week 1 -intro to gender
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GENDER & MEDIA STUDIES
AN INTRO. TO GENDER
Albert Anani-Bossman
Lecturer and Communication Consultant
abossman2007@gmail.comTel: 0244767223
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mailto:abossman2007@gmail.commailto:abossman2007@gmail.com -
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AN INTRO. TO GENDER
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Women and men are more alike than they are
different. Men are not from Mars; women are not from
Venuswe are all from planet Earth. Michael S.
Kimmel
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Introduction: definitionsKey Concept in Gender Perspectives
Gender
Sex Gender Analysis Gender relations Gender issues Women issues Gender inequality
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Introduction: definitions Gender
Gender is a socio-cultural construct of the society that
determines the identity, roles or obligations/duties,and entitlements of women and men and girls andboys in the society.
It therefore defines women and mens position in their
society. Gender classification changes with time, spaceand needs of a society
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Introduction: definitions Sex
Sex is a biological identification of females and males
based on their physiological characteristics. Sexcharacteristics are natural and determined duringconception; compared to gender which identifiesqualities that are shaped through the history of social
relations and interactions in society
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Introduction: definitions of concepts Gender Roles
This is the set of roles, activities,
expectations and behaviors assigned tofemales and males by society.
Masculine (having the qualities attributed
to males) and Feminine(having the qualities attributed
to females).
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Introduction: definitions Gender relations
Gender relations are social-cultural relationships
between men and women in a given society. They aresocially constructed and not derived from biology.Gender relations distinguish social relations betweenmen and women from those characteristics which can
be derived from biological differences
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Introduction: definitions
Gender inequality
Gender inequality means unequal access to resourcesand benefits by women and men and therefore holds
back the growth of individuals in society Gender gaps
Gender gaps refer to the differences between women
and men in relation to their participation in and benefitsfrom different socio-economic sectors. Gender gapscome about as a result of unequal power relationsbetween women and men and between boys and girls
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Introduction: definitionsThe gender gap measures the magnitude of disparities andis normally computed in percentage points or the differencebetween percentage for females and percentage for males.
Gender Parity Index
Gender Parity Index (GPI) is a socioeconomic index usuallydesigned to measure the relative access to education for
both females and males. It is calculated as the ratio of thenumber of female students enrolled at primary, secondaryand tertiary levels of education to the number of malestudents in each level
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Introduction: definitions
Gender analysis
This is the process of examining roles and responsibilities
or any other situation in regard to women, men, boys andgirls, with a view to identifying gaps, raising concern andaddressing them, investigating and identifying specificneeds for policy and programme development and
implementation
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Introduction: definitions
Gender-Aware Planning
This is the process of taking gender into consideration
(gender mainstreaming) in development planning;planning with women/girls and men/boys in mind.
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Introduction: definitions
Gender issues
Gender issues refers to opportunities, challenges and
constraints that affect both women, men, girls and boysin the society. Gender issues are not synonymous withwomens issues
Womens issues
Women issues refer to opportunities, challenges andconstraints that affect women/girls only
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Gender Socialization
The gender socialization process starts at birth and
involves learning cultural roles according to onessex.
From the start, boys and girls are treated differently
by people in their own environment (for example,parents, siblings and caregivers), and thus learn thedifference between boys and girls, women and men.
Introduction: definitions
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An intro. To gender
We are surrounded by gender lore from the time we arevery small.
Ever-present in conversation, humor, and conflict, and itis called upon to explain everything from driving styles tofood preferences.
Gender is embedded so thoroughly in our institutions,
our actions, our beliefs, and our desires, that it appears tous to be completely natural
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An Intro. To media and gender
1960s witnessed a steady and systematic research into
media images of women.
Feminist scholars and activists began to examine howwomen were being portrayed in a wide array of mediaforms - including films, prime-time television dramas,newspapers, pornography, news magazines, women's
and girl's magazines, popular music, comic books,advertising and soap operas.
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An intro. To media and gender
The concern was that the sexist messages of thesemedia forms socialized people, especially children,into thinking that dichotomized and hierarchicalsex-role stereotypes were 'natural' and 'normal'.
The Aftermath of the Second World War brought alot of changes including changes in the way middle
class women who were ambitious were regarded.
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An Intro. To media and gender
Betty Friedmans book the feminine mystique,shows how in the early 1960s to be a woman
meant that you lived in a fake world. Ahusband, a home and children weresupposed to provide instant gratification but
did not
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An intro. To gender and media
Gender, for both men and women in the C21st,still consists of a complex set of rules,
distinctions and ideals that are difficult to live upto. It requires extensive cultural knowledge toknow what behaviour and dress style are
appropriate under specific circumstances
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An Intro. To gender and media
The media guide us in this regard. They offer examplesof what is done, and what not, of how to combine
different types of gendered behaviour. They teach ushow to enjoy both traditional and innovative ways ofdealing with gender, and offer examples for us to discuss
with others.
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Assignment
Why do we need to study Gender andMedia studies.( media representation of
Gender)
2-3 pages font size 12, double space. Be sure to indicate references.
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