water pollution in pakistan

Water Pollution in pakistan

Prepared by : Arjmand Muneer

Water Resources in the world

Water Pollution Water pollution is any chemical, biological, or physical change in

water quality that has a harmful effect on living organism or makeswater unsuitable for desired uses.

Use of Water Resources in PakistanPAKISTAN

93%

5% 2%

1

2

3

1. Agriculture2. Industry3. Domestic/public

Types

Surface water pollution > found on the exterior of the Earth's crust, oceans,

rivers and lakes

Groundwater Pollution>found in soil or under rock structure or aquifers

Types

Microbiological pollution >microorganisms that thrives on water and fishes that can cause illness to land animals and humans

Oxygen Depletion pollution >microorganisms that in water and feeds on

biodegradable substances

Sources of water pollution

• Municipal Sewage/household• Drinking Water Supply Lines Conditions• Industrial Water Pollution• Agriculture Water Pollution

1. Municipal SewageAbout 2,000 million gallons of sewage is being discharged to

surface water bodies every day in Pakistan (Pak-SCEA 2006)

RESULT:• NCS states that 40% of death

are related to water born diseases

2. Drinking Water Supply Lines ConditionsWater is contaminated with:• Lead• Cyanides• Mercury• Hospital waste• Pharma waste

Only 10% of collected sewage is effectively treated

3. Industrial Water PollutionMajor Industrial Contributors to Water Pollution in Pakistan• Petrochemicals• Paper and pulp• Food processing• Sugar • Textile• Cement• Fertilizer

produce more than 80% of the total industrial Waste

• Tanneries• It may take hundreds or even

thousands of years for pollutants such as toxic metals from the tanneries to be flushed out of a contaminated aquifer

• In Pakistan, only 1% of wastewater is treated by industries before being discharged directly into rivers and drains

INDUSTRIAL WASTES PER CITY• In K.P, 80,000 m3 of industrial effluents containing a very high level of

pollutants are discharged every day into the river Kabul• In Karachi, Sindh Industrial Trading Estate (SITE) and Korangi

Industrial and Trading Estate (KITE), two of the biggest industrial estates in Pakistan, there is no effluent treatment plant and the waste containing hazardous materials, heavy metals, oil etc. is discharged into rivers.• In Multan, a fertilizer factory discharges its waste untreated to

cultivated land causing death of livestock and increasing health risk to humans. (WB-CWRAS Paper 8, 2005)

• In Lahore, only 3 out of some 100 industries using hazardous chemicals treat their wastewater. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels in water courses receiving these wastes are as high as 800mg/l and Mercury levels over 5 mg/l• In Faisalabad, one of the biggest industrial cities, there is little

segregation of domestic and industrial wastes

4. Agriculture

• Fertilizers(nitrates and phosphates)• Pesticide

5. Others sources

• Bacteria from sewage or livestock operation• Petroleum hydrocarbons like Diesel, Gasoline, Jet fuel, Motor oil,

Detergents

EFFECTS

Effects on Humans 40% deaths in Pakistan

annually Diseases caused by:

Drinking contaminated water

Swimming in polluted water

Contact with chemically polluted water

Effects on EnvironmentToxic water

Thermal heating

Our sources of

water

Effects on Animals 200 turtles in Australia’s surround

waters die each year

Effects on Animals 200 turtles in Australia’s surround

waters die each year

SOLUTIONSa. Nonpoint Sources

• Reduce runoffInfiltration trenches, FOR Lawns,Use Filters

• Buffer zone vegetation land near lack

• Reduce soil erosionFiltration plants

b. POINT SOURCES

• Pakistan’s Environmental Protection Act.• Environment protection agency

should monitor investigate and control pollution

• National Drinking Water Policy• Ensure water quality standards

Water treatment plants

What You Can Do

Turn off running water

Be cautious of what you flush down your sink and toilet

Fertilize correctly

Participate in a clean up

Join a special society devoted to the prevention of water pollution

Spread awareness

THANK YOU!!!