what is matter? what are the states of matter? what changes occur to matter? what are mixtures and...

What is matter? What are the states of matter? What

changes occur to matter? What are mixtures and the different types? How do we

separate mixtures?

Matter, Mixtures and Solutions

What is matter?Matter is defined as:

Anything that has mass and takes up space

States of MatterSolid

Definite ShapeDefinite Volume

LiquidIndefinite ShapeDefinite Volume

GasIndefinite ShapeIndefinite Volume

Physical Propertycharacteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample's compositionExamples:ColorMassTexture

Extensive vs. Intensive PropertiesExtensive Properties:

dependent on the amount of substance presentExample: mass

Intensive Properties:independent on the amount of substance presentExample: color

Physical Changea change that alters a substance without changing its compositionClassic examples: Phase changesPhase change is a change from one state of matter to another

Phase ChangesSolid to LiquidLiquid to SolidLiquid to GasGas to LiquidSolid to Gas

Melting

Freezing Evaporation Condensation

Sublimation

Chemical Property/Chemical ChangeThe ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substancesA reaction: one or more substances changing into new substances

Examples: rusting, exploding, baking

MixtureA combination of two or more pure substancesTwo types

HeterogeneousHomogenous

Heterogeneous Mixturesone that does not blend smoothly and in which the individual substances remain distinct

Examples: Chex Mix, Oil and Water, Chicken Noodle Soup, etc.

EXAMPLES

Homogeneous Mixturesalso called solutions; mixtures that have a constant composition throughout and is always a single phaseExamples: brewed coffee, blood, salt water (if fully dissolved), etc.

EXAMPLES

How to Separate MixturesFiltration

using a porous barrier to separate solid from liquid

Two solids of different sizes can be separated using a similar technique called sifting

How to Separate MixturesDistillation

separating two substances with different boiling points

Evaporation is similar to distillationExample: When you boil off water and salt is left behind

Magnetismseparating particles based on magnetic properties

Tomorrow/Thursday’s LabCome up with a procedure to separate a heterogeneous mixture of the following:SandSaltIron FilingsPoppy Seeds