ways to control water pollution

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WATER POLUTION

by, deena anuar

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What is water

pollution?• Water pollution is the containation o! water bodies"

• E#$ la%es, ri&ers, oceans, a'uir!ers, #roundwater• Water pollution occurs when pollutants are directly or

indirectly dischar#ed into water bodies withoutade'uate treatent to reo&e har!ul copounds"

• Water pollution a(ects plants and or#aniss li&in# inthese bodies o! water"

•  In alost all cases the e(ect is daa#in# not only to

indi&idual species and populations, but also to thenatural biolo#ical counities

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????Water pollution????

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) *acts o! water pollution

•   The total &olue o! water a&ailable on Earth is about +"billion % and about -./ o! the earth is co&ered in water"

•  The lar#est 'uantities o! water are in the oceans"• *resh water in the world is only 0"1/ o! the total water

a&ailable on this planet" 2a%e sure the water you drin% isclean with this water 3lter"

• Around -./ o! the industrial waste is duped into thewater bodies where they pollute the usable water supply"

•  At least 40. illion people in 5hina do not ha&e access to

clean drin%in# water"• 0./ o! the #roundwater in 5hina is used as drin%in# water

which is hi#hly containated with carcino#enic cheicalswhich cause hi#h le&els o! water pollution"

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6teps to reduce waterpollution

• DO NOT pour !at !ro coo%in# or any other typeo! !at, oil, or #rease down the sin%" 7eep a 8!at

 9ar: under the sin% to collect the !at and discardin the solid waste when !ull"

• Avoid usin# a #arba#e disposal" 7eep solidwastes solid" 2a%e a copost pile !ro &e#etablescraps"

• Run the dishwasher or clothes washer only when

you ha&e a !ull load" This conserves electricityand water"

• Minimize the use o! pesticides, herbicides,!ertili;ers" DO NOT dispose o! these cheicals,

otor oil, or other autooti&e <uids into the

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• >ust because it

disappears,

doesnt ean it#oes away:

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Efects o water pollution on living things

•Water pollution is &ery har!ul to huans, anials andwater li!e" The e(ects can be catastrophic, dependin# onthe %ind o! cheicals, concentrations o! the pollutants andwhere there are polluted" =elow, we shall see a suary

o! the e(ects o! water pollution"• The e(ects o! water pollution are &aried and depend onwhat cheicals are duped and in which locations"

•2any water bodies near urban areas @cities and towns

are hi#hly polluted" This is the result o! both #arba#eduped by indi&iduals and dan#erous cheicals le#allyor ille#ally duped by anu!acturin# industries, healthcenters, schools and ar%et places"

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•Death o aquatic water! animals

• The ain proble caused by waterpollution is that it %ills li!e that depends onthese water bodies" Bead 3sh, crabs, birdsand sea #ulls, dolphins, and any otheranials o!ten wind up on beaches, %illed

by pollutants in their habitat @li&in#en&ironent"

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•Disruption o ood"chains

•Pollution disrupts the natural !ood chain as well" Pollutantssuch as lead and cadiu are eaten by tiny anials" Later,these anials are consued by 3sh and shell3sh, and the

!ood chain continues to be disrupted at all hi#her le&els"•ECaples o! !ood chainD

•Little 3shes eat tiny or#anic particles

• 

•=i# 3shes eat tiny 3shes• 

•Fuans eat 3sh

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•Diseases

• E&entually, huans are a(ected by

this process as well" People can #etdiseases such as hepatitis by eatin#sea!ood that has been poisoned" Inany poor nations, there is alwaysoutbrea% o! cholera and diseases asa result o! poor drin%in# watertreatent !ro containated waters

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•Destruction o ecos#stems

•Ecosystes @the interaction o! li&in#

thin#s in a place, dependin# on eachother !or li!e can be se&erely chan#edor destroyed by water pollution" 2any

areas are now bein# a(ected bycareless huan pollution, and thispollution is coin# bac% to hurt

huans in any ways"

