ways organisms interact 4-2

WAYS ORGANISMS INTERACT4-2

http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gifhttp://www.uark.edu/depts/agripub/Publications/Agnews/mosquito.jpg

http://www.mark-ju.net/wildlife/images/monkey03.jpg http://www.dimijianimages.com/Aggression-defense-page4/vultures.jpg

Ways organisms interact______________________

Between SAME and DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Compete with each other for available resources

__________________________Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Hunt and kill other organisms to supply their energy needs

__________________________Between SAME kind of organismsLive together and help each other

__________________________Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms live in close association with another kind of organism

COMPETITION

PREDATION

SYMBIOSIS

COOPERATION

WHAT IS A RESOURCE?Anything needed by an organism for life____________________________________________

Examples:

________________________Nutrients, water, light, space

COMPETITION

FOOD

Organisms in an ecosystem have to compete with each other for available resources.

http://www.harcourtschool.com/glossary/science/images/gr3/community3.jpg

http://www.knology.net/~sgoswald/Eating.jpg

COMPETITIONOrganisms in an ecosystem have tocompete with each other for available resources:

http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Images/LBUN-5K538R/$File/fox_adultandcub.jpghttp://www.gdccc.org/Records/EOY2004/NSEOY.htm

shelter

COMPETITIONOrganisms in an ecosystem have tocompete with each other for availableresources

mates

http://www.wasatchcomputers.net/gallery/elk_fight.jpg

http://www.biocrawler.com/w/images/thumb/3/34/200px-Peacock_courting_peahen.jpg

COMPETITIONOrganisms in an ecosystem have tocompete with each other for availableresources:

space/territory

http://www.rilanationalpark.org/gr.phtml?dir=../../pictures/in_text&img=/65_1180.jpg

http://www.elise.com/weblog/photos/prairie-dogs.jpg

Prairie dogs - 5 to 35 per acreMountain lion- 1 male per 50-300 sq. mi

COMPETITIONOrganisms in an ecosystem have tocompete with each other for availableresources:

LIGHT

http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.htmlhttp://www.csjbacau.ro/gallery/images/Beech%20Tree%20Forest%20in%20Slanic%20Moldova.jpg

Ways organisms interact

___________________Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms

Hunt and kill other organisms to supply their energy needs

PREDATION

http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif

PREDATIONOrganisms in an ecosystem that

capture and eat other organisms to supply their energy needs

http://personal.ecu.edu/wuenschk/rabbit-wolf.gif

http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/pubs/images/wspred_6.jpg

INTERDEPENDENCEAll living and non-living things in anecosystem are interconnected and

changingeven one thing impacts the whole

ecosystem.When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world. 

~John Muir, naturalist, Sierra Club founder

COMPETITIONIf resources are scarce, some organisms

will starve and populations will decrease.

If resources become more plentiful, populations will increase.

Competition in nature often results in a winner and a loser

. . . with the loser failing to survive!

If a nutrient is in _____________OR __________________it will LIMIT the growth of thepopulation= _____________LIMITING FACTOR

SHORT SUPPLYCYCLES SLOWLY

http://www.wspa-international.org/exhibition/gallery/large_DeadKenyan%20droughtSPANA.jpg

During this drought, there was not enough food available and many kangaroosstarved.

REMEMBER: EVERYTHING IS CONNECTED !

A decrease in the prey population means some predators will starve.Fewer predators mean prey population will increase.

Increase in prey means more food for predators.Predator population will increase until there is not enough food . . . and the cycle repeats itself.

BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

LIMITING NUTRIENT

When an ecosystem receives a LARGE inputof limiting nutrient (ie.,fertilizer runoff) thepopulation increases dramatically = ___________

http://www.greenfacts.org/images/glossary/algae-bloom.jpg

The short supply of a limiting nutrient keeps the populationin check.

