waves and optics formula velocity equals the product of the frequency and the wavelength formula:...
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Waves and optics formula
Velocity equals the product of the frequency and the wavelength
Formula: Units Index of refraction of a medium equals the ratio of the
speed of light in a vacuum and the speed of light in the medium
Formula Units
Waves and optics formula
Velocity equals the product of the frequency and the wavelength
Formula: v=f Units m=1 m s s Index of refraction of a medium equals the ratio of the
speed of light in a vacuum and the speed of light in the medium
Formula Units
Waves and optics formula
Velocity equals the product of the frequency and the wavelength Formula: v=f Units m=1 m s s Index of refraction of a medium equals the ratio of the speed of light
in a vacuum and the speed of light in the medium Formula n = c v Units none=m/s m/s
Waves and optics formula
Snell's law: the product of the index of refraction and the sin of the incident angle equals the product of the index of refraction of the second medium and the sin of the refracted angle
n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2
The sin of the critical angle ( Above this incident angle, will reflect, but will not refract ) equals the ratio of the index of refraction in the second medium and the index of refraction of the first medium
Sin c = n2
n1
Waves and optics formula
Snell's law: the product of the index of refraction and the sin of the incident angle equals the product of the index of refraction of the second medium and the sin of the refracted angle
n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2
The sin of the critical angle ( Above this incident angle, will reflect, but will not refract ) equals the ratio of the index of refraction in the second medium and the index of refraction of the first medium
Sin c = n2
n1
Waves and optics formula
Snell's law: the product of the index of refraction and the sin of the incident angle equals the product of the index of refraction of the second medium and the sin of the refracted angle
n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2
The sin of the critical angle ( Above this incident angle, will reflect, but will not refract ) equals the ratio of the index of refraction in the second medium and the index of refraction of the first medium
Sin c = n2
n1
Waves and optics formula
Formula used for the relationships between image location, object location and the focal length of the lens or mirror
1 + 1 = 1 si so f
The magnification equals the ration of the image height to the object height or the negative ratio of the image location to the object location
M = hi M = - si ho so
Waves and optics formula
Formula used for the relationships between image location, object location and the focal length of the lens or mirror
1 + 1 = 1 si so f
The magnification equals the ration of the image height to the object height or the negative ratio of the image location to the object location
M = hi M = - si ho so
Waves and Optics Formula
The focal length equals the radius of curvature divided by 2 for lens and mirrors
f = R 2
Waves and Optics Formula
The focal length equals the radius of curvature divided by 2 for lens and mirrors
f = R 2
Waves and Optics Formula
Interference formula single slit equals the d sin = m d = single slit width sin f = diffraction angle m = 1,2,.. Minima The position of xm ( 1,2 minima) equals product of the minima, wavelength , distance to screen divided by
the slit width xm = m L d
Waves and Optics Formula
Interference formula single slit equals the d sin = m d = single slit width sin f = diffraction angle m = 1,2,.. Minima The position of xm ( 1,2 minima) equals product of the minima, wavelength , distance to screen divided by
the slit width xm = m L d
Waves and Optics Formula
Interference formula single slit equals the d sin = m d = single slit width sin f = diffraction angle m = 1,2,.. Minima The position of xm ( 1,2 minima) equals product of the minima, wavelength , distance to screen divided by
the slit width xm = m L d
Waves and Optics Formula
Interference formula single slit equals the d sin = m d = single slit width sin= diffraction angle m = 1,2,.. Minima The position of xm ( 1,2 minima) equals product of the minima, wavelength , distance to screen divided by
the slit width xm = m L d
Waves and Optics Formula
Interference formula single slit equals the d sin = m d = single slit width sin= diffraction angle m = 1,2,.. Minima The position of xm ( 1,2 minima) equals product of the minima, wavelength , distance to screen divided by
the slit width xm = m L d
Waves and Optics Formula
Interference formula single slit equals the d sin = m d = single slit width sin= diffraction angle m = 1,2,.. Minima The position of xm ( 1,2 minima) equals product of the minima,
wavelength , distance to screen divided by the slit width xm = m L
d
Waves and Optics Formula
Interference formula single slit equals the d sin = m d = single slit width sin= diffraction angle m = 1,2,.. Minima The position of xm ( 1,2 minima) equals product of the minima,
wavelength , distance to screen divided by the slit width xm = m L
d
Waves and Optics Formula
Interference formula single slit equals the d sin = m d = single slit width sin= diffraction angle m = 1,2,.. Minima The position of xm ( 1,2 minima) equals product of the minima,
wavelength , distance to screen divided by the slit width xm = m L
d
Waves and Optics Formula
Interference formula double or multiple slit equals the d sin = m d = distance between slits sin= diffraction angle m = 1,2,.. Maxima The position of xm ( 1,2 maxima) equals product of the maxima,
wavelength , distance to screen divided by the slit width xm = m L
d
Plane Mirror
Plane Mirror
Plane Mirror
Plane Mirror
Plane Mirror
Plane Mirror
Plane Mirror
Plane Mirror
Plane Mirror
Plane Mirror
Plane Mirror
So equals Si
Plane Mirror
So equals Si
Image is upright, virtual, and same size
Plane Mirror
So equals Si
Image is upright, virtual, and same size
Plane Mirror
So equals Si
Image is upright, virtual, and same size
Plane Mirror
So equals SiImage is upright, virtual, and same size
Plane Mirror
Plane Mirror
Plane Mirror
Plane Mirror
Plane Mirror
Plane Mirror
Plane Mirror
Image upright
Plane Mirror
Image upright, virtual,
Plane Mirror
Image upright, virtual, same size
Plane Mirror
Block ½ mirror?
