle is used to haul freight long distances between cities?

a. Delivery vansb. line-haul vehiclesc. intra-city vehiclesd. city vehicles

Which type of motor vehicle is used to haul freight long distances between cities?

a. b. line-haul vehiclesc. d.

Tractor-trailer combinations are permitted, in most states, to haul a maximum of how many pounds of gross weight?

a. 25,000b. 50,000c. 80,000d. 95,000

Tractor-trailer combinations are permitted, in most states, to haul a maximum of how many pounds of gross weight?

a. b. c. 80,000d.

City trucks are single units that are used within the city to provide pickup and delivery service. As single units, the cargo and power unit are combined in one vehicle.

a. Both statements are trueb. the 1st is true and the 2nd falsec. 1st is false and the 2nd trued. both are false

City trucks are single units that are used within the city to provide pickup and delivery service. As single units, the cargo and power unit are combined in one vehicle.

a. Both statements are trueb. c. d.

Which of the following functions is most descriptive of an operation normally performed at a pickup and delivery terminal?

a. The separation of combined shipmentsb. unloading of freight, sorting by

destination, and reloaded for dispatch to destination

c. substitution of drivers who have accumulated the maximum hours of service

d. collection of freight from shippers and consolidated with other loads going in the same direction

Which of the following functions is most descriptive of an operation normally performed at a pickup and delivery terminal?

a. b. c. d. collection of freight from shippers

and consolidated with other loads going in the same direction