ALGAL BLOOM

Ways organisms interact

__________________Between SAME kind of organismsLive together and help each other

COOPERATION

http://www.mark-ju.net/wildlife/images/monkey03.jpg

COOPERATIONSame species live together in groups

EX: herds, packs, colonies, families, etc

http://www.kenyatravelideas.com/african-elephants.htmlhttp://www.sphoto.com/medium/meercats37.jpghttp://people.uleth.ca/~d.rendall/groom4.jpg

Share food & childcare responsibilitiesGroom each otherTake care of sick

COOPERATIONSame species live together in groups

EX: herds, packs, colonies, families, etc

Hunt in packs

Provide protection

http://www.knology.net/~sgoswald/Eating.jpghttp://rosswarner.com/zebras1.jpg

Ways organisms interact

__________________________Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Live in close association with another kind of organism

SYMBIOSIS

http://www.zahnersatz.com/english/library/symbiosis.jpg

3 KINDS of SYMBIOSIS______________________Both organisms benefit

______________________One organism benefits;Other is neither harmed nor

helped

_____________________One organism benefits;Other is harmed in some way

MUTUALISM

COMMENSALISM

PARASITISM

MUTUALISM“Good for me - Good for you”

Birds eat parasites living on the hides of giraffes and rhinos while enjoying protection from predators. Groomed animals lose their pests.

http://www.imbt.org/science.htmhttp://www.hugheshome.net/jon/africa02/images/rhino_bird_JPG.jpg

MUTUALISM “Good for me - Good for you”

Insects transfer pollen between plants as theygather nectar for food.

http://www.yksd.com/DistanceEdCourses/YKSDbiology/lessons/SecondQuarterLessons/Chapter5/5-5/images/3-way-mutualism.jpg

http://www.providence.edu/bio/faculty/adams/LECTUREProvCollegeMutualism.html

MUTUALISM “Good for me - Good for you”

Clown fish gets protection from enemies by hiding out in poisonous sea anemones

http://www.zahnersatz.com/english/library/symbiosis.jpg

Sea anemone gets scraps of leftover food dropped by fish

COMMENSALISM“Good for me - Doesn’t bother you”

http://www.geology.wmich.edu/gillespie/g322/Chapters/C16shark.gif

Pilot fish receive scraps of food dropped by shark;Shark is neither harmed nor helped

COMMENSALISM“Good for me - Doesn’t bother

you”

http://www.abyssal.com/meeks/images/hermit_crab.jpg

Hermit crabs make homes in shells abandoned by snails;Snail is not harmed by crab

PARASITISM“Good for me - Hurts you”

Barnacles are crustaceans that attach to the surface of whales and feed on their skin and fluids; Whale is harmed

http://www.geology.wmich.edu/gillespie/g322/Chapters/C16parasitism.whale.gif

PARASITISM“Good for me - Hurts you”

Tick feeds on dog’s blood; Dog has discomfort, can get diseases/infection from bite

http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/guineafowltickphotos.htm

PARASITISM“Good for me - Hurts you”

Tapeworms absorb food by living inside host intestine; host is harmed

http://www.biology.ucok.edu/AnimalBiology/Platyhelminthes/tapeworms.jpg

BIOGEOCHEMICALCYCLES

3-3

http://www.animationlibrary.com/search/?keywords=recycle

See a video clip aboutCYCLES IN NATURE - Chap 3

Energy moves ___________ through the ecosystem. It passes through food chains and is used up or lost.

Matter is constantly _________

http://mff.dsisd.net/Environment/Cycles.htm

Take a deep breath.The atoms you just inhaled may have been inhaled by a dinosaur millions of years ago. http://educ.queensu.ca/~fmc/august2004/pages/dinobreath.html

ENERGY & MATTERONE WAY

RECYCLED

4 ATOMS make up 95% of the body in most organisms

CARBON

HYDROGEN

OXYGEN

NITROGEN

The same molecules are passed around again and again within the biosphere in___________________________BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

WATER CYCLE= ___________________HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

http://www.urbanrivers.org/water_cycle.html

WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT?Makes up 60-70% of your body

Oxygen and Hydrogen are found in all the ________________________: carbohydrates, proteins,

nucleic acids, lipids

Hydrogen in H2O supplies protons (H+) & electrons for_______________

http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm

building blocks of cells

photosynthesis

WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT?Water is a good _________________Many molecules dissolve in water so itprovides a place for chemical reactionsto happen