Plane Mirror
Block ½ mirror? Image upright, virtual, same size
Plane Mirror
Block ½ mirror? Image upright, virtual, same sizeDimmer
Shadows
Shadows
Elicpses – lunar, solar
Convex Mirror
So=10 cm
Convex Mirror
So=10 cm R=6cm f=3cm
Convex Mirror
So=10 cm R=6cm f=3cm
Concave Mirror
So=10 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
Concave Mirror
Concave Mirror
Concave Mirror
Concave Mirror
Concave Mirror
Concave Mirror
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.28 cm
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.28 cm
So=10 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=10 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=10 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=10 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=10 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=10 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Convex Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=10 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Convex Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=10 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=10 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=10 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=10 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=10 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=10 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Smaller
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=3.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=3.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=3.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=3.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=3.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=3.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real LargerParallel Rays
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=3.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real LargerParallel Rays - No Image
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/2.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/2.5cm = 1/ si
Si = -15.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/2.5cm = 1/ si
Si = -15.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-15.0 cm) 2.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/2.5cm = 1/ si
Si = -15.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-15.0 cm) 2.5 cmM =+6.0
Inverted Real Larger
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/2.5cm = 1/ si
Si = -15.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-15.0 cm) 2.5 cmM =+6.0
Upright Virtual Larger
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/2.5cm = 1/ si
Si = -15.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-15.0 cm) 2.5 cmM =+6.0
Upright Virtual Larger
Concave Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/2.5cm = 1/ si
Si = -15.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-15.0 cm) 2.5 cmM =+6.0
Upright Virtual Larger
Convex Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Convex Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Convex Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Convex Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Convex Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Convex Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Convex Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Convex Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Convex Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Convex Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Convex Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Convex Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/(-3cm) - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Convex Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/(-3cm) - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = -1.8 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Convex Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/(-3cm) - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = -1.8 cm
M = - si / so = - (-1.8 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Convex Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/(-3cm) - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = -1.8 cm
M = - si / so = - (-1.8 cm 4.5 cmM = + .40
Inverted Real Larger
Convex Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/(-3cm) - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = -1.8 cm
M = - si / so = - (-1.8 cm 4.5 cmM = + .40
Upright Real Larger
Convex Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/(-3cm) - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = -1.8 cm
M = - si / so = - (-1.8 cm 4.5 cmM = + .40
Upright Virtual Larger
Convex Mirror
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/(-3cm) - 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = -1.8 cm
M = - si / so = - (-1.8 cm 4.5 cmM = + .40
Upright Virtual Smaller
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
Incident Distance as a function of Refracted Distance to Normal
0
24
6
0 1 2 3 4
Refracted distance
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
Incident Distance as a function of Refracted Distance to Normal
0
24
6
0 1 2 3 4
Refracted distance
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
incident
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
incident
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
incident
refracted
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
incident
refracted
n1dincident=n2drefracted
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
incident
refracted
n1dincident=n2drefracted
sinincident =dincident
radius
sinefracted = drefracted
radius
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
incident
refracted
n1dincident=n2drefracted
sinincident =dincident
radius
sinefracted = drefracted
radius
Therefore
n1sinincident=n2sinrefracted
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
incident
refracted
n1dincident=n2drefracted
sinincident =dincident
radius
sinefracted = drefracted
radius
Therefore
n1sinincident=n2sinrefracted
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
incident = 100
refracted
n1dincident=n2drefracted
sinincident =dincident
radius
sinefracted = drefracted
radius
Therefore
n1sinincident=n2sinrefracted
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
incident = 100
refracted =7.50
n1dincident=n2drefracted
sinincident =dincident
radius
sinefracted = drefracted
radius
Therefore
n1sinincident=n2sinrefracted
RefractionIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
incident = 100
refracted =7.50
n1dincident=n2drefracted
sinincident =dincident
radius
sinefracted = drefracted
radius
Therefore
n1sinincident=n2sinrefracted
n1 = air = 1.0
Refraction-Snell’s LawIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
incident = 100
refracted =7.50
n1dincident=n2drefracted
sinincident =dincident
radius
sinefracted = drefracted
radius
Therefore
n1sinincident=n2sinrefracted
n1 = air = 1.0
Sin 10o = n2 = nwater = 1.33
Sin 7.5o
Refraction-Snell’s LawIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
incident = 100
refracted =7.50
n1dincident=n2drefracted
sinincident =dincident
radius
sinefracted = drefracted
radius
Therefore
n1sinincident=n2sinrefracted
n1 = air = 1.0
Sin 10o = n2 = nwater = 1.33
Sin 7.5o
Refraction-Snell’s LawIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Index of Refraction (n) n1dincident=n2drefracted
n1 = air = 1.00
n1dincident = n2
drefracted
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
Slope = 1.33=n2=nwater
water
air
incident = 100
