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Weed Science Section
Section I/c Dr. Anil Dixit, Principal Scientist
Major Research Achievements:
Application of N, P and K at recommended dose in rice and wheat improved the growth
and yield attributes in both the crops. These led to better solar radiation interception and
least transmission to the ground, which helped in reduction of weed emergence and less
competition offered by weeds to the crop for various resources. Therefore, the highest
grain yield of rice and wheat were harvested.
Nitrogen has better response towards growth and development of crop followed by P and
least effect of K. These mainly because of higher exchangeable K stock present in the
soil, which are readily available to the plants.
Application of 125% of recommended dose of nitrogen was comparable to 100% of N,
but, still 125% had edge over 100% N in growth and development of rice and wheat.
Higher regimes of nitrogen favoured the crop growth, resulted lower solar radiation
transmission. These leads to poor emergence of weeds, thus, lowered weed density and
dry biomass was recorded.
Incorporation of Sesbania before rice transplanting had positive response on growth,
development and yield of rice and also to the weed suppression ability. Sesbania
incorporated plots had also reduced the 27.5% direct use of fertilizer and improvised the
grain yield by 20.3% over without Sesbania. Though the effect of Sesbania on wheat was
not promising but was significantly superior in rice.
Sulfosulfuron 75% + Metsulfuron m e t h y l 5 % W G , a r e a d y m i x formulation
was demonstrated and the chemistry had significantly increased the growth and yield
attributing characters of wheat, resulted in higher grain yield. The formulation had the
weed control efficiency of 78-88%, which curtailed competition among weed and wheat
plants. Application of this formulation provided yield increment of 56.4% over the hand
weeding practice followed by farmers.
Pretilachlor(6%) + Pyrazosulfuron(0.15%) GR (600+15 g/ha) and weedy check was
tested in farmers’ field along with farmers practice at Dhamtari, Bilaspur and Raipur
districts of Chhattisgarh. Pretilachlor 6% + Pyrazosulfuron 0.15% was applied 5-7 days
after transplanting for evaluating this molecule at farmers’field. The study sites were
predominantly dominated with Cyperusrotundus,C.difformis,Echinochloacolona,
E.crusgalli, Cynadondactylon, Ischaemomrogusum, Commelina sp., Amaranthus sp.,
Alternenthrasessilis, Monochoria sp., Marsiliaquadrifoliaand Ludwigiaparviflora. It was
recorded that weed control efficiency was about 80-91% and there was yield
improvement of 40-50%, irrespective of locations and varieties.
Farmer’s Feedback: Farmer’s reaction was positive towards the technology assessed. They are
easily adopted the technology due to effective control of weeds by using Pretilachlor 6% +
Pyrazosulfuron 0.15% GR on their field. Highest average net returns (Rs 58,650/ha) recorded
with the application of Pretilachlor 6% + Pyrazosulfuron 0.15% GR.
Weed mangement in DSR
Priming of seeds with calcium chloride (osmo-priming, 150 µmol) reduced weed biomass
resulted improved rice grain yield by 41% over non-primed seeds. Moderately weeded
plots significantly suppressed the weeds and improved the rice grain yield by 1.24 times
over weedy check.
Adoption of narrow row spacing of 15 cm significantly suppressed the weed biomass and
increased the weed suppression efficiency and harvested higher grain yield over wider
spacing (25 cm).
Adoption of seed rate from 60- 100 kg/ha gave insignificant yield advantage, however,
Seeds rate of 100 kg/ha reduced the weed biomass, and reduction in seed rate
significantly increases the weed dry biomass.
As per the severity of weeds, appropriate weed management practice need to be followed.
Pre-emergence and early post emergence herbicides need to be adopted to avoid the
competition during early stage of the crop.
L
List of the technology developed from ICAR-National Institute of Biotic Stress
Management, Baronda, Raipur (CG)
1. Weed management in transplanted rice
Sl. No. Particulars Details
1. Technology Weed management through premix molecules of herbicide in
transplanted rice
2. Developed by Dr. Anil Dixit and Dr. V.K. Choudhary, ICAR-NIBSM,Raipur
3. Year of
development/
validation
2013-17
4. Rational Rice is an important cereal crop of India, this has been producing
in an area of 143 m ha with the production of 100 m t. Weeds are
major biological constraints which causes severe yield reduction
up to 90% mostly depended on crop establishment method and
ecosystem. One or two hand weeding is being followed in rice to
minimize the weed problem, but, it requires lots of labour to
complete the operation on time. Scanty availability of labour
during peak time and high wages became non-profitable and un-
economical. Thus cost effective and effective weed control was
need of the hours. Rice fields are infested with wide range of
weeds. In order to minimize the infestation level of weeds different
herbicides were tested and narrow down the list of herbicides. The
performance of herbicides was tested continuously for three years.
