warm up monday, april 1, 2013 (7th period) wednesday, april 3, 2013 (1st-5th periods) 1. what...
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Warm Up
Monday, April 1, 2013 (7th Period) Wednesday, April 3, 2013 (1st-5th Periods)
1. What biomolecule builds muscles?
2. What is the AKA for biomolecule?
Objectives
1) List the 11 body system.
2) Describe the functions for the 11 different body systems.
3) Discuss important characteristics of each of the 11 body systems.
Homeostasis
Maintain balanced internal environment
Requires flow of nutrients into organism & wastes out of organism
Skeletal System
Function: Support & locomotion
Keeps body upright Supports internal organs Attachment for muscles
Skeletal System Structure: Bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons
Bones: Calcified structures, 206 in humans (Ex: Femur)
Cartilage: Very strong, but softer than bone (Ex: Nose, spinal disks)
Ligaments: Connects bone to bone (Ex: knee)
Tendons: Connects muscle to bone (Ex: Achilles tendon)
Muscular System
Function: locomotion
Move from place to place Respiration (Diaphragm) Digestion (Swallowing)
Muscular System
Structure: Muscles
Muscles - always come in pairs
Ex: Biceps & Triceps work together to move your arm
Muscular System
Three types of muscles:Smooth – involuntary muscles
○ Ex: Esophagus, stomach, intestinesStriated – voluntary muscles
○ Ex: Biceps, pectorals, abdominalsCardiac – specialized involuntary muscle
○ Ex: Heart
Integumentary System
Function: Protects body from injury & disease, aids in homeostasis, & keeps body warm
Provides barrier btw organism & environment
Helps maintain constant internal body temperature
Integumentary System
Structure: Skin, hair, nails
Skin regulates transport in/out of body (Lotion, water, salt)
Hairs keep the body warm
Integumentary System
Skin LayersEpidermis – outermost layer, has oil and
regulates transport Dermis – middle layer, cushion, has heat
and touch receptorsSubcutaneous Tissue – lowermost layer,
has fat & blood vessels
Digestive System
Structure: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, liver, gallbladder & pancreas
Digestive System
Mouth – Teeth & saliva (enzymes = amylase) break down foods
Esophagus – Carries food from mouth to stomach
Stomach – Uses caustic acid (Hydrochloric acid) to break down food
Digestive System
Small Intestine – absorbs nutrients into the blood stream, the end of digestion
Large Intestine – absorbs water and makes vitamins from indigestible material, using E. coli
Digestive System
No food passes through:
Liver – produces bile (green digestive juice) & breaks down fats
Gallbladder – stores bile
Pancreas – makes insulin to breakdown sugar, & produces digestive hormones
Endocrine System
Function: Produces hormones
Hormones regulate all body functions, including heart rate, temperature, digestion, sleeping, reproduction
Endocrine System
Structure: Pituitary Gland, Hypothalamus, Parathyroid Gland, Thyroid Gland, Adrenal Gland, Ovary, Pancreas, Testes
Ovaries produce hormones for women Testes produce hormones for men
Endocrine System
Hypothalamus: (brain) connects nervous and endocrine system
Produces Antidiuretic
Hormone (ADH)
- relieves urge to urinate so
body can reclaim water when dehydration is detected
Endocrine System
Pituitary Gland –(brain) controlled by hypothalamus that stimulates other glands to release hormones
Endocrine System
Parathyroid Gland – produces a hormone that releases Calcium from bone into the blood stream
Adrenal Gland – (kidney) prepares the body for stressful situationsProduces epinephrine (Epi-pen), also
called adrenaline
Endocrine System
Pancreas –regulates blood sugar levelsInsulin – decreases blood sugar levelsGlucagon – increases blood sugar levels
Endocrine System
Ovaries – produce female sex hormonesExamples: Estrogen & Progesterone
Testes – produce male sex hormonesExample: TestosteroneStimulates sperm production and secondary
sex characteristics (facial hair, pubic hair, deep voice)
Excretory System
Function: Process & remove waste from body
Solid waste from food must be removed Liquid waste from blood stream must be
removed
Excretory System
Structure: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder, Urethra, Rectum, Lungs, Skin
Kidney processes wastes (urea & ammonia) from the blood stream
Helps maintain pH & water balance in body
Excretory System Ureter = wastes from kidney sent to
bladder (processed so water can be reabsorbed into the body)
Bladder = holds waste & reabsorbs water
Urethra = structure by which liquid wastes exit body
Rectum = removes solid waste from digestive tract
Excretory System
Skin = removes wastes, salt and urea, through sweating
Lungs = remove Carbon Dioxide
Body Systems Flip Book
Due: Thursday, April 25, 2013 Title Page:
“Human Body System Flip Book”NamePeriodMaloney/Newell
Each system gets 1 whole side of a page
Warm Up
Tuesday, April 2, 2013 (7th Period) Thursday, April 4, 2013 (1st-5th Periods)
1. What macromolecule protects internal organs in the abdomen?
2. What macromolecule is the building block of your genetic material?
Objectives
1) List the 11 body system.