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$ater %uri&cation

•Bippin# your head into a cold ountain strea and ta%in# a lon#re!reshin# drin% is an eCperience that has basically &anished !ro thewilderness areas o! Aerica" With the increased use o! the wildernessthere has also been an increase in the aount o! bacteriolo#icalcontaination o! bac%country water supplies" The U"6" En&ironental

Protection A#ency reports that G. percent o! the worlds water iscontainated in soe way" There are a &ariety o! icroscopic or#anissthat can containate water supplies and cause potentially serious, e&en!atal, illnesses aon# wilderness tra&elers" The a9or dan#er in thebac%country !ro these in!ections is <uid loss due to diarrhea and&oitin#, which can lead to hypo&oleic shoc%"In order to drin% the water,you should be prepared to treat it" There are nuerous ethods o! waterpuri3cation, described below in order o! e(ecti&eness" Reeber,howe&er, that in!ections can also be spread throu#h poor personal hy#iene,soethin# that puri!yin# your water wont pre&ent"

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'iologicall# (ontaminated vs) To*ic $ater

•Biologically contaminated water is water that containsicroor#aniss such as Giardia @a coonicroor#anis that, i! not %illed, leads to intestinaldisorders, bacteria, or &iruses that can lead toin!ections @see Hastrointestinal In!ections, pa#e 4+)"Toxic water sources contain cheical containation!ro pesticide runo(s, ine tailin#s, and so on"=oilin#, 3lterin#, or cheically treatin# water canreo&e or %ill icroor#aniss, but it will not  reo&echeical toCins" This is also the case when usin# asolar still @see pa#e 004"

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'oiling

•=oilin# is the ost certain way o! %illin# allicroor#aniss" Accordin# to the Wilderness 2edical6ociety, water teperatures abo&e +). * @-. 5%ill all patho#ens within 4. inutes and abo&e +J1 *@J1 5 within a !ew inutes" 6o in the tie it ta%es!or the water to reach the boilin# point @0+0 * or+.. 5 !ro +). * @-. 5, all patho#ens will be%illed, e&en at hi#h altitude" To be eCtra sa!e, let thewater boil rapidly !or one inute, especially at hi#heraltitudes since water boils at a lower teperature @seepa#e )J"

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(hemical %uri&cation

•  There are two types o! cheical treatentD thoseusin# iodine and those usin# chlorine" There are a&ariety o! products on the ar%et, so !ollow thedirections on the bottle" =e ad&ised that any o!

the tablets ha&e an eCpiration date and becoeine(ecti&e a!ter that point" Also, once the bottlehas been opened, the tablets ust be used withina certain period" When in doubt, buy a new bottle"

Reeber that cheical puri3cation ethodsay only be partially e(ecti&e, dependin# on thewater teperature" (hlorine Treatment 

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+eneral (hemical Treatment %rocedures

• The e(ecti&eness o! all cheical treatent o! water is related to theteperature, pF le&el, and clarity o! the water" 5loudy water o!tenre'uires hi#her concentrations o! cheical to disin!ect"

• I! the water is cloudy or 3lled with lar#e particles, strain it, usin# a cloth,before treatent" Lar#e particles, i! swallowed, ay be puri3ed only Kon

the outside"K

• Add the cheical to the water and swish it around to aid in dissol&in#"6plash soe o! the water with the cheical onto the lid and the threadso! the water bottle so that all water areas are treated"

• The water should sit !or at least 4. inutes a!ter addin# the cheical toallow puri3cation to occur" I! usin# tablets, let the water sit !or 4.inutes after the tablet has dissol&ed"

•  The colder the water, the less e(ecti&e the cheical is as a puri!yin#a#ent" Research has shown that at 1. * @+. 5,