The hypothesis was that pretilachlor will take care of grassy weeds
and pyrazosulfuron ensure to minimize the density of broadleaved
weeds and sedges. Our findings suggested that premix application
of pretilachlore (6%) + pyrazosulfuron (0.15% GR) at 615 g/ha at
6-8 days after transplanting with the help of appropriate carrier
(e.g. sand) with thin water layer during early stages gives wider
weed control.
Apply pyrazosulfuron 10 WP @ 25 g/ha within 3 days after
transplanting with 25 kg sand/ha followed by Bispyribac sodium
10 SC @ 25 g/ha at 20 days after transplanting and maintained
water layer 3 days after application
5. Impact of
technology
Premix application of pretilachlore (6%) + pyrazosulfuron (0.15%
GR) at 615 g/ha at 6-8 days after transplanting gave 77% of weed
control. These controlled wide range of weeds (broadleaved
weeds, sedges and up to some extent grasses). Presence of thin
layer of water during early stages of crop enhanced the efficacy of
herbicides, and it has some phyto-tonic effect on crop which
helped in development of better yield attributes owing to this
harvested 39% higher rice grain yield over weedy plot.
Economical comparison was made and it was found that
pretilachlore (6%) + pyrazosulfuron (0.15% GR) at 615 g/ha
recorded 2.05 of benefit to cost ratio.
Weed control efficiency 76% over control with yield improvement
90% over weedy check. It was noticed that these technology has
yield reduction of 8.5% than two hand weeding but there was
saving of Rs 6000/ha over two hand weeding.
6. Field plates
Control
2. Weed management in transplanted/Direct seeded rice
Particulars Details
1 Technology Pyrazosulfuron 10 WP followed by Bispyribac sodium 10 SC against
partial weeding in rice
2 Developed by Dr. Anil Dixit and Dr. V.K. Choudhary, ICAR-NIBSM,Raipur
3 Year of
development/val
idation
2013-17
4 Rational Rice is an important cereal crop of India, this has been producing in an
area of 143 m ha with the production of 100 m t. Weeds are the major
constraint in DSR production systems. DSR improves water use
efficiency, and its widespread adaptation has eliminated time and
edaphic conflicts in wheat-rice cropping systems in India, DSR is
vulnerable to weed competition, and timely weed management is
indispensable. In DSR, weeds emerge simultaneously with rice
seedlings and compete with rice plants at an early growth stage, when
rice is particularly susceptible to competition. Thus cost effective and
effective weed control was need of the hours. Rice fields are infested
with wide range of weeds. In order to minimize the infestation level of
weeds different herbicides were tested and narrow down the list of
herbicides. The performance of herbicides was tested continuously for
three years. The hypothesis was that Pyrazosulfuron 10 WP followed
by Bispyribac sodium 10 SC against partial weeding in rice Apply
pyrazosulfuron 10 WP @ 25 g/ha within 3 days after transplanting
with 25 kg sand/ha maintained water layer 3 days after application
followed by Bispyribac sodium 10 SC @ 25-30 g/ha at 20 days after
transplanting or direct seeding.
5 Impact of
technology
Apply pyrazosulfuron 10 WP @ 25 g/ha within 3 days after
transplanting with 25 kg sand/ha followed by Bispyribac sodium 10
SC @ 25 g/ha at 20 days after transplanting and maintained water
layer 3 days after application. Weed control efficiency 76% over
control with yield improvement 90% over weedy check. It was noticed
that these technology has yield reduction of 8.5% than two hand
weeding but there was saving of Rs 6000/ha over two hand weeding.
