wave-induced transport and turbulence influence in the mlt-x · • wave transport affects...
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Wave-induced Transport and Turbulence Influence
in the MLT-X
Alan Z. Liu Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
AirglowMetals
Graphics from CEDAR: The New Dimension
Space-Atmosphere-Interaction Region (SAIR) MLT Extended (MLT-X)
Momentum TransportMomentum fluxhw0u0i hw0v0i
Meriwether and Gerrard 2004
Wave Transporthw0T 0i hw0⇢0ciSensible Heat flux Constituent flux
• Fundamental processes that affect the energy balance, chemistry and composition in MLT-X
• Dissipating waves induce vertical heat flux and constituent flux of passive species
• Wave transport affects distribution of all constituents
Flux Measurement
Na Lidar Jan 5, 2000
SOR
at SOR (35N)hw0T 0i
Gardner and Liu
Heating Rate
Modeling GW Heat Flux
Yiğit and Medvedev, 2009
MSIS
No GW Heating/Cooling
Include GW Heating/Cooling
“in the high latitudes, the contribution of GWs is between 20 and 40% of that by the Joule heating”
Effects of Na Flux at SOR
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)a) Na Density (cm
−3)
J F M A M J J A S O N D80
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(km
)b) Vertical Na Flux (cm
−3ms
−1)
J F M A M J J A S O N D85
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Measured Na Flux at SOR
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(km
)Na Production Rate (cm
−3hr
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J F M A M J J A S O N D85
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Effects of Na Flux at SOR
• caused by instabilities • isotropic at small scales (<100-200 km) • represented as eddy diffusion
Turbulence
A TMA trail showing the billow structure between 96 and 98 km which was dynamically unstable. (M. Larsen)
Turbulent Oxygen Mixing Experiment (TOMEX)!Oct 2000, SOR, White Sands (J. Hecht)
Eddy Diffusion Coefficient Kzz
Lübeken et al 1987 0.1 ~ 100 m2/s!
0.2 ~ 10,000 m2/s
Rocket born instruments
Bishop et al. 2004: 50 ~ 2000 m2/sTMA Release
Hocking 1985: 50 ~ 1000 m2/sRadars
Airglow Battaner and Molina 1980100 ~ 1000 m2/s
Kelley et al. 2003~ 500 m2/s
Persistent Leonid Meteor Trail SOR, 1999
SummaryWave transport and turbulences • have large impacts to the background atmosphere • affect all constituents, important for a wide range of
problems: ‣ general circulation ‣ metal and airglow chemistry ‣ energy balance ‣ cosmic dust input etc.
• are universal processes • vary widely with location and time
Science Goals1. To quantify the wave-induced transport
and turbulence Long-term measurements of wave flux at multiple locations High resolution turbulence measurements to enable direct estimate of turbulence effects
2. To assess their influence on the MLT-X Improved GW parameterization to include wave transports that are consistent with observations Direct simulation of wave breaking and turbulence
Challenges of the MLT-XWave transport and turbulence are small scale processes that
• have large spatial and temporal variabilities, and • impact large scale phenomena
Observational Challenges • Global 3D coverage is needed because of varying wave
source and dynamical states of the atmosphere. • Local continuous coverages are needed to allow study of
their impacts on tides and planetary waves
Modeling Challenge • Proper representation of these processes in GCMs • Consistent with physics and observation, without breaking
the models
Driving Need - Measurement✓ High accuracy wind (<0.5 m/s error), temperature
(<0.5 K error) and constituent perturbation (< 1% error) measurements at high temporal (< 10 sec) and vertical resolutions (< 50 m)
✓ Extension to higher altitudes (~200 km) to cover MLT-X
3. Driving Need - Instruments• Large Power-Aperture Doppler Lidar
• High resolution airglow imager
• Radars
• Satellites
• New technology …
Promising Lidar Capabilities
LZT Na Broadband Lidar!Pfrommer, T., P. Hickson, C.-Y. She (2009)
CU Na Dopper Lidar, 12/17/2011
enables direct measure of eddy transport to obtain eddy diffusion coefficient
Promising Lidar Capabilities
Fe density at McMurdo, 6/1/13 CU Fe Boltzmann Lidar
Na density at Cerro Pachón, 5/27/2014!UIUC-ERAU Na Doppler Lidar
Airglow Imager
Mike Taylor, OH(3,1) band intensity image
OASISEXPLORING
THE INTERACTION OF EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE WITH SPACE
THE OBSERVATORY FOR ATMOSPHERE SPACE INTERACTION STUDIES An Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences Community Report
Submitted to the NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
January 2014
3. Driving Need - Model• GW parameterization can be improved to include
wave heat and constituent flux • Direct simulation of gravity waves in GCMs • Direct simulation of turbulence to understand wave
dissipation process
Fritts et al.
• Model measurable constituent distribution such as Na for validation (Plane et al.)
Comments?
This image of sunlight scattered by cosmic dust that orbits the sun in the ecliptic (zodiacal light), was obtained at the European Southern Observatory’s La Silla Observatory, Chile in September 2009. (Image courtesy of ESO/Y. Beletsky)
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