refracted =7.50
n1dincident=n2drefracted
sinincident =dincident
radius
sinefracted = drefracted
radius
Therefore
n1sinincident=n2sinrefracted
n1 = air = 1.0
Sin 10o = n2 = nwater = 1.33
Sin 7.5o
Refraction-Snell’s LawIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
water
air
incident = 100
refracted =13.50
n1sinincident=n2sinrefracted
n2 = air = 1.0
n1 = nwater = sinefracted
sinncident
sin 13.5o = n1 = nwater = 1.34
sin 10.0o
Refraction-Snell’s LawIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
water
air
incident = 100
refracted =13.50
n1sinincident=n2sinrefracted
n2 = air = 1.0
n1 = nwater = sinefracted
sinncident
sin 13.5o = n1 = nwater = 1.34
sin 10.0o
Refraction-Snell’s LawIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
water
air
incident = 100
refracted =13.50
n1sinincident=n2sinrefracted
n2 = air = 1.0
n1 = nwater = sinefracted
sinncident
sin 13.5o = n1 = nwater = 1.34
sin 10.0o
Refraction-Snell’s LawIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
water
air
incident = 100
refracted =13.50
n1sinincident=n2sinrefracted
n2 = air = 1.0
n1 = nwater = sinefracted
sinncident
sin 13.5o = n1 = nwater = 1.34
sin 10.0o
Refraction-Snell’s LawIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
water
air
incident = 100
refracted =13.50
n1sinincident=n2sinrefracted
n2 = air = 1.0
n1 = nwater = sinefracted
sinncident
sin 13.5o = n1 = nwater = 1.34
sin 10.0o
Refraction-Snell’s LawIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
water
air
incident = 100
refracted =13.50
n1sinincident=n2sinrefracted
n2 = air = 1.0
n1 = nwater = sinefracted
sinncident
sin 13.5o = n1 = nwater = 1.34
sin 10.0o
Refraction-Snell’s LawIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
water
air
incident = 100
refracted =13.50
n1sinincident=n2sinrefracted
n2 = air = 1.0
n1 = nwater = sinefracted
sinncident
sin 13.5o = n1 = nwater = 1.34
sin 10.0o
Refraction-Snell’s LawIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
water
air
incident = 100
refracted =13.50
n1sinincident=n2sinrefracted
n2 = air = 1.0
n1 = nwater = sinefracted
sinncident
sin 13.5o = n1 = nwater = 1.34
sin 10.0o
Refraction-Snell’s LawIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
water
air
incident = 100
refracted =13.50
n1sinincident=n2sinrefracted
n2 = air = 1.0
n1 = nwater = sinefracted
sinncident
sin 13.5o = n1 = nwater = 1.34
sin 10.0o
Refraction-Snell’s LawIncident RayDistance to normal1.33 cm2.00 cm2.66 cm3.33 cm4.00 cm
Refracted Distance to Normal1.00 cm1.50 cm2.00 cm2.50 cm3.00 cm
Therefore dincident / drefracted = n2
water
air
incident = 100
refracted =13.50
n1sinincident=n2sinrefracted
n2 = air = 1.0
n1 = nwater = sinefracted
sinncident
sin 13.5o = n1 = nwater = 1.34
sin 10.0o
Refraction
incident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Towards normal when
ni < nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Away from normal
when ni > nr
Refraction
incident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Towards normal when
ni < nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Away from normal
when ni > nr
Refractionincident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Towards normal when
ni < nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Away from normal
when ni > nr
Refractionincident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Towards normal when
ni < nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Away from normal
when ni > nr
Refractionincident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Towards normal when
ni < nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Away from normal
when ni > nr
Refractionincident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Towards normal when
ni < nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Away from normal
when ni > nr
Refractionincident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Towards normal when
ni < nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Away from normal
when ni > nr
Refractionincident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Towards normal when
ni < nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Away from normal
when ni > nr
nair = 1.0
Refractionincident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Towards normal when
ni < nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Away from normal
when ni > nr
nair = 1.0
Nglass 1.3
Refractionincident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Towards normal when
ni < nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Away from normal
when ni > nr
nair = 1.0
Nglass1.3
Refractionincident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Towards normal when
ni < nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Away from normal
when ni > nr
nair = 1.0
Nglass 1.3
Refractionincident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Towards normal when
ni < nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Away from normal
when ni > nr
nair = 1.0
Nglass1.3
Refractionincident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Towards normal when
ni < nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Away from normal
when ni > nr
velocity of light decreases v = c nFrequency remainsthe same
n = vacuum
n
nglass = 1.3
nair = 1.0
Refractionincident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Towards normal when
ni < nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Away from normal
when ni > nr
velocity of light decreases v = c nFrequency remainsthe same
n = vacuum
n
nair = 1.0
nglass = 1.3
Refractionincident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Towards normal when
ni < nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Away from normal
when ni > nr
velocity of light decreases v = c nFrequency remainsthe same
n = vacuum
n
nair=1.0
nglass = 1.3
Refraction
incident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Away from normal when
ni > nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Toward normal
when ni > nr
velocity of light decreases v = c n
Refraction
incident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Away from normal when
ni > nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Toward normal
when ni > nr
velocity of light decreases v = c n
Refraction
incident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Away from normal when
ni > nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Toward normal
when ni > nr
velocity of light decreases v = c n
Refraction
incident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Away from normal when
ni > nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Toward normal
when ni > nr
velocity of light decreases v = c n
Refraction
incident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Away from normal when
ni > nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Toward normal
when ni > nr
velocity of light decreases v = c n
Refraction
incident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Away from normal when
ni > nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Toward normal
when ni > nr
velocity of light decreases v = c n
Refraction
incident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Away from normal when
ni > nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Toward normal
when ni > nr
velocity of light decreases v = c n
Refraction
incident
Normal
refracted r
incident
refracted r
Away from normal when
ni > nr (n=index of refraction
or optical density )
Toward normal
when ni > nr
velocity of light decreases v = c n
Snell’s Law
Incident = 10o Refracted = 6.5o
n1 for air = 1.0 n2 = ?