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• only G. percent o! Giardia cysts were inacti&ated a!ter 4.inutes o! eCposure" I! the water teperature is below. * @ 5, double the treatent tie be!ore drin%in#"It is best i! water is at least ). * @+) 5 be!ore

treatin#" ou can place the water in the sun to war itbe!ore treatin#"

• 5heically treated water can be ade to taste better bypourin# it bac% and !orth between containers, a!ter it has

been ade'uately treated" Other ethods include addin# apinch o! salt per 'uart or addin# <a&orin#s @e"#",leonade iC, etc" a!ter the cheical treatent period"

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,iltration

• There are a nuber o! de&ices on the ar%et that 3lter outicroor#aniss" A water 3lter pups water throu#h aicroscopic 3lter that is rated !or a certainMsi;e or#anis" The standard si;e ratin# is the icron @the period at the end

o! this sentence is about ).. icrons" Bependin# on theicron ratin# o! the 3lter, saller or#aniss @li%e &irusescan pass throu#h" =e cautious when selectin# a 3lter" oushould %now what potential or#aniss you need to treat !or"

 ou dont want to #o to an area where a &irus li%e hepatitisA is present in the water @a proble in soe de&elopin#countries with a 3lter that will handle only a lar#eror#anis li%e Giardia.

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Ways to 5onser&e Water

+" A&oid <ushin# the toilet unnecessarily" Bispose o!tissues, insects, and other such waste in the trash

rather in the toilet"0" Ne&er put water down the drain when there ay be

another use !or it such as waterin# a plant or #arden"4" Ta%e shorter showers"

" 5reate an awareness o! the need !or waterconser&ation aon# the children"

1" Water only when necessary" 2ore plants die !roo&erMwaterin# than !ro underMwaterin#")" When ice cubes are le!to&er !ro your drin%, dont

throw the out" Pour the on a plant"

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Ways to control water

pollution

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6TEP6 TFAT 5AN =E TA7EN =INBIIBUAL6 ANB HOER2ENT

• As an indi&idual we are responsible to controlwater pollution in order to preser&e and conser&eour water resource"

•  The #o&ernent

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Ri&ers in 2alaysia

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• I! this continues, water source in our country willbe depleted and the neCt #eneration wont beable to en9oy clean and sa!e drin%in# water"

•  We i#ht end up drin%in# processed water !ro!aeces or sewa#e "

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 TFE RE6PON6I=ILIT O*HOER2ERNT

• Ho&ernent should educate people so that theyunderstand what water pollution is and are aware o!how to control it by ha&in# capai#ns" *or aneCaple , in United 6tates , United 7in#do,

Australia and >apan throu#h Bi&e A#ainst Bebris,Pro9ect AWARE &olunteer scuba di&ers reo&eundersea litter collected while di&in# and reportresults" Trash reo&ed durin# Bi&e A#ainst

Bebris a%es the ocean sa!er !or arine li!e, andore iportantly, in!oration reported helpsin!or policy chan#e" This also helps in cleanin#the ri&ers and steras 

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• Ho&ernent authorities should ha&ere#ular chec%s on industries to ensure thattheir waste is treated and disposed o! in

correct ways"• Proper sanitary toilets should be build so

that sewa#e is properly collected andtreated" O&erhan#in# latrines alon# ri&er

ban%s should not be used" 

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• Authorities inMchar#e should patrol the seas topre&ent ships !ro dischar#in# oil waste into theseas"

• 6uper&ise lod#in# and openin# up o! land !orhousin# or industries so that siltation and<oodin#"

• Ensure that all antiMpollution laws are !ollowed byre#ular and strict chec%s"

•  

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 TFE RE6PON6I=LIT O* ANINBIIBUAL

• We should not throw #arba#e indrains and ri&ers"

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• We should not throw #arba#e or sewa#einto ponds , la%es and ri&ers"

• We should not build o&erhan#in# latrines

by ri&er ban%s or streas"• We should brin# to the attention o!

authorities any case o! people pollutin#water"