webnesday - introduction to lorawan

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Introduction toLoRaWAN

Martin HaasWebnesday (11.01.2017)

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About me• Martin Haas (@tineler)• Founder & Engineer @adnexo_gmbh

https://www.adnexo.ch

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Overview• What?• Why?• How?

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LoRaWHAAAAT?

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LoRa WANLong Range Wide Area Network

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LoRa• Layer 1 (physical)• Enables long-range communication

link• Highly dependent on environment

• Cities / buildings: ~ 2.5km• Countryside: up to 45km+

• Data rate 0.3 – 50 kbps• Frequency band (Europe): 868 MHz• Duty cycle 1%• 36 Sekunden / h

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Data Rates• Adaptive data rate scheme (ADR)• “Use lower spreading factor if signal is

strong”

Source: https://blog.surf.nl/en/lora-the-internet-of-things

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LoRaWAN• Defines communication protocol and

system architecture• Specified by LoRa Alliance (cisco, IBM,

Semtech, TTN, Swisscom, BFH, …)

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Architecture

Source: https://www.lora-alliance.org/portals/0/documents/whitepapers/LoRaWAN101.pdf

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Device Classes• Class A• Two short receive windows after uplink

• Class B• Slotted communication

• Class C• Receives continuously

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Information stored in end-device• Device Address (DevAddr, 32 bits)• 7 MSB: Network Identifier (NwkID)• 25 LSB: Network Address (NwkAddr)

• Application Identifier (AppEUI)• Network session key (NwkSKey)• Application session key (AppSKey)

• Frame Counters

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Activation by Personalization (ABP)• Manually configured• DevAddr• NwkSKey (unique!)• AppSKey (unique!)

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Over-the-Air Activation (OTAA)• Manually configured• End-device identifier (DevEUI, 64 bits)• AppEUI• AES-128 key (AppKey)

• From accept message• DevAddr• NwkSKey• AppSKey

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Network Architecture

Source: https://www.lora-alliance.org/portals/0/documents/whitepapers/LoRaWAN101.pdf

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Security• Security on network level• Unique Network Key

• Security on application level• Unique Application Key

• Secure usage required!• Find more on the Internet…

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YAWT???Yet Another Wireless Technology?

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Different Wireless Technologies

Source: Swisscom

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IoT challenges• Sensing a complex environment• Connectivity• Power is critical• Security is vital• IoT is complex• Cloud is important• Device Updates

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Kind of…• Sensing a complex environment • Connectivity • Power is critical • Security is vital • IoT is complex • Cloud is important • Device Updates

helps helps not improves

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How?

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What you need• End-Device• Access to a Network• Gateway• Account

• Little programming skills

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End-Device

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Send message (MicroPython)

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Gateways

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Networks (in Switzerland)• The Things Network• LORIOT• Swisscom LPN

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The Things Network• Worldwide, free Network for makers• Driven by communities

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The Things Network in Switzerland• https://ttn-ch.slack.com

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The Things Network• Free of charge• Open Source• Active user base• Register Applications and Gateways here:

• https://console.thethingsnetwork.org• Streaming Data using MQTT (more to come)

• Clients available for Java, Node-RED, Node.js• Define Payload functions online• Data Storage Integration

https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/

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TTN – Node.js Clientvar ttn = require('ttn'); var client = new ttn.Client(region, appId, appAccessKey, [options]);

client.on('connect', function cb(connack) {});

client.on('message', [deviceId], [field], function cb(deviceId, data) {});

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Response"port": 1,"counter": 10,"payload_raw": {

"type": "Buffer","data": [ 1 ]

},"payload_fields": { "led": true }, "metadata": {

"time": "2016-09-07T12:50:07.068771281Z","frequency": 868.1,"modulation": "LORA","data_rate": "SF7BW125","coding_rate": "4/5","gateways": [{

"gtw_id": "0000024B08060112","timestamp": 3955426155,"time": "2016-09-07T12:50:07.053048Z","channel": 4,"rssi": -109,"snr": 5.8,"rf_chain": 1 ]}

}

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LORIOT• Free of charge up to 10 end-devices

and 1 Gateway• Possibility of “private networks”

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LORIOT• Build-in Output Types• Amazon AWS IoT• IBM Bluemix IoT Foundation• HTTP Push• Iron.io IronMQ• PubNub• TLS Socket• WebSocket• Azure IoT Hub

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Swisscom• 80% of Swiss population covered• For enterprise customers• HTTP request

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Swisscom

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Swisscom

Source: Swisscom

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Swisscom• Disclaimer

«Die Abdeckungskarten zeigen die Verfügbarkeit des LPN-Services für den Aussenbereich (Strassen, Trottoirs, öffentliche Plätze, etc.). Die ausgewiesene Versorgung beruht auf Prädiktionen, die nicht alle Feinheiten der Ausbreitungscharakteristik eines LoRa-Funksignals berücksichtigen können. Die Angaben zur zukünftigen Abdeckung stellen die momentane Planung dar, die definitiv realisierte Abdeckung kann davon abweichen. Bei den vorliegenden Karten und Abdeckungs-Angaben handelt es sich deshalb um eine ungefähre Indikation und Swisscom kann für die aufgezeigte LPN-Service-Abdeckung entsprechend keine Gewähr übernehmen.»

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The End!