100 6.50
n1sin i = n2 sin 2
n1sin i = n2 = 1.0 sin 10o =1.5sin 2 sin 6.50
Snell’s Law
Incident = 15o Refracted = 9.2o
n1 for air = 1.0 n2 = ?
150 9.20
n1sin i = n2 sin 2
n1sin i = n2 = 1.0 sin 10o =1.5sin 2 sin 9.20
Snell’s Law
Incident = 20o Refracted = 16.1o
n1 for air = 1.0 n2 = ?
200 16.10
n1sin i = n2 sin 2
n1sin i = n2 = 1.0 sin 20o =1.5sin 2 sin 16.10
Snell’s Law
Incident = 10.0o Refracted = 15.4o
n1 = ? n2 = 1.0 (air)
100
15.40
n1sin i = n2 sin 2
n1 = n2 sin 2 = = 1.0 sin 15.40 =1.5 sin 1 sin 10.00
Snell’s Law
Incident = 15.0o Refracted = 23.3o
n1 = ? n2 = 1.0 (air)
150
23.30
n1sin i = n2 sin 2
n1 = n2 sin 2 = = 1.0 sin 23.30 =1.5 sin 1 sin 15.00
Critical Angle-Total Internal Reflection
Incident = ? If n1=1.5 n2=nair=1.0
sin c = n2
n1
c = 42o
The larger the difference between n2 and n1 the smaller the ratio and the lower the critical angle
30.10
n1sin i = n2 sin 2
Critical Angle-Total Internal Reflection
Incident = ? If n1=1.5 n2=nair=1.0
sin c = n2
n1
c = 42o
The larger the difference between n2 and n1 the smaller the ratio and the lower the critical angle
30.10
n1sin i = n2 sin 2
Critical Angle-Total Internal Reflection
Incident = ? If n1=1.5 n2=nair=1.0
sin c = n2
n1
c = 42o
The larger the difference between n2 and n1 the smaller the ratio and the lower the critical angle
30.10
n1sin i = n2 sin 2
Critical Angle-Total Internal Reflection
Incident = ? If n1=1.5 n2=nair=1.0
sin c = n2 =1.0
n1 1.5
c = 42o
The larger the difference between n2 and n1 the smaller the ratio and the lower the critical angle
30.10
n1sin i = n2 sin 2
Snell’s Law
Incident = 20.0o Refracted = 31.6o
n1 = ? n2 = 1.0 (air)
20.00
30.10
n1sin i = n2 sin 2
n1 = n2 sin 2 = = 1.0 sin 31.60 =1.5 sin 1 sin 20.00
Critical Angle-Total Internal Reflection
Incident = ? If n1=1.5 n2=nair=1.0
sin c = n2
n1
c = 42o
Refracted = 31.6o
n1 = ? n2 = 1.0 (air)
30.10
n1sin i = n2 sin 2
Critical Angle-Total Internal Reflection
Incident = ? If n1=1.5 n2=nair=1.0
sin c = n2
n1
c = 42o
Any incident angle above that critical angle will only reflect.
30.10
n1sin i = n2 sin 2
Critical Angle-Total Internal Reflection
Incident = ? If n1=1.5 n2=nair=1.0
sin c = n2
n1
c = 42o
The larger the difference between n2 and n1 the smaller the ratio and the lower the critical angle
30.10
n1sin i = n2 sin 2
Critical Angle-Total Internal Reflection
Incident = ? If n1=1.5 n2=nair=1.0
sin c = n2
n1
c = 42o
The larger the difference between n2 and n1 the smaller the ratio and the lower the critical angle
30.10
n1sin i = n2 sin 2
Critical Angle-Total Internal Reflection
Incident = ? If n1=1.5 n2=nair=1.0
sin c = n2
n1
c = 42o
The larger the difference between n2 and n1 the smaller the ratio and the lower the critical angle
30.10
n1sin i = n2 sin 2
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.0 1.4 1.0
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.0 1.4 1.0
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.0 1.4 1.0
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.0 1.4 1.0
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.0 1.4 1.0
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.0 1.4 1.0
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.0 1.4 1.0
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.0 1.4 1.0
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.0 1.4 1.0
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.0 1.4 1.0
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.0 1.4 1.0
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.0 1.4 1.0
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.0 1.4 1.0
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.0 1.4 1.0
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.0 1.4 1.0
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.0 1.4 1.0
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.0 1.4 1.0
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.0 1.4 1.0
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.0 1.4 1.0
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.0 1.4 1.0
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.0 1.4 1.0
36o
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.0 1.4 1.0
36o
Law of Reflection
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.4 1.0 1.41.0
How would the reflection and refraction be different ?