2) Describe the functions for the 11 different body systems.
3) Discuss important characteristics of each of the 11 body systems.
Immune System
Function: Identification & removal of pathogens
Antibodies attack foreign objects in body Immune System = specific response to
infectious agent
Immune System Structure: Skin, Spleen, Lymph Nodes,
Tonsils, White Blood Cells, Antibodies
Skin – a physical defense against pathogens; oil makes the skin acidic
Tonsils & Spleen – produce Antibodies
Antibodies identify & attack antigens/microorganisms
Developed through vaccination
Immune System
White blood cells – engulf and destroy foreign objects
Lymph Nodes –organs that are filled with white blood cells that filter the blood; located all around the body
Immune System
Three Lines of Defense1. Physical & Chemical
1. Skin
2. Oil
3. Mucous, hairs, saliva, etc
2. Inflammatory Response1. Heat
2. Swelling
3. Immune System1. Antibodies attack antigens
Reproductive System
Function: To combine genetic information from both parents, & pass information to the next generation
Male gamete: Sperm Female gamete: Egg
Reproductive System (Male) Structure: Testes & Penis
Testes produce sperm
and testosterone Penis delivers the
sperm to the female
gamete
Reproductive System (Female) Structure: Ovaries & Uterus
Ovaries produce all eggs before the woman is born and the hormones estrogen & progesterone
The uterus is the ideal
environment for a
fertilized egg to grow
Reproductive System
Puberty begins when the testes/ ovaries begin producing testosterone/ estrogen & progesterone
Reproductive System
Step 1: Fertilization Step 2: Cell divides and grows for 11-12
days Step 3: Implantation on the uterine wall
Nervous System
Function: Coordinate information from environment w/ a reaction
Sensory organs receive signals Brain processes signals Brain tells the body how to react
Nervous System
Structure: Neuron, Brain, Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System
Sensory organs such as eyes, ears, nose, mouth and skin collect information about the environment
Information that is collected is sent to the brain along a network of neurons
Nervous System
Neurons (Nerve Cells) are highly specialized cells that transmit electronic signals throughout the body
Nervous System Brain = control center of nervous system
- Receives all the information- Processes information- Signals body to react
Divided into 3 segments: Cerebrum = intelligence & language Cerebellum = balance & coordination Medulla Oblongata = involuntary movements
Nervous System The Central Nervous System (CNS)
includes the brain & spinal cord
It controls most of the necessary functions (breathing, heart rate) and behavior of a person
Protected by the skeletal system (skull & vertebra)
Nervous System
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) connects the CNS to the rest of the body
These are the nerves that travel between the spinal cord and the other limbs and organs
Not protected by the skeletal system
Circulatory System
Function: Transport water, nutrients & waste to & from cells
Every cell in the body needs water and nutrients to live
Cells produce wastes, such as ammonia & carbon dioxide (CO2) through cellular processes
Circulatory System
Structure: Heart, Atria, Ventricles, Blood Vessels, Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, Plasma, Platelets
Heart pumps blood throughout body The blood vessels are the means of
getting blood to the cells
Circulatory System
The Heart (Divided into right & left):Atria – top of the heart, receives the bloodVentricles – bottom of the heart, where
blood leaves to go to the lungs or body
Circulatory System
Deoxygenated blood enters RIGHT side of heart
Oxygenated blood enters LEFt side of heart
Circulatory System
Blood VesselsArteries – go away from the heart to the
cells (carry oxygenated blood)Capillaries – tiny blood vessels; site of
nutrient and waste exchange with cells Veins – go back to the heart (carry de-
oxygenated blood)
Circulatory System
Major Blood VesselsPulmonary Artery – from heart to lungsAorta – from heart to body
Circulatory System
BloodRed Blood Cells – transport oxygen and
nutrientsWhite Blood Cells – work as part of the
immune system to protect the body from diseases
Plasma –liquid of the bloodPlatelets – involved in clotting and repair
(scabs)
Respiratory System
Function: To exchange oxygen (O2) & carbon dioxide (CO2)
Lungs use negative pressure to draw in a breath
Diaphragm = muscle that moves the lungs up and down
Respiratory System
Structure: Mouth, Lungs, Larynx, Pharynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, and Alveoli
Air travels in the mouth (or nose), down the trachea and into the lungs
Respiratory System
Larynx – AKA ‘voice box’ Pharynx – Back of
the throat
Trachea – the tube
that connects the
mouth to the lungs
Respiratory System
Bronchi – divides the air from the trachea into the right and left lobes of the lungs
Bronchioles – branches of the bronchi that end in alveoli
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