weed r i sk assessment exerc i ses i n turkey ahmet uludaĞ İlhan ÜremİŞ ahuludag@yahoo
Post on 21-Mar-2016
39 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
WEED RISK ASSESSMENT EXERCISES IN
TURKEYAHMET ULUDAĞ İLHAN ÜREMİŞ
ahuludag@yahoo.com
2007
TOTAL AREA 78 356 000 haLAND AREA 76 693 000 ha
Arable land and Permanent cropsPermanent meadows and pasturesForest areaOther landInland water
FAO 2009
Native Endemic % Alien Cultivated TotalPteridophytes 90 2 2.2 0 0 90Gymnosperms 22 0 0.0 0 0 22Dicotyledons 7426 2589 34.9 75 92 7593Monocotyledons 1450 300 20.7 21 46 1771Total 8988 2991 33.3 96 138 9222
Guner et al. 2000
Irano Turanian1181
Mediterranean946
Euro Siberian256
Akman, 1993
http://www.meteor.gov.tr/2006/zirai/zirai-calismalar.aspx?subPg=h
CLIMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF TURKEY CLIMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF TURKEY BY AYDENIZ METHODBY AYDENIZ METHOD
INVASIVE PLANTS IN EPPO LIST DETERMINED IN TURKEY
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.Bidens frondasa L.
Polygonum perfoliatum L.Sicyos angulatus L.
Solidago canadensis L.
Terzioğlu and Anşin, 2001
A chorological study on the taxa naturalized in the Eastern Black Sea
Region
Polygonum perfoliatumSicyos angulataAmbrosia elatior
Plant Name Family
Aster squamatus Compositae
Conyza bonariensis Compositae
Conyza canadensis Compositae
Crassocephalum crepidioides Compositae
Dichrocephala integrifolia Compositae
Erigeron annuus Compositae
Galinsoga parviflora Compositae
Matricaria matricarioides Compositae
Tagetes minuta Compositae
Commelina communis Commolinaceae
Tradescantia fluminensis Commolinaceae
Eleusine indica Gramineae
Paspalum dilatatum Gramineae
Paspalum paspalodes Gramineae
Paspalum thunbergii Gramineae
Phylostachys bambusoides Gramineae
Plant Name Family
Sicyos angulatus Cucurbitacea
Brassica oleracea var acephala Cruciferae
Lepidium virginicum Cruciferae
Duchesnea indica Rosaceae
Albizia julibrissin Leguminosae
Robinia pseudoacacia Leguminosae
Ulex europaeus Leguminosae
Acer negundo Aceraceae
Ailanthus altissima Simaroubaceae
Poncirus trifoliata Rutaceae
Hydrocotyle ramiflora Umbelliferae
Ipomea purpurea Convolvulaceae
Elsholtzia ciliata Labiatae
Lonicera japonica Caprifoliaceae
Artemisia verlotiorum Compositae
Aster subulatus Compositae
Scoring for Weed Risk Factors (critical score = 6)
1. Aquatic plant ? Y=32. Other members of the genus are weeds ? Y=23. Propagules likely to be dispersed intentionally orunintentionally by human activity? Y=24. Produces spines, thorns or burrs? Y=15. Parasitic? Y=16. Unpalatable or toxic to grazing animals? Y=17. Host for recognised pests and pathogens? Y=18. Causes allergies or otherwise toxic to humans? Y=19. Climbing or smothering growth habit? Y=110. Produces viable seed? Y=111. Seed persists for > 1 year? Y=112. Reproduction by vegetative propagation? Y=113. Tolerates or benefits from mutilation, cultivation, or fire? Y=1
NB Where the status of a risk factor is unknown, it should be scored as a ‘yes’
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 +1 0 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 92 0 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 73 0 2 22 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 74 0 2 22 0 0 1 1 1 1 85 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 11 56 0 0 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 107 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 68 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 49 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 8
10 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 311 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 512 0 2 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 813 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 314 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 715 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 516 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 +17 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 218 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 719 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 720 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 221 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 422 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 523 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 424 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 425 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 526 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 327 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 528 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 11 529 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 11 630 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 11 631 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 532 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 4