6 Field plates
Control
3. Sustainable cultural weed management in transplanted rice
S.No Particulars Details
1. Technology Sustainable cultural weed management with green manuring
in transplanted rice
2. Developed by Dr. V.K. Choudhary and Dr. Anil Dixit ICAR-
NIBSM,Raipur
3. Year of
development/validati
on
2014-16
4. Rational Green manuring (Sesbania, sunhemp etc.) is an important
eco-friendly and effective technology for optimizing the
agricultural production system ensuring sustainable
productivity without any environmental problem. The
importance of green manuring entrusted for field
experimentation at ICAR-National Institute of Biotic Stress
Management Raipur (CG) during pre monsoon season of
2014, 2015 and 2016 to assess the performance of green
manuring (Sesbania aculata) on rice (Oryza sativa).
Sesbania aged 32-35 days were incorporated in the field with
the help of rotavator, and rice seedlings were transplanted
five days after incorporations. Sesbania incorporated plots
were compared with normal plots where recommended dose
of fertilizer was applied. It was hypothesized that
incorporation of sesbania not only give better crop yield and
curtail the nutrient requirement but also suppress the weed
emergence.
5. Impact of technology In-situ incorporation of Sesbania after attaining 32-35 days
of sowing, and rice seedlings was transplanted 5 days after
incorporations. These were compared with normally
fertilized (100 N, 60 P2O5 and 40 K2O kg/ha) plots for
various parameters and found that, sesbania incorporated
plots had following advantages over without sesbania, those
are: Reduction in weed density by 57%, weed dry biomass
by 37%, curtailed the N, P2O5 and K2O requirement by 25%.
With sesbania plots measured 13.8% more panicle per unit
area, longer and heavier panicles with 21.1% lower chaffy
grains owing to these yield improvement by 16.4% than the
without sesbania plots.
6. Field plates
4. Effective and profitable weed management by herbicide use in wheat
S.No Particulars Details
1. Technology Effective and profitable weed management with newer
herbicide molecule in wheat
2. Developed by Dr. Anil Dixit and Dr. V.K. Choudhary ICAR-
NIBSM,Raipur
3. Year of
development/validation
2013-17
4. Rational Weeds are one of the primary producers within farming
systems; they are of prime importance to the arable food
system. The weed community provides a range of resources
for insect species, disease, birds and also hibernating place
for rodents. And therefore plays an important role in the
biological diversity of agro-ecosystems. However, weeds
are one of the major biological constraints to crop yield and
quality. Weeds such as Chenopodium album, Melilotus
alba, Medicago denticulata, Vicia hirsuta, Anagallis
arvensis, Euphorbia geniculata and Euphorbia hirta are
major broadleaved weeds and Echinochloa colona, Avena
ludoviciana and Phalaris minor were major grasses.
However, sedges density was negligible in wheat crop.
These weed causes 30-50% of yield loss by offering
competition for variable resources (e.g. light, moisture,
space, nutrients, CO2 etc.). As a result, growth and
development of crop was adversely affected owing to these
crop yield was considerably reduced. Use of single
molecule for longer time may cause weed shift and it
became ineffective. Under or over dose of recommended
molecules may lead to development of resistance biotypes.
These issues need to be addressed properly. The hypothesis
was that clodinofop propargyl will take care of grassy
weeds and metsulfuron methyl ensures to minimize the
density of broadleaved weeds. Therefore, ready mix
application of clodinofop propargyl 15% + metsulfuron
methyl 1% WP @ 64 g/ha at 20-25 days after sowing were
evaluated.
5. Impact of technology Ready mix application of clodinofop propargyl 15% +
metsulfuron methyl 1% WP @ 64 g/ha at 20-25 days after
sowing controlled the broadleaved weeds and grasses, and
recorded weed control efficiency of 82% than the weedy
plot. The effect of clodinofop propargyl 15% + metsulfuron
methyl 1% was more prominent with progress of crop
duration and weed control efficiency further improved. This
molecule was at par to weed control efficiency obtained
with two hand weeding at 20 and 40 days after sowing.
Clodinofop propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% has
harvested with lees grain yield of wheat than the three hand
weeding (20, 40 and 60 days after sowing) but was
comparable to two hand weeding and recorded 40%
increased grain yield over one hand weeding at 20 days after
sowing. Comparison of economic parameters suggested that
clodinofop propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% was
most profitable and economically viable option to adopt
weed management in wheat.
6. Field plates
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