what companies teach us about conformity assessment ...technical assistance to overcome trade •...
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What companies teach us about
conformity assessment procedures (CAP) Insights from ITC Business Survey on Non-Tariff Measures
Mathieu Loridan TBT Committee, Thematic session on CAP 28 March 2017
Quiz question:
What is the most problematic
CAP for businesses?
Go to www.menti.com and
use the code 29 54 75
2
CAP are here to stay
Source: Overview of the TBT committee's
work on conformity assessment procedures, Note by the Secretariat, 22 March 2017
3
www.menti.com
29 54 75
Beyond the numbers, how CAP affect trade?
ITC’s Programme on Non-tariff Measures
Pillar 1
NTM Data
Collection
• Transparency pillar:
making regulations
publicly available
• Searchable by HS
code, country, NTM
• Dissemination
through Market
Access Map
www.macmap.org
Pillar 2
Business
Surveys
• Giving SMEs a voice:
identifying trade
obstacles
• Surveys of exporters
and importers on their
experiences with
government
regulations
www.ntmsurvey.org
Pillar 3
Follow Up
Actions
• Overcoming trade
obstacles: designing
technical assistance
to overcome trade
obstacles
• E.g.: Trade Obstacles
Alert mechanism
www.tradeobstacles.org
4
NTM Survey: Two-step interview process
• 300 – 1100 samples per country
• 6-8 min per interview
• Identify products exported by the
company and partner countries
• Identify if the company face problems
with burdensome regulations
• Companies facing problems with NTMs as
identified in PS interviewed
• 120-600 face-to-face interviews per
country
• 40-60 min per interview
• All details of the problem faced by the
company recorded
Step 1
Phone Screens (PS) Step 2
Face-to-Face interviews (FTF)
5
What we have learned from
businesses in 37 countries:
53% of companies face burdensome NTMs
Exporters are more affected than importers
Exporters of agricultural products report more
problems than those in manufacturing
Small firms report more frequently problems
related to burdensome NTMs
Three-quarters of burdensome NTMs are applied
by partner countries
Source: ITC Businesses Survey on NTMs in 37 countries, www.ntmsurvey.org
6
41% of burdensome NTMs applied by partner
countries relate to CAP
69% 68%
67% 62%
60% 60%
59% 57%
53% 50%
47% 46%
44% 44%
43% 43% 42%
39% 37%
35% 34% 34%
34% 33% 33%
32% 32%
31% 31%
29% 28%
28% 26%
24% 24%
23% 23%
19%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
KyrgyzstanBurkina Faso
NeplaSeychelles
EcuadorMalawi
RwandaEthiopiaSenegal
BangladeshTunisia
PhilippinesMauritius
MaliParaguay
KenyaComoros
EUGuinea
Sri LankaDominican Republic
UruguayMorocco
PeruTrinidad and
ThailandBenin
ColombiaUganda
Tanzania, UnitedCôte d'Ivoire
EgyptPalestine, State of
IndonesiaJamaica
KazakhstanMadagascar
Cambodia
Source: ITC Businesses Survey on NTMs in 37 countries + EU, www.ntmsurvey.org
7
CAP is the first burdensome NTMs faced by
both agri-food and manufacturing exporters
10%
31%
48%
34%
28%
13%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Agriculture Manufacturing
Technical requirements
Conformity assessment
Pre-shipment inspection
Trade remedies
Quantity control measures
Charges, taxes and price control measures
Finance Measures
Anti-competitive measures
Distribution restrictions
Restriction of post-sales services
Subsidies
Government procurement restrictions
Intellectual property
Rules of origin
Source: ITC Businesses Survey on NTMs in 37 countries, www.ntmsurvey.org
8
Product certification and testing gather 80%
of CAP obstacles
7% 11%
59% 47%
24%
28%
2% 7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Agriculture Manufacturing
Product registration
Testing
Product certification
Inspection requirement
Origin of materials and parts
Processing history
Products distribution/location after delivery
Other traceability requirements
Quarantine
Other conformity assessment
Source: ITC Businesses Survey on NTMs in 37 countries, www.ntmsurvey.org
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It is rather the how (procedure) than the why
(regulation) that creates CAP obstacles
Source: ITC Businesses Survey on NTMs in 37 countries, www.ntmsurvey.org
12%
19%
69%
Regulatory obstacles
Combination of regulatoryand procedural obstacles
Procedural obstacles
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Most obstacles occur at home and concern
delays, high fees and lack of facilities
Source: ITC Businesses Survey on NTMs in 37 countries, www.ntmsurvey.org
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
Other
Disciminatory behavior of officials
Information / transparency issues
Administrative burdens
Lack of recognition / accreditation
Lack of sector-specific facilities
Informal or unusually high payment
Time constraints
In the partner country At home
11
12
Lengthy procedures
Frequent renewal
Excessive paperwork and numerous
administrative windows
Inaccessible or absent infrastructure
The problem? It’s the
quantity of papers to
submit! There are
too many documents
needed to prepare
the dossier. More
than 20 different
documents are
required for the
conformity
assessment process. The testing process takes 1 - 2 months
while the validity of the product itself is
just a year. Another issue is that it is
very expensive to undertake this test
which hinders us from exporting.
Inefficient testing and certification procedures
Source: ITC Businesses Survey on NTMs in 37 countries, www.ntmsurvey.org
Take-aways from ITC’s NTM Surveys
Market access begins at home
The ‘advantage’ of home-based problems is that you can solve them
There is a great need to tackle before-the-border problems that
businesses experience with behind-the-border measures
Trade facilitation: make trade agreements work
Having policies, laws and agreements is one thing – effectively
implementing them another
Transparency is key
Processes may be complicated and lengthy for good reasons. But there is
no good reason for them to be unclear or non-transparent.
13
Don’t forget the quiz question:
What is the most problematic
CAP for businesses?
Go to www.menti.com and
use the code 29 54 75
14
ITC’s NTM Surveys in numbers
Representative for exporters
and importers in 39
developing countries
+ 28 EU countries
Over 8,150 face-to-
face interviews
…concerning trade with
185 partner countries
A MILLION DATA POINTS TO EXPLOIT FOR
HIGHER TRTA IMPACT
..with companies
employing more than
4 million people
Nearly 30,000
reported trade obstacles…
15
ITC Survey results 16
• NTM Survey website:
www.ntmsurvey.org
• ITC publication series on NTMs
www.ntmsurvey.org/publication
o Country reports (24 reports + 13
ongoing)
o Cross-country reports (Arab States,
ECOWAS, Invisible barriers)
Arab States: Regional
integration project for increased transparency of regulations, customs procedures and harmonization efforts (ROO)
Jamaica: Request to
ITC for assistance in addressing capacity building needs of SMEs as well as customs officials to increase compliance with NTMs and reduce procedural obstacles
Côte d’Ivoire: Continued
public-private interaction through the creation of an online trade obstacles alert mechanism
Mauritius: Elimination of 27
import permits resulting in reduced time for importing
Sri Lanka: Successful application to WTO STDF
and implementation of a project aimed at improving
safety and quality of fruits and vegetables
And then…? Examples of initiatives to address identified problems
Reduction of
NTM-related
trade
barriers
17
What is the most problematic
CAP for businesses?
Participants’ answers
18
Thank you!
For any question:
loridan@intracen.org
Or learn more on:
www.ntmsurvey.org
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