150150
Law of Reflection
10.7o
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin 1 = n2 sin 2
n1sin 1 = sin 2
n2
1.0sin 150 = sin 2
1.410.7o = 2
Snell’s law – Refraction
n1sin f1 = n2 sin f2
n1sin f1 = sin f2
n2
1.4sin 360 = sin 2
1.0 45.6o = 2
36o
45.6o
1.4 1.0 1.41.0
How would the reflection and refraction be different ?
So=9.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
So=9.0 cm R=6cm f= +3cm
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
So=9.0 cm R=6cm f= +3cm
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
So=9.0 cm R=6cm f= +3cm
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=9.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=9.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/10cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=9.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/9cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=9.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/9cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=9.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/9cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=9.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/9cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=9.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/9cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=9.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/9cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=9.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/9cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.29 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=9.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/9cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.5 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.29 cm 10 cmM = - .429
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=9.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/9cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.5 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.5 cm 9.0 cmM = - .50
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=9.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/9cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.5 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.5 cm 9.0 cmM = - .50
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=9.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/9cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.5 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.5 cm 9.0 cmM = - .50
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=9.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/9cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.5 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.5 cm 9.0 cmM = - .50
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/9cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.5 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.5 cm 9.0 cmM = - .50
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/9cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.5 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.5 cm 9.0 cmM = - .50
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/9cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.5 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.5 cm 9.0 cmM = - .50
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/9cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.5 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.5 cm 9.0 cmM = - .50
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/9cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.5 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.5 cm 9.0 cmM = - .50
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/9cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.5 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.5 cm 9.0 cmM = - .50
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/9cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.5 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.5 cm 9.0 cmM = - .50
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/9cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.5 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.5 cm 9.0 cmM = - .50
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 4.5 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.5 cm 9.0 cmM = - .50
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 4.5 cm 9.0 cmM = - .50
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Smaller
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=6.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm - 1/6cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 6.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 6.0 cm 6.0 cmM = - 1.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Same Size
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=3.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=3.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=3.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
Inverted Real Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=3.0 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
No Image- Parallel RaysReal Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.1 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
No Image- Parallel RaysReal Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.1 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
No Image- Parallel RaysReal Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.1 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
No Image- Parallel RaysReal Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.1 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
No Image- Parallel RaysReal Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.1 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
No Image- Parallel RaysReal Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.1 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
No Image- Parallel RaysReal Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.1 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/2.1cm = 1/ si
Si = 9.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
No Image- Parallel RaysReal Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.1 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/2.1cm = 1/ si
Si = -7.0 cm
M = - si / so = - 9.0 cm 4.5 cmM = - 2.0
No Image- Parallel RaysReal Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.1 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/2.1cm = 1/ si
Si = -7.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-7.0 cm 2.1 cmM = +3.33
No Image- Parallel RaysReal Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.1 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/2.1cm = 1/ si
Si = -7.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-7.0 cm 2.1 cmM = +3.33
Upright
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.1 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/2.1cm = 1/ si
Si = -7.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-7.0 cm 2.1 cmM = +3.33
Upright Virtual
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=2.1 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/2.1cm = 1/ si
Si = -7.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-7.0 cm 2.1 cmM = +3.33
Upright Virtual Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/2.1cm = 1/ si