6. Unpalatable or toxic to grazing animals? 7. Host for recognised pests and pathogens?
8. Causes allergies or otherwise toxic to humans?
13. Tolerates or benefits from mutilation, cultivation, or fire?
3. Propagules likely to be dispersed intentionally orunintentionally by human activity?
CompositaeArtemisia verlotiorum
UmbelliferaeHydrocotyle ramiflora
CompositaeErigeron annuus
CommolinaceaeCommelina communis
5553
10. Produces viable seed? 11. Seed persists for > 1 year?
RutaceaePoncirus trifoliata 3LabiataeElsholtzia ciliata 3
12. Reproduction by vegetative propagation?
RutaceaePoncirus trifoliata
AceraceaeAcer negundo 43
CompositaeAster squamatus 2
CruciferaeLepidium virginicum
CruciferaeBrassica oleracea var acephala
CucurbitaceaSicyos angulatus 977
SimaroubaceaeAilanthus altissima
LeguminosaeUlex europaeus
LeguminosaeRobinia pseudoacacia
CompositaeArtemisia verlotiorum
CaprifoliaceaeLonicera japonica
ConvolvulaceaeIpomea purpurea
UmbelliferaeHydrocotyle ramiflora
CompositaeConyza canadensis
CompositaeConyza bonariensis
CompositaeErigeron annuus
10685875775
GramineaePaspalum paspalodes
GramineaePaspalum dilatatum
GramineaeEleusine indica 566
issgissg
issg
issg
RosaceaeDuchesnea indica 8 issg
LeguminosaeAlbizia julibrissin
5Tradescantia fluminensis
5
in issg list
Commolinaceae
awaw caca cece ewew gtgt natnat noxnox swsw wdwd11
22
33
44
55
66
77
88
99
1010
1111
1212
1313
1414
1515
1616
1717
1818
1919
2020
2121
2222
2323
2424
2525
2626
2727
2828
2929
3030
3131
3232
aw agricultural weed
ca casual allience cultivation escapeew environmental
weedgt garden thugnat naturalizednox noxious weedsw sleeper weedwd weed
Gcw, 2009
Diaspores of taxa with large ecological tolerance can be easily carried between continents and some of these taxa become an important factor, THREATENING THE MAINTENANCE OF PLANT SPECIES DIVERSITY, in addition to other factors, such as clear-cutting, overgrazing and dwellings. Chorological study is an important step for conserving plant species diversity, and it provides information about naturalized plant taxa that have migrated from one continent to others. Presenting the floristic relationships between the continents is important for plant geography and paleobotany. The chorological features of 32 TAXA OF FLOWERING PLANTS BELONGING TO 14 FAMILIES, naturalized in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey, were examined and discussed. Most of these taxa come from parts of NORTH AMERICA, CHINA AND JAPAN, all of which are areas with climatic conditions similar to those of this region. THESE TAXA HAVE BEEN DISPERSED BY HUMAN ACTIVITY, WIND, ANIMALS AND WATER. BECAUSE OF THE HIGH RAINFALL THROUGHOUT THE YEAR, DIASPORES OF NATURALIZED TAXA CAN GERMINATE EASILY AND BECOME NEW INDIVIDUALS IN THE STUDY AREA. CONSEQUENTLY, THERE HAVE BEEN PLANT MIGRATIONS IN THE TEMPERATE REGION OF THE WORLD, WHERE THE EASTERN BLACKSEA REGION IS A PLANT MIGRATORY ROUTE BETWEEN EUROPE AND CAUCASIA.
Ashour et al., 1999
Diplachne fusca, Spartina patens and Sporobolus virginicus (Smyrna) seemed to be promising halophytic plants for feeding goats and sheep in desert area by using saline water in irrigation.
ASSUMPTIONS FOR INTRODUCTION of Diplanchne fusca
Seeds came with rice crop imported from Italy or the USA for consumption but used for propagationSeeds came via Meriç (Marissa) River from Bulgaria
Surek, 2003
II International WorkshopInvasive Plants in Mediterranean type
Regions of the World2-6 August 2010, Samsun, Turkey
http://archives.eppo.org/MEETINGS/2005_meetings/workshop_invasive/workshop.htm
top related