Water doesn’t change temperature easily so it helps with__________________

http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm

SOLVENT

HOMEOSTASIS

WATER CYCLE

evaporation

condensation

http://www.radio-canada.ca/jeunesse/fd6/000_images/cat/c_buee_c.gif

The return of water tothe surface in the form ofrain, snow, sleet, hail, etc.= ____________________

The evaporation of water from the surface of plant leaves = ________________

http://www.css.cornell.edu/faculty/hmv1/watrshed/Etrans.htm

TRANSPIRATION

PRECIPITATION

PH ONLINE LINK Put in code: cbp-2033 Choose Start

Image edited from: http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/water.html

WATER CYCLE

CARBON CYCLECO2 inatmosphere

CO2 inocean

BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

4 main CARBON reservoirs in BIOSPHERE

CO2 inatmosphere

CO2 inOcean

BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

1.In ____________ as CO2 gas 2.In _______ as dissolved CO2 gas3.On _______ in organisms, rocks, soil4.__________ as coal & petroleum (fossil fuels) and

calcium carbonate in rocks

atmosphereoceanland

Underground

Where does CO2 in atmosphere come from? CO2 in

atmosphere

CO2 inOcean

BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

1.________________ 2.______________ 3._________________4.____________ of dead organisms

Volcanic activityHuman activity (burning fossil fuels)Cellular respiration

Decomposition

WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?

Found in all the _______________ of cells: carbohydrates, proteins,

nucleic acids, lipids

Image by Riedell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm

BUILDING BLOCKS

WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?

Carbon in CO2 provides the atoms for __________ production during __________________... the fuel that all living things depend on.

http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg

GLUCOSEPHOTOSYNTHESIS

N2 in Atmosphere

NH3

NO3-

and NO2-

Section 3-3

NITROGEN CYCLE

BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

WHY IS NITROGEN IMPORTANT?

Image by Riedell

__________________make DNA and RNA

Adenine (nitrogen base) is used in _______

Makes AMINO part of _________ (proteins)

Image by Riedell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm

NITROGEN BASESATP

amino acids

79% of the atmosphere is made up of NITROGEN gas

(N2)

Image by Riedell Image by Riedell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm

BUT we _____ use the nitrogen gas we breathe!

The bond in N2 gas is sostrong it can only be broken by__________________________________________________

CAN’T

lightningVolcanic activityfew special bacteria

http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/images/101nodules21.gif

Bacteria that live ______________and in _________ relationships withplants called _________, take nitrogen from the atmosphere and turn it into ______________, a form that is usable by plants.

THIS PROCESSIS CALLED_________________

in the soilsymbiotic

legumes

AMMONIA (NH3)

NITROGEN FIXATION

Image from: http://www.utdallas.edu/images/departments/biology/misc/gonzalez-image.jpg and http://www.cibike.org/CartoonEating.gif modified by Riedell

Other bacteria in the soil convertammonia into ________________& _________________which plants can also use. The nitrogen we need for proteins, ATP, and nucleic acids comes from

the ___________ ___________ we breathe!

NITRATES (NO3- )

FOOD WE EATNOT THE AIR

& NITRITES (NO2-)

N2 in Atmosphere

NH3

NO3-

and NO2-

Section 3-3

NITROGEN CYCLE

BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

Bacteria that live ______________also carry out the reverse process

___________ → _____________.

THIS PROCESSIS CALLED_________________

in the soil

NITRATES & NITRITES NITROGEN GAS

DENITRIFICATION

PHOSPHORUS CYCLE

Weathering wears away rocks and sediments and releases phosphate into soil and water

Image from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

Producers absorb phosphate from soil and water

Phosphate moves through food web

Phosphate returns to soil and water from waste or decomposition

Sediments form “new land”to complete cycle

Phosphorus cycle is only biogeochemicalcycle that does NOT cycle through the

______________

BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

atmosphere

WHY IS PHOSPHORUS IMPORTANT?

