wake-up 1.what are restriction enzymes? 1.why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and...

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Wake-up

1. What are restriction enzymes?

2. Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest?

3. What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

Applications of Genetic Engineering

Transgenic OrganismAn organism (animals, plants, and bacteria)

that has been genetically altered.

Example #1: Diabetes and Insulin (Medical)

What is Insulin?Insulin (protein)

helps glucose move from our bloodstream to

our cells

Glucose is from food that was

consumed

What produces insulin?

Pancreas

Type 1 Diabetes: The Pancreas does not produce insulin

Diabetics need to take Insulin shots

How does someone with Type 1 Diabetes get insulin?

History of Insulin Production

1974 – Pancreas was removed from slaughtered animals and purified for

human use

History of Insulin Production (finish)

1980’s – Gene that makes insulin in humans was inserted into E.coli (Bacteria) which produced synthetic human insulin

Example #3: Genetically Modified Food (GMO’s)

What are Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO’s)?

An organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering

techniques

Why are Organisms Genetically Modified?

Modified to be resistant to: •Pests•Disease•Cold

•Drought•Salt

Also an overall “better” quality

Example #1 of GMO: Golden Rice

Malnutrition is common in 3rd world countries; impoverished peoples rely on rice

for the main staple of their diet.

However, rice does not contain adequate amounts of all necessary nutrients to prevent

malnutrition

More than 10 million children die of malnutrition every year. A vast majority of these deaths is linked

to micronutrient deficiencies.

Vitamin A deficiencies can damage the

immune system and decrease

the body’s ability to resist

or fight infections or can lead to

partial to totalblindness

Golden rice was genetically engineered to contain beta carotene, which can provide Vitamin A

(Video: Beginning to 4:30)

Example #3: Glowing Organisms (purpose unclear)

Which organisms naturally glow?

Can we make other organisms glow using Genetic Engineering?

GMO Project

1. List GMO2. Describe the GMO3. Explain how it is genetically modified4. Explain why it is genetically modified

Create a PowerPoint about your GMO. Make sure to include pictures.

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