Si = -7.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-7.0 cm 2.1 cmM = +3.33
Upright Virtual Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=+3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/2.1cm = 1/ si
Si = -7.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-7.0 cm 2.1 cmM = +3.33
Upright Virtual Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/2.1cm = 1/ si
Si = -7.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-7.0 cm 2.1 cmM = +3.33
Upright Virtual Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/2.1cm = 1/ si
Si = -7.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-7.0 cm 2.1 cmM = +3.33
Upright Virtual Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/2.1cm = 1/ si
Si = -7.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-7.0 cm 2.1 cmM = +3.33
Upright Virtual Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/2.1cm = 1/ si
Si = -7.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-7.0 cm 2.1 cmM = +3.33
Upright Virtual Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/2.1cm = 1/ si
Si = -7.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-7.0 cm 2.1 cmM = +3.33
Upright Virtual Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/2.1cm = 1/ si
Si = -7.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-7.0 cm 2.1 cmM = +3.33
Upright Virtual Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/2.1cm = 1/ si
Si = -7.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-7.0 cm 2.1 cmM = +3.33
Upright Virtual Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/2.1cm = 1/ si
Si = -7.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-7.0 cm 2.1 cmM = +3.33
Upright Virtual Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/2.1cm = 1/ si
Si = -7.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-7.0 cm 2.1 cmM = +3.33
Upright Virtual Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/2.1cm = 1/ si
Si = -7.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-7.0 cm 2.1 cmM = +3.33
Upright Virtual Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/2.1cm = 1/ si
Si = -7.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-7.0 cm 2.1 cmM = +3.33
Upright Virtual Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/3cm – 1/2.1cm = 1/ si
Si = -7.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-7.0 cm 2.1 cmM = +3.33
Upright Virtual Larger
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
Upright Virtual Larger
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/(-3cm) – 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = -7.0 cm
M = - si / so = - (-7.0 cm 2.1 cmM = +3.33
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
Upright Virtual Larger
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/(-3cm) – 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = -1.8 cm
M = - si / so = - (-7.0 cm 2.1 cmM = +3.33
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
Upright Virtual Larger
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/(-3cm) – 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = -1.8 cm
M = - si / so = - (-1.8 cm 4.5 cmM = .40
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
Upright Virtual Larger
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/(-3cm) – 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = -1.8 cm
M = - si / so = - (-1.8 cm 4.5 cmM = .40
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
Upright Virtual Larger
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/(-3cm) – 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = -1.8 cm
M = - si / so = - (-1.8 cm 4.5 cmM = .40
Converging Lens
Si = 4.29 cm
So=4.5 cm R=6cm f=-3cm
Upright Virtual Smaller
1/f = 1/so + 1/si
1/f-1/so= 1/si
1/(-3cm) – 1/4.5cm = 1/ si
Si = -1.8 cm
M = - si / so = - (-1.8 cm 4.5 cmM = .40
Compound Optical Instruement
do=___? h= ____
f1 =___ cm f2 = ___ cm
1. Measure do, f1, ,f2 h and draw rays to determine initial and final di
2. Calculate initial and final di positions3. Measure final h and determine magnification by drawing and by calculations
Compound Microscope
Compound Microscope
Compound Microscope
Compound Microscope
Compound Microscope
Compound Microscope
So=29h=.67
f=15
Si=31M=31/29M=1.07H=.75
Compound Microscope
fe=26
So=17
Compound Microscope
Compound Microscope
Compound Microscope
Compound Microscope
Compound Microscope
Compound Optical Instruement
f=26
So=17h=.75
Si=-49h = 2.0M=49/17M=2.9
Compound Microscope
Diffraction
Path length differences produce constructive Interference if
path length difference is a whole number multiples of the wavelength
Destructive Interference will occur if
path length difference is multiples of ½ of a wavelength
Diffraction
Path length differences produce constructive Interference if
path length difference is a whole number multiples of the wavelength
Destructive Interference will occur if
path length difference is multiples of ½ of a wavelength
Diffraction
Path length differences produce constructive Interference if
path length difference is a whole number multiples of the wavelength
Destructive Interference will occur if
path length difference is multiples of ½ of a wavelength
Single Slit Interference
Single Slit Interference
Single Slit Interference
Single Slit Interference
Single Slit Interference
Single Slit Interference
Single Slit Interference
Single Slit Interference
Single Slit
max
min
Single Slit
max
min
min
Single Slit
max
Min
Min
Min
Min
Single Slit
max
min
Single Slit Diffraction
Single Slit Diffraction
Single Slit Diffraction
Single Slit Diffraction
Single Slit Diffraction
Single Slit Diffraction
Single Slit Diffraction
Single Slit Diffraction
d
Sin = opp = m hyp d m = 0,1,2… for minima
Single Slit Diffraction
d
Sin = opp = m hyp d m = 0,1,2… for minima
Single Slit Diffraction
d
Sin = opp = m hyp d m = 0,1,2… for minima
Single Slit Diffraction
d
Sin = opp = m hyp d m = 0,1,2… for minima
Single Slit Diffraction
d
Sin = opp = m hyp d m = 0,1,2… for minima
Single Slit Diffraction
d
Sin = opp = m hyp d m = 1,2… for minima
Single Slit Diffraction
d
Sin = opp = m hyp d m = 1,2… for minima
Single Slit Diffraction
Sin = opp = m hyp d m = 1,2… for minima
Single Slit
max
min
Single Slit
max
min
L = distance to screen
Single Slit
max
min
L = distance to screen
xm
Xm distanceTo minima
Single Slit
max
min
Tan = xm
L
xm
Xm distanceTo minima
Single Slit
max
min
Tan = xm
L
xm
Xm distanceTo minima
Sin = m d
Single Slit
max
min
Tan = xm
L
xm
Xm distanceTo minima
Sin = m d
Tan = sin
Single Slit
max
min
Tan = xm
L
xm
Xm distanceTo minima
Sin = m d
Tan = sin Xm = m L d
Young’s Double Slit Experiment
Young’s Double Slit Experiment
Young’s Double Slit Experiment
Young’s Double Slit Experiment
Young’s Double Slit Experiment
Young’s Double Slit Experiment
Max
Young’s Double Slit Experiment
Max
Young’s Double Slit Experiment
Max
Max
Young’s Double Slit Experiment
Max
Max
Max
Young’s Double Slit Experiment
Max
Max
Max
Young’s Double Slit Experiment
Max
Max
Max
Young’s Double Slit Experiment
Max
Max
Max
Young’s Double Slit Experiment
Max
Max
Max
Young’s Double Slit Experiment
Max
Max
Max
Young’s Double Slit Experiment
Max
Max
Max
Sin = m = xm d L
Length (L) to screen
Young’s Double Slit Experiment
Max
Max
Max
Sin = m = xm d L
Length (L) to screen
Young’s Double Slit Experiment
Max
Max
Max
Sin = m = xm d L
Length (L) to screen
xm
Young’s Double Slit Experiment
Max
Max
Max
Sin = m = xm d L
Length (L) to screen
xm
Young’s Double Slit Experiment