Image by Riedell

Makes DNA and RNA

Transfers energy as ATP

Makes phospholipids for cell membranes

Image by Riedell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm

SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS

9-12.L.3.1. Students are able to identify factors that can cause changes in stability of populations, communities, and ecosystems.

• Define populations, communities, ecosystems, niches

and symbiotic relationships.• Predict the results of biotic and abiotic interactions.

Examples:Dormancy and migrationFluctuation in available resources (water, food, shelter)Biogeochemical cycles Energy flowCooperation and competition in ecosystems

LIFE SCIENCE:Indicator 3: Analyze how organisms are linked to one another and the environment.

SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS

9-12.L.3.1. Students are able to identify factors that can cause changes in stability of populations, communities, and ecosystems.

• Define populations, communities, ecosystems, niches and symbiotic relationships.

• Predict the results of biotic and abiotic interactions.Examples:Fluctuation in available resources (water, food, shelter)Energy flow

LIFE SCIENCE:Indicator 3: Analyze how organisms are linked to one another and the environment.

Core High School Life/Earth Science

Performance DescriptorsHigh school students performing at the ADVANCED level:

predict the effect of an interruption in a given cycles

High school students performing at the PROFICIENT level:

predict how life systems respond to changes in the environment; explain how H20, N, C, and O cycle between living and non-living systems;describe how various factors may affect global climate;

High school students performing at the BASIC level:

given pictorial representations of the H20 and C cycles explain how elements and compounds move between living and nonliving systemsdescribe one factor that may affect global climate

SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS

9-12.L.3.1. Students are able to identify factors that can cause changes in stability of populations, communities, and ecosystems.

• Predict the results of biotic and abiotic interactions.Examples: Fluctuation in available resources (water, food, shelter)

Biogeochemical cycles

LIFE SCIENCE:Indicator 3: Analyze how organisms are linked to one another and the environment.

9-12.E.1.1. Students are able to explain how elements and compounds cycle between living and non-living systems.

• Diagram and describe the N, C, O and H2O cycles.

• Describe the importance of the N, C, O and H2O cycles to life on this planet.

Examples: water cycle including evaporation, cloud formation, condensation.

Indicator 1: Analyze the various structures and processes of the Earth system.

SOUTH DAKOTA CORE EARTH SCIENCE STANDARDS

SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS

9-12.E.1.1.A Students are able to explain how elements and compounds cycle between living and non-living systems.

• Diagram and describe the P, S, and Ca cycles.

EARTH SCIENCE:Indicator 1: Analyze the various structures and processes of the Earth system.

Core High School Earth SciencePerformance Descriptors

High school students performing at the ADVANCED level:

predict the effect of an interruption in a given cycles;predict how human activity may change the land, ocean,

and atmosphere of Earth.

High school students performing at the PROFICIENT level:

explain how H20, N, C, and O cycle between living and non-living systems;explain how human activity changes the land, ocean, and atmosphere of Earth.

High school students performing at the BASIC level

explain how H20, N, C, and O cycle between living and non-living systems;give an example of human activity that changes the land, ocean, or atmosphere of Earth.

IMAGE BIBLIOGRAPHY

Paint image by Riedell

Paint image by Riedell

http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCHEM2.html#Organic%20molecules

http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/summer2004/lect02.htm

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif

http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.html

http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG

http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_nucleus.html

http://classes.kumc.edu/som/bioc801/lectures/images/mem01-08.gif

http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly.gif

http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/147b.gif

http://www.carolguze.com/text/102-19-tissuesorgansystems.shtml

http://academic.pg.cc.md.us/~aimholtz/AandP/206_ONLINE/Immune/Innate_Images/cilia.jpg

http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpe

http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookAnimalTS.html

http://www.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/~anatomy2/BON/1016A03.jpg

http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg

http://www.proctitispages.force9.co.uk/

http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif

http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/homepage.htm

http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/animal%20dissections.htm

http://bestanimations.com

http://www.harrythecat.com/graphics/

http://vilenski.org/science/safari/fungus/fungus.html