wcdma ran fundamentals.pptx
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WCDMA RAN Principle
3G RNP&O
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Upon completion of this course, you
will be able to:
Outline the advantage of CDMA
principle
Characterize code sequence
Outline the fundamentals of RAN
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Main bands
1920 ~ 1980MHz / 2110 ~ 2170MHz
Supplementary bands: different country maybe different
1850 ~ 1910 MHz / 1930 MHz ~ 1990 MHz (USA)
1710 ~ 1785MHz / 1805 ~ 1880MHz (Japan)
890 ~ 915MHz / 935 ~ 960MHz (Australia)
. . .
Frequency channel numbercentral frequency5, for mainband:
UL frequency channel number 96129888
DL frequency channel number : 1056210838
Bands Used in WCDMA
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The Core technology of 3G: CDMA
WCDMA
CN: based on MAP and GPRS
RTT: WCDMA
TD-SCDMACN: based on MAP and GPRS
RTT: TD-SCDMA
cdma2000CN: based on ANSI 41 and MIP
RTT: cdma2000
CDMA
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1. 3G Overview
2. CDMA Principle
3. WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol
structure
4. WCDMA Wireless Fundamental
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Power
FDMA
Power
TDMA
Power
CDMA
Multiple Access Technology
Power
TDMA
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Duplex Techniques
Time
Frequency
Power
TDD
USER 2
USER 1
DL
UL
DL
DL
UL
FDD
Time
Frequency
Power
UL DL
USER 2
USER 1
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1. 3G Overview
2. CDMA Principle
3. WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol
structure
4. WCDMA Wireless Fundamental
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WCDMA Network Archiecture
RNS
RNC
RNS
RNC
Core Network
Node B Node B Node B Node B
Iu-CS Iu-PS
Iur
Iub IubIub Iub
CN
UTRAN
UEUu
CS PS
Iu-CSIu-PS
CSPS
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Network Evolution
3GPP Rel993GPP Rel4
3GPP Rel5
2000 2001 2002
GSM/GPRS CN
WCDMA RTT
IMS
HSDPA 3GPP Rel6
MBMS
HSUPA
2005
CS domain change toNGN
WCDMA RTT
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Network Evolution
Features of R6 MBMS is introduced
HSUPA is introduced to achieve the service rate up to 5.76Mbps
Features of R7
HSPA+ is introduced, which adopts higher order modulation and MIMO Max DL rate: 28Mbps, Max UL rate:11Mbps
Features of R8
WCDMA LTE (Long term evolution) is introduced
OFDMA is adopted instead of CDMA
Max DL rate: 50Mbps, Max UL rate: 100Mbps (with 20MHz bandwidth)
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Uu Interface protocol structure
L3
C-plane signaling U-plane information
PHY
L2/MAC
L2/RLC
MAC
Duplication avoidance
UuS boundary
L2/BMC
L2/PDCP
RRC
con
trol
RLC
RLC
RLCRLC
RLC
RLC
DCNtGC
U-plane information
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General Protocol Mode for UTRAN Terrestrial Interface
The structure is based on the principle that the layers and planesare logically independent of each other.
Application
Protocol
Data
Stream(s)
ALCAP(s)
Transport
Network
Layer
Physical Layer
Signaling
Bearer(s)
Control Plane User Plane
Transport Network
User Plane
Transport Network
Control Plane
Radio
Network
Layer
Signaling
Bearer(s)
Data
Bearer(s)
Transport Network
User Plane
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General Protocol Mode for UTRANTerrestrial Interface
The structure is based on the principle that the layers and planesare logically independent of each other.
Application
Protocol
Data
Stream(s)
ALCAP(s)
Transport
Network
Layer
Physical Layer
Signaling
Bearer(s)
Control Plane User Plane
Transport Network
User Plane
Transport Network
Control Plane
Radio
Network
Layer
Signaling
Bearer(s)
Data
Bearer(s)
Transport Network
User Plane
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Iu-CS Interface
ALCAP
Control Plane
Transport Network
Control Plane
User planeRadioNetwork
Layer
Transport Network
User PlaneTransport
Network
LayerA B
RANAP
AAL2 PATH
ATM
Physical Layer
SAAL NNI
SCCP
MTP3-B
Iu UP
SAAL NNI
MTP3-B
Transport Network
User Plane
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Iu-CS Interface Protocol (IP)
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Iu-PS Interface Protocol (IP)
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ALCAP
Control Plane
Transport Network
Control Plane
Transport Network
User Plane
Transport
Network
Layer
Transport Network
User Plane
SAAL UNI
Iub FP
SAAL UNI
NCP CCP
Iub Interface
ALCAP
Control Plane
Transport Network
Control Plane
User planeRadio
Network
Layer
Transport Network
User Plane
Transport
Network
Layer
Transport Network
User Plane
NBAP
AAL2 PATH
ATM
Physical Layer
SAAL UNI
Iub FP
SAAL UNI
NCP CCP
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Iub Interface Protocol (ATM)
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Iub Interface Protocol (IP)
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1. 3G Overview
2. CDMA Principle
3. WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol
structure
4. WCDMA Wireless Fundamental
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Processing Procedure of WCDMA System
Source
Coding
Channel Coding& Interleaving
Spreading Modulation
Source
DecodingChannel Decoding
& DeinterleavingDespreading Demodulation
Transmission
Reception
chipmodulatedsignal
bit symbol
Service
Signal
Radio
Channel
Service
Signal
Receiver
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WCDMA Block Coding - CRC
Block coding is used to detect if thereare any uncorrected errors left after error
correction.
The cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is acommon method of block coding.
Adding the CRC bits is done before the
channel encoding and they are checkedafter the channel decoding.
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WCDMA Channel Coding
Effect Enhance the correlation among symbols so as to recover the signal when
interference occurs
Provides better error correction at receiver, but brings increment of the delay
Types
No Coding
Convolutional Coding (1/2, 1/3)
Turbo Coding (1/3)
Code Block
of N Bits
No Coding
1/2 ConvolutionalCoding
1/3 Convolutional
Coding
1/3 Turbo Coding
Uncoded N bits
Coded 2N+16 bits
Coded 3N+24 bits
Coded 3N+12 bits
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Effect
Interleaving is used to reduce the probability of consecutive bits error
Longer interleaving periods have better data protection with more
delay
WCDMA Interleaving
1110
1..... ... .
.. ... ... ... .
.. .000
0100
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 . . . 1 0 1 1 1
1110
1..... ... .
.. ... ... ... .
.. .000
01000 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
Inter-columnpermutation
Output bits
Input bits
Interleaving periods:
20, 40, or 80 ms
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Orthogonal Code Usage - Coding
UE1: 1 1
UE2: 1 1
C1 : 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
C2 : 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
UE1c1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1UE2c2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
UE1c1 UE2c2 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0
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Orthogonal Code Usage -Decoding
UE1C1 UE2C2: 2 0 2 0 2 0 20
UE1 Dispreading by c1: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Dispreading result: 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0
Integral judgment: 4 (means1) 4 (means1)
UE2 Dispreading by c2: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Dispreading result: 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0
Integral judgment: 4 (means1) 4 (means1)
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Spectrum Analysis of Spreading &Dispreading
Spreading code
Spreading code
Signal
Combination
Narrowband signal
f
P(f)
Broadband signal
P(f)
f
Noise & Other Signal
P(f)
f
Noise+Broadband signal
P(f)
f
Recovered signal
P(f)
f
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Spectrum Analysis of Spreading &Dispreading
Max allowed interference
Eb/NoRequiremen
t
Ebit
Eb / No = Ec / No PG
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Spreading Technology
Spreading consists of 2 steps: Channelization operation, which transforms data symbols into chips
Scrambling operation is applied to the spreading signal
scramblingchannelization
Data
symbol
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WCDMA Channelization Code
SF = chip rate / symbol rate High data rates low SF code
Low data rates high SF code
Radio bearer SF Radio bearer SF
Speech 12.2 UL 64 Speech 12.2 DL 128
Data 64 kbps UL 16 Data 64 kbps DL 32
Data 128 kbps UL 8 Data 128 kbps DL 16
Data 144 kbps UL 8 Data 144 kbps DL 16
Data 384 kbps UL 4 Data 384 kbps DL 8
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Purpose of Channelization Code
Channelization code is used to distinguish differentphysical channels of one transmitter
For downlink, channelization code ( OVSF code ) is
used to separate different physical channels of one
cell For uplink, channelization code ( OVSF code ) is
used to separate different physical channels of one
UE
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Scrambling Code
Scrambling code: GOLD sequence. There are 224long uplink scrambling codes which are used for
scrambling of the uplink signals. Uplink scrambling codes are
assigned by RNC.
For downlink, 512 primary scrambling codes are used.
P i S bli C d G
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Primary Scrambling Code Group
Primary
scrambling
codes for
downlink
physical
channels
Group 0
Primaryscrambling code 0
Primaryscrambling code8*63
Primaryscrambling code8*63 +7
512 primary
scrambling
codes
Group 1
Group 63
Primaryscrambling code 1
Primaryscrambling code 8
64 primary
scrambling code
groups
Each group consists of 8
primary scrambling codes
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Code Multiplexing
NodeB
Scrambling code 3
User 3 signal
Channelization code
Scrambling code 2
User 2 signal
Channelization code
Scrambling code 1
User 1 signal
Channelization code
Uplink Transmission on a Cell Level
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Processing Procedure of WCDMASystem
Source
Coding
Channel Coding& Interleaving
Spreading Modulation
Source
DecodingChannel Decoding
& DeinterleavingDespreading Demodulation
Transmission
Reception
chip modulatedsignalbit symbol
Service
Signal
Radio
Channel
Service
Signal
Receiver
Modulation Overview
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Modulation Overview
1 00 1
time
Basic steady radio
wave:
carrier = A.cos(2Ft+)Amplitude Shift
Keying:
A.cos(2Ft+)Frequency Shift
Keying:
A.cos(2Ft+)Phase Shift Keying:
A.cos(2Ft+)
Data to be transmitted:Digital Input
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Modulation Overview
1
t
1 10
1
t-1
NRZ coding
fo
BPSK
Modulated
BPSKsignal
Carrier
Informationsignal
=0 = =0
1 102 3 4 9875 6
1 102 3 4 9875 6
Digital Input
High Frequency
Carrier
BPSK Waveform
Digital Modulation - BPSK
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Demodulation
QPSK Constellation Diagram
NRZ Output
QPSK Waveform
1 1 -1 1 -1-1 1
-1,1
1
-1,1 -1,1
-1,-11,-1
WCDMA Modulation
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WCDMA Modulation
Different modulation methods
corresponding to different transmittingabilities in air interface
HSDPA: QPSK or
16QAM
R99/R4: QPSK
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Wireless Propagation
Received
Signal
TransmittedSignal
Transmission Loss:
Path Loss + Multi-path Fading
Time
Amplitude
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