Max
Max
Max
Sin = m = xm = tan
d L
= xm d m L
Length (L) to screen
xm
Multiple Slit Diffraction
Sin = m = xm d L
= xm d m L
1
0
1
m = 0 , 1,2, 3 … max
Multiple Slit Diffraction
Sin = m = xm d L
= xm d m L
1
0
1
m = 0 , 1,2, 3 … max
Multiple Slit Diffraction
Sin = m = xm d L
= xm d m L
1
0
1
m = 0 , 1,2, 3 … max
Multiple Slit Diffraction
Sin = m = xm d L
= xm d m L
1
0
1
m = 0 , 1,2, 3 … max
Multiple Slit Diffraction
Sin = m = xm = tan d L
= xm d m L m L d
1
0
1
m = 0 , 1,2, 3 … max
Multiple Slit Diffraction
Sin = m = xm = tan d L
= xm d m Lxm
m L d
1
0
1
m = 0 , 1,2, 3 … max
Single, Double, Multiple SlitDiffraction
Single, Double, Multiple SlitDiffraction
Based on constructive and destructive interference
Single, Double, Multiple SlitDiffraction
Based on constructive and destructive interference
Caused by path length differences
Single, Double, Multiple SlitDiffraction
Based on constructive and destructive interference
Caused by path length differences Geometry based on sin = m
xm=tan
d L
Single, Double, Multiple SlitDiffraction
Based on constructive and destructive interference
Caused by path length differences Geometry based on sin = m xm d L Single Slit m is for minima with broad central
maxima Double / Multiple m is for maximum
Reflection-Interference, Newton’s Rings, Thin Film Interference
Higher Index of Refraction
Lower Index of Refraction
Reflection-Interference, Newton’s Rings, Thin Film Interference
Higher Index of Refraction
Lower Index of Refraction
Relected ray experience a half wavelength phase change
Reflection-Interference, Newton’s Rings, Thin Film Interference
Reflection-Interference, Newton’s Rings, Thin Film Interference
Higher Index of Refraction
Lower Index of Refraction
Reflection-Interference, Newton’s Rings, Thin Film Interference
Higher Index of Refraction
Lower Index of Refraction
No phase change occurs
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Hair
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Air
Glass
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Phase change reflection
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Phase change reflection – 1800 – nair< nglass
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Towards normal refraction
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Towards normal refraction nair < nglass
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
No phase change reflection nglass >nair
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Away from normal refraction
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Away from normal refraction – nglass> nair
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Away from normal refraction
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Away from normal refraction nglass > nair
speeds up
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Phase change reflection
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Phase change reflection nair < nglass
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Towards normal refraction
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Towards normal refraction nair < nglass
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Towards normal
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Away from normalrefraction
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Away from normalRefraction nglass > nair
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Towards normalNo Phase Change
Away from normal
Away fromnormal Phase Change
Toward Normal
Phase Change
Away from normal
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Towards normal No Phase Change
Away from normal
Away fromnormal Phase Change
Toward Normal
Away from normal
No Phase Change Phase Change
l = d + ½ + d
½ + 2d = D l
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Towards normal No Phase Change
Away from normal
Away fromnormal Phase Change
Toward Normal
Away from normal
No Phase Change Phase ChangeIf the path length of the light that is transmitted through the upper glass plate, then reflected off the air glass interference of the bottom plate with 180 degree phase reversal,then transmitted through the upper plate is multiples of ½ of a the path length of the light that is refracts through the upper glass plate, then reflects off the upper glass air interference without a phase change will interfer constructively.
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Towards normal No Phase Change
Away from normal
Away fromnormal Phase Change
Toward Normal
Away from normal
No Phase Change Phase Change
l = d + ½ + d
½ + 2d = D l
d = distance between the plates
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Towards normal No Phase Change
Away from normal
Away fromnormal Phase Change
Toward Normal
Away from normal
No Phase Change Phase Change
l = d + ½ + d
½ + 2d = D l
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Towards normal No Phase Change
Away from normal
Away fromnormal Phase Change
Toward Normal
Away from normal
No Phase Change Phase Change
l = d + ½ + d
½ + 2d = D l
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Towards normal No Phase Change
Away from normal
Away fromnormal Phase Change
Toward Normal
Away from normal
No Phase Change Phase Change
l = d + ½ + d
½ + 2d = D l
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Towards normal No Phase Change
Away from normal
Away fromnormal Phase Change
Toward Normal
Away from normal
No Phase Change Phase Change
l = d + ½ + d
l = ½ + 2d
Constructive Interference =n
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Towards normal No Phase Change
Away from normal
Away fromnormal Phase Change
Toward Normal
Away from normal
No Phase Change Phase Change
l = d + ½ + d
l = ½ + 2d
Constructive Interference =n
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Towards normal No Phase Change
Away from normal
Away fromnormal Phase Change
Toward Normal
Away from normal
No Phase Change Phase Change
l = d + ½ + d
l = ½ + 2d
Constructive Interference =l =m= ½ + 2dm=1/2 + 2 d
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Towards normal No Phase Change
Away from normal
Away fromnormal Phase Change
Toward Normal
Away from normal
No Phase Change Phase Change
l = d + ½ + d
l = ½ + 2d
Constructive Interference =l =m= ½ + 2dm=1/2 + 2 d
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Towards normal No Phase Change
Away from normal
Away fromnormal Phase Change
Toward Normal
Away from normal
No Phase Change Phase Change
l = d + ½ + d
l = ½ + 2d
Constructive Interference =l =m= ½ + 2dm=1/2 + 2 d
Air Wedge Reflection-Interference
Towards normal No Phase Change
Away from normal
Away fromnormal Phase Change
Toward Normal
Away from normal
No Phase Change Phase Change
l = d + ½ + d
l = ½ + 2d
Constructive Interference =l =m= ½ + 2d 1/2 + 2 d
Thin Film Interference
Antiflective coating with an index of refractionGreater than air but less than the glass lens
nair =1.0
n thin film = 1.3 nglass = 1.7
Thin Film Interference
Thin Film Interference
Thin Film Interference
Thin Film Interference
Thin Film Interference
Thin Film Interference
Thin Film Interference
Thin Film Interference
Thin Film Interference Effective refracted ray path length= thickness down * index of refraction because the wavelength decreases as it enters the higher index of refraction of the medium added to to thickness up * index of refraction added to ½ wavelength due to phase refersal.
