wastewater. wastewater -used water (from human activity) -contains pollutants
Post on 23-Dec-2015
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Pollutant
- In the recipient the creature’s life circumstances (significant changes in the existing biological, biochemical processes)
and thefurther use of water for
humans will be limited or impossible
Other problems
- aesthetic problems
- odour problems
- infection problems
CLOSED sewerage system from the source to the recipient
History
In the antique Rome was sewerage system also, and it caused no problem.
Why is it a problem nowdays?
What happend with the wastewater in the past years?
Organic substances
- micro-organisms eat the most of it
2 CH2 + 3 O2 → 2 CO2 + 2 H2O + energy+ cell material
LARGE OXYGEN-DEMAND!
Organic substances
- higher lifeforms cannot get enough oxygen
- photosynthesis is not enough
- that much oxigen cannot dissolve from the air
Solution
We have to reduce the amunt of organic materials getting into the
recipient↓
in order to keep the DO value above the critical level
(DO = Dissolved Oxygen)
Dangerous wastewater
ALWAYS:- infection danger PAST YEARS:- increasing population- urbanization- developing industry (chemicals)- concentration
Wastewater types
Domestic wastewater:
- human waste and washwater
from houses (homes)
Institutional wastewater:
- human waste and washwater
from public buildings andcommercial establishments
Wastewater types
- Industrial wastewater: used water from manufacturing processes - contains different chemical compounds
- Municipal wastewater: mixture of domestic and industrial wastewater
Wastewater types
Agricultural wastewater:
dung from keeping animals
Stormwater:
surface runoff caused by rainfall - carries organics, suspended and dissolved solids, etc.
Amounts
Domestic wastewater:
Developing countries: less than 100 L/pe/day
Middle-Europe: ~100 L/pe/day
Western countries: ~160 L/pe/day
Hungary: 90-100 (BP:180) L/pe/day
Amounts
Industrial wastewater:
- what kind of industry
- number of working factories and units
- type and level of the used technology
Industry
- cooling water
- producing chemicals
- producing food
- electronic industry
- textile industry
Amounts
Agricultural wastewater:
- what kind of animals
- number of the animals
- level of the used technology
Characterization
Chemical characterizationIndividual components:
• Sewage – impossible
• Industrial wastewaters – sometimes there is a possibility
• Municipal wastewater - impossible
Characterization
Group characterization:Carbon
• Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODCr= 400-800 mg/l)
• Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5 = 200-400 mg/l, BOD7, BOD20)
• Total Organic Carbon (TOC)• Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC)• Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC)
EFFECT OF RAW WASTEWATER
- BOD5 emission increases, BOD5
concentration increases, dissolved O2
concentration decreases
- O2 is an important water quality indicator
WATER QUAILTY (O2)- raw wastewater: 0 mg/l
- saturation concentration (Henry’s
law): ~ 10 mg/l (20 °C )
- fish reproduction: 6 mg/l (different
sensitivity: age, specie (eg. trout 6-7
mg/l, carp 4 mg/l)
- further water uses
BalanceBalance
ORGANIC MATERIAL (C, N)
SEDIMENT
RESPIRATIONDIFFUSION FROM AIR
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
TRIBUTARIES
ókmellékfolylégzésézisfotoszüledék
iónitrifikáclebomlásCdiffOKIBEdt
dCV
int
2IN – OUT + O2 diff – C decomposition – nitrification – sediment + photosynthesis – respiration +- tributaries
BOI O2
DISCHARGE O2 INPUT
SEDIMENTATION
01
234
567
89
0 100 200 300 400 500
x (km)
Old
ott o
xigé
n (m
g/l)
Streeter & Phelps Streeter & Phelps (1925(1925, River Ohio, River Ohio))
Characterization
Group characterization:
– Nitrogen– Phosphorus– Suspended solids– Other chemical, physical and biological
parameters
NITROGEN
ORGANICALLY BOUND
INORGANICAMMONIUM (NH4-N)
NITRATE (NO3-N)
NITRITE (NO2-N)
30 mg/l
50 mg/l
0.1 mg/l
0.5 mg/l
No exact values!!!
PHOSPHORUS
MAIN SOURCEDETERGENTS (50%)
HUMAN EXCRETA (50%)
ORGANICALLY BOUNDSOLID
INORGANICPOLYPHOSPHATES
ORTHOPHOSPHATES (PO43-)
DISSOLVED
TP
PHOSPHORUS
MAIN SOURCEDETERGENTS (50%)
HUMAN EXCRETA (50%)
ORGANICALLY BOUNDSOLID
INORGANICPOLYPHOSPHATES
ORTHOPHOSPHATES (PO43-)
DISSOLVED
TP
PHOSPHORUS
• ORGANICALLY BOUND0 - 4 mg/L
• POLYPHOSPHATES0 - 5 mg/L
• ORTHOPHOSPHATES (PO43-)
4 - 14 mg/L
• TOTAL PHOSPHORUS
8 - 14 mg/L
ESTIMATING POLLUTANT LOAD AND CONCENTRATION
BOD5: 60 g/d/person
COD: 120 g/d/person
TSS: 70 g/d/person
TN: 11 g/d/person
TP: 2.5 g/d/person
drinking water consumption: qd = 60-200
l/d/person
ESTIMATING POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION
BOD5: 60 g/d/person
TN: 11 g/d/person
TP: 2.5 g/d/person
calculating with 200 l/d/person:
BOD5 concentration: 60/200 = 0.03 g/l = 300 mg/l
TN concentration: 11/200 = 0.055 g/l = 55 mg/l
TP concentration: 2.5/200 = 0.0125 g/l = 12.5 mg/l
Europian Union
- All member state should follow some rules
- Derogation can be asked for
(Hungary: 2015)
Europian Union
- Difference between drinking water and the sewerage system supply
- Difference between sewerage system supply and treating the collected wastewater
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