water flows in the natural environment stephen m. henderson
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Water flows in the natural environment
Stephen M. Henderson
Waves
SedimentTransport
Currents
Motivation: $, safety, habitat, pollution etc
Field experiments
Field experiments
Field Instrumentation:velocity/temperature
Field Instrumentation:velocity/temperature
East
North
Vertical
Temperature Temperature/Salinity/Depth:7 instruments, 1Hz sampling, 10-3C accuracy25 instruments, 4 min sampling, 10-1C accuracy
Velocity:9 instruments, 8Hz sampling, 10-3m/s accuracy, 2m range, 1.5cm bins,5cm/s max velocityor1 min sampling, 5cm/s accuracy, 6m range, 0.3m bins,any velocityor10 min sampling, 1cm/s accuracy, 20m range, 0.7m bins,any velocityor
2 instruments64Hz sampling, 10-3m/s accuracy, single measurement in cm3 bin + eddy correlation heat flux
Field Instrumentation:other
• 2 weather stations:Air temperature, relative humidity, velocity, net radiation
• GPSs
Pen & paper theory• Water is not created of destroyed, and F=Ma…
Leads to pdes for water motion, sometimes can be solved with standard applied math techniques.
Computer simulations
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