leffrr = nt + nt + ½ leffrr = 2nt+ ½
Reflected ray leffr = ½
Constructive inteference occurs at whole multiples of wavelength path lengthdifferences. Therefore in this case the refracted,reflected,refracted ray will showconstructive interference if 2nt = mt = mapproxiamately2nDestructive interference occurs at ½ whole multiples of wavelength path length differencesTherefore in this case the refracted,reflected,refracted ray will show destructive interferenceIf 2nt = mt=m approxiamately 2 4n
n =1.0
nthin film = 1.3
Thin Film Interference
Antiflective coating with an index of refractionGreater than and the glass lens
nair =1.0
n thin film = 1.6 nglass = 1.4
Thin Film Interference
Thin Film Interference
Thin Film Interference
Thin Film Interference
Thin Film Interference
Thin Film Interference
Thin Film Interference
Thin Film Interference
Thin Film Interference Effective refracted ray path length= thickness down * index of refraction because the wavelength decreases as it enters the higher index of refraction of the medium added to to thickness up * index of refraction
leffrr = nt + nt leffrr = 2nt
Reflected ray leffr = ½
Constructive inteference occurs at whole multiples of wavelength path lengthdifferences. Therefore in this case the refracted,reflected,refracted ray will showconstructive interference if 2nt = m- ½ t = m+1/2 t = (m+1/2) 2n 2nDestructive interference occurs at ½ whole multiples of wavelength path length differencesTherefore in this case the refracted,reflected,refracted ray will show destructive interferenceIf 2nt = mt = m + 2 4n 4n
n =1.0
nthin film = 1.3
Thin Film Interference Effective refracted ray path length= thickness down * index of refraction because the wavelength decreases as it enters the higher index of refraction of the medium added to to thickness up * index of refraction added to ½ wavelength due to phase refersal.
leffrr = nt + nt + ½ leffrr = 2nt+ ½
Reflected ray leffr = ½
Constructive inteference occurs at whole multiples of wavelength path lengthdifferences. Therefore in this case the refracted,reflected,refracted ray will showconstructive interference if 2nt = mt = m2nDestructive interference occurs at ½ whole multiples of wavelength path length differencesTherefore in this case the refracted,reflected,refracted ray will show destructive interferenceIf 2nt = mt=m 2 4n
n =1.0
nthin film = 1.3
Thin film interference
n1 = air
n2=1.33
Thin film interference
n1=1.00
n2=1.33
n3=1.50
Thin film interference
n1=1.00
n2=1.33
n3=1.50
Thin film interference
n1=1.00
n2=1.33
n3=1.50
Thin film interference
n1=1.00
n2=1.33
n3=1.50
Thin film interference
n1=1.00
n2=1.33
n3=1.50
Thin film interference
n1=1.00
n2=1.33
n3=1.50
Thin film interference
n1=1.00
n2=1.33
n3=1.50
Thin film interference
n1=1.00
n2=1.33
n3=1.50
Thin film interference
n1=1.00
n2=1.33
n3=1.50
m = 2 n t m = t (thickness of film) 2n
Thin film interference
n1=1.00
n2=1.33
n3=1.50
m = 2 n t m = t (thickness of film) 2n
Thin film interference
n1=1.00
n2=1.33
n3=1.50
m = 2 n t m = t (thickness of film) 2n
Thin film interference
n1=1.00
n2=1.33
n3=1.50
m = 2 n t m = t (thickness of film) 2n
Thin film interference
n1=1.00
n2=1.33
n3=1.50
m = 2 n t m = t (thickness of film) 2n
If l was 4.8 x10-7m what would the miniumum thickness need to cause Constructive interference?If l was 4.8 x10-7 m what would the miniumum thickness need to causeDestructive interference?
Summary
Constructive interference – pathlength equals m Destructive interference – pathlength equal m 2
If n1<n2>n3 or n1>n2<n3 than t = (m+1/2)constructive
2n
If n1<n2>n3 or n1>n2<n3 than t = (m+1/2)destructive
4n
Summary
Constructive interference – pathlength equals m Destructive interference – pathlength equal m 2
If n1<n2<n3 or n1>n2>n3 than t = mconstructive
2n
If n1<n2<n3 or n1>n2>n3 than t = mdestructive
4n
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