week 4…are we having fun yet?
Post on 21-Mar-2016
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Haas, SMV projections
SKULLcranial bones, facial bones
cranial bonesskull cap (calvarium)cranial base (cranial floor)
8 cranial bonesname the bonesname landmarks on each bonename articulation's with each bone
Special Attention to Temporal Boneorgans of hearing and balance
sections of earexternalmiddleinner membranous osseous
SKULL MORPHOLOGYskull types
mesocephalic-mediumbrachycephalic-broaddolichocephalic-narrow
Know Degrees of petrous ridge and sagittal plane
SKULL TOPOGRAPHYKnow all palpable landmarks
iniongonionglabellanasionouter canthusinner canthusacanthionsupercilliary archesmental pointTEAEAMaveolar processwidest part of skullSOMare there more?
Know all positioning planes:MSPOML-radiographic baselineIMOLGALGMLAMLMMLIPLMCP
TEMPORAL BONEanatomyorgans of hearing and balanceexternal ear
auricle, tragus, EAMmiddle ear
tympanic membrane, attic, cavity, auditory tube (Eustachian), passage to nasopharynx, auditory ossicles, communicationpathways
inner earmembranous labyrinth
osseous labyrinth cochlea, vestibule, semi-circular canals
pathologyotosclerosisacoustic neuromacholeasteaoma
9
CR 25 degrees cephalad entering 1 1/2 “ below occipital protuberance.
CR exits 1 ½” superior to nasion
11
13
CR enters the MSP of the throat between angles of mandible
Passes through a point ¾”anterior to EAMS.
14
Adequate penetration of cranial base
Equal distance from lateral border of skull to condyles
SI of mental protuberance over anterior frontal bone
Condyles anterior to petrous ridges
Symmetric petrosa
15
21
Adequate penetration of cranial base
Equal distance from lateral border of skull to condyles
SI of mental protuberance over anterior frontal bone
Condlyes anterior to petrous ridges
Symmetric petrosae
22
Skull fractures
o Linearo Depressedo Basal skull
Gunshot wounds
Pituitary Adenomas
Subdural hematoma
Neoplasmso Metastases
• Osteolytic• Osteoblastic• Combo of both
Multiple myeloma
Paget’s Disease
Acoustic neuroma
Skull fractures•Basal Skull Fx: suggested by air fluid level in sphenoid sinus, bleeding from ear or presence of CSF•Linear-Sharp translucent line, may be straight or angled, may cross vascular grooves and cause sutural widening.•Depressed- may have curvilinear dense edges, serious, may require tangential projections
• ping pong fx-usually found in children, similar to greenstick
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