water beneath the surface

By: Melbert Tabada Jumawan Jr.

Where does the water of rivers and lakes came from?

Is it possible that rocks can be a good storage of water?

Groundwater

Belt of Soil Moisture

Intermediate Belt

Distribution and Movement of Water Underground

Water Table

Two factors that affect the distribution and movement of groundwater

Water Beneath the Surface

1. Porosity2. Permeability

- Aquifers

- Aquitards e.g. clay

Water Beneath the Surface

Unconfined aquifer system

Classification of groundwater aquifers

Classification of groundwater aquifers

Confined aquifer system

Water Beneath the Surface

what factors influence how groundwater is stored inaquifers?Factors controlling natural recharge:a. amount of moisture used by vegetation

b. nature of precipitation eventc. presence of subsurface barriersd. amount of groundwater used by humans

Spring

Water Beneath the SurfaceNatural Resources of Water

Water Beneath the SurfaceNatural Resources of Water

Hot Springs

Jigokudani hotspring in Nagano Japan

Natural Use of Groundwater

• Geysers

Water Beneath the Surface

Strokkur, Iceland

Water Beneath the Surface

Artesian WellArtesian Spring

Artesian Well

Wells

Water Beneath the Surface

A well is a hole bored into the zone of saturation.

Caves

Cave

Travertine

Geologic Activity of Groundwater

Caverns

Water Beneath the Surface

Characteristics of features found within caverns

1. stalactites 2. stalagmites3. columns

Geologic Activity of Groundwater

Karst Topography

Water Beneath the Surface

Irregular topography

• Sinkholes—surface depressions Common features

Examples of Karst Topography

El Torcal (Antequera - Spain)

Limestone pavement in Dent de Crolles, France

Examples of Sinkholes

Alapaha River, Florida

A special type of sinkhole – formed by rainwater leaking through the pavement and

carrying dirt into a ruptured sewer pipe.

Environmental Problems Associated with Groundwater

Water Beneath the Surface

Overuse and contamination threatens groundwater supplies in some areas.•1. Treating it as a nonrenewable resource

• 2. Land subsidence caused by its withdrawal

• 3. Contamination

• 4. Salt water intrusion

Land Subsidence

References:http://science.pppst.com/groundwater.html http://www.pref.osaka.jp/en/attraction/

culture/aquapolis/img/wakimizu.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquiferhttp://website.lineone.net/~polar.publishing/

geysersoficeland.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_springhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

File:Artesian_Well.pnghttp://www.geo.ua.edu/intro03/PDFs/

Groundwater.pdf

http://groundwater.oregonstate.edu/groundwater/images/depressionb.gif

http://www.swisseduc.ch/stromboli/perm-small/bagni_san_filippo/icons/bagni_san_filippo_08.jpg

http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=saltwater%20intrusion&imgurl

http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=sinkholes&imgurl

http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=groundwater&imgurl