visualizing data in the world atlas of language structures ...anni/papers/irvine_lsa_2010.pdf ·...

World Atlas of Language Structures!•  Standard typological reference"•  Includes geographical maps"•  Ripe for quantitative exploration"

Data without Variables!•  Inputs matrices of relative similarity between entities "•  Outputs n-dimensional network of optimized coordinates"•  Iterative algorithm that minimizes overall error based on similarity scores"

Language-Feature Networks!•  Optimized network of languages based on linguistic features"•  Short distance: high degree of linguistic similarity; Long distance: little linguistic similarity"•  LFNs correspond to feature categories defined by WALS"•  Color-coded according to geographic macro-area defined by WALS"

Phonology Language-Feature Network!

•  Eurasian and African languages are each tightly clustered"•  Absence of languages in the center: high degree of dependency among features "

Conclusions!•  Linguistic data should be in a machine readable format"•  Quantitative analyses of typological data are straight-forward and insightful with structured data like that in WALS!

This work was originally completed as part of the authorʼs undergraduate honors thesis at Dartmouth College. It was approved by the Math & Social Science Department in May of 2006."

Visualizing Data in the World Atlas of Language Structures: the Language-Feature Network

“Whatʼs Where Why?”!

K onyagi

T lapanec

S ebei

Nas ioi

NimboranNambakaengö

C huave

Manchu

K urukh

K 'ekchí T otonac (P apantla)Adzera

G oajiro

Ignaciano

C ayapa

C ofán

G uahibo

S iona

Dahalo

B ariba

K ohumono

T eke (S outhern)Zande K oyraboro S enni

Waray (in Australia)Western Desert (Ooldea)

K ashmiri

K onkaniS inhala

Ojibwa (E astern)

Achumawi

P omo (S outheastern)

Y ucatec

AlabamaC hatino (S ierra Occidental)

Mazahua

Mixtec (Molinos)B rao

Atayal

MaranaoS a'banMien

Wu (C hangzhou)

Nung (in V ietnam)

G uambiano

B ribri

J ivaro

Apinayé

C hulupí

Amahuaca

Quechua (C ochabamba)

T icuna

Dangaléat (Western)

Hebrew (Modern Ashenazic)

K anakuruK efa

K ullo

Neo-Aramaic (P ers ian Azerbaijan)

T era T igréT uareg (Ahaggar)

K adugli

S andawe

AlladianAmo

B eembe

B irom

B obo F ingB été C iLubaDan

Dogon (T oro S o)

E jagham

E wondo

F e'fe'

G beya B ossangoa

G wari

Ijo (K olokuma)

J omang

K is i (S outhern)

K pelleLelemi

Mambila

Mumuye

NdutNoni

Ogbia T ampulma

T arok

UMbundu

B erta

Daju (Dar F ur)

IngessanaK omo

Lugbara

Maasai

Nara (in E thiopia)Nobiin

Nyangi

Nyimang

T ama T emein

Arrernte (Mparntwe)

B andjalang (Y ugumbir)

B ardi

K ala Lagaw Y aMurrinh-P atha

Wik Munkan

B ainingT oaripi

K iwaiDera

K woma

Y essan-Mayo

S avosavo

Dadibi

Angaatiha

G adsup

K oiari

Wantoat

Y agaria

R otokas

West Makian

Y areba

K haria

Itelmen

T eluguT ulu

B ulgarian

Irish (Donegal)

OrmuriR omansch (S charans)

K omi-Zyrian

S aami (C entral-S outh)Y ukaghir (T undra)

C addo

Quileute

Aleut (E astern)

Y upik (S iberian)

S hasta

Huave (S an Mateo del Mar)

C herokee

T iwa (Northern)

T zeltal (Aguacatenango)

Mixe (T otontepec)

C hickasaw

C hipewyan

Mazatec (C hiquihuitlán)

B ella C oola

Lushootseed

S huswap

T onkawa

O'odham

Nuuchahnulth

G reat Andamanese

B ru (Western)

Nancowry

Nyah K ur (T ha P ong)

P acoh

P arauk

B ajau

C ham (Western)

IbanIvatan (S outhern)

K aliai-K ove

K edang

MorP o-Ai

P ohnpeian

R ukai

T ausug

T etunT sou

C hin (T iddim)

F uzhou

J ingpho

K aren (S gaw)

LepchaNaxi

Newari (K athmandu)

NishiP hlong

T amangXiamenG elao

K am (Zhanglu)

Lakkia

Lü S han

C ampa (Axininca)

IranxeR es ígaro

WapishanaY ucuna

C acua

C amsá

Akawaio

B akairí

J apreria

P anare

P echHuitoto (Murui)

Itonama

F ulniô

P áez

B arasano (Northern)

S irionó

K abardian

Amharic

K otoko

Ngizim

S omali

S oqotri

!XóõJ u|'hoan

B ambara

Dagbani

Doyayo

E weS enadi

T emne

K oyra C hiini

P awaian

Hamtai

K unimaipa

Azerbaijani

K irghiz

Mangghuer

Moghol

T uvan

Y akut

K oryak

Albanian

K urdish (C entral)

R utul

T sova-T ush

K hantyNganasan

K iowa

AmuzgoC hinantec (Quiotepec)

Wintu C hehalis (Upper)

S reHmong Njua

C antonese

Qawasqar

Andoke

AikanáAmueshaJ ebero

S elknam

Abipón

Muinane Ocaina

B ororo

K aingang

Maxakalí

Movima

S áliba (in C olombia)

Arabela

HausaOromo (Harar)

K hoekhoe

IgboNkore-K iga

S ango

Y oruba

K anuri

Imonda

S elepet

S uena

B asque

B rahuiK annada

Nepali

R omanian

S indhi

J apanese

K orean

Mari (Meadow)

Y urok

Navajo

T lingit

Mixtec (C halcatongo)

Otomí (Mezquital)

Lakhota

Nahuatl (North P uebla)

V ietnamese

K iribati

B urmese

K ayah Li (E astern)

Ladakhi

Meithei

Awa P it

Y agua

Mbabaram

S entani

B reton

Lithuanian

Diegueño (Mesa G rande)

Y ana P urépecha

K awaiisu

Luiseño

Nahuatl (T etelcingo)

B atak (T oba)

J avanese

K waio

T ibetan (S tandard S poken)

T ehuelche

Nambikuára

Waorani

B ejaK era

T ashlhiyt

Diola-F ogny

Murle B urarraDiyari

Dyirbal

G arrwaK alkatungu

K uku-Y alanji

MalakmalakY anyuwa

Marind

Wois ikaY elî Dnye

Uzbek (Northern)

K oyaB engali

C atalan

K alami

Norwegian

P olish

S elkupS eneca

K arok

HuastecC hinantec (Lealao)

K lamath

Maidu (Northeast)

T unicaHopi

K wakw'ala

Hawaiian

Irarutu

LenakelT igak

T iruray

Y apeseB awm

Aymara

C anela-K rahôS hipibo-K onibo

C ubeo

S hiriana

B erber (Middle Atlas )

LuvaleS upyire

S wahili

B agirmi

Maranungku

Ngiyambaa

P itjantjatjara

Alamblak

Arapesh

Dani (Lower G rand V alley)

E kari

K ewaUsan

B ashkir

C huvash

K halkha Mundari

C hukchi

Armenian (E astern)

P ashto

P ers ian

Hunzib

IngushLezgian

Abkhaz

Y ukaghir (K olyma)

Wichita

Oneida

J akaltek

Zoque (C opainalá)

K oasati

Nez P erce

T s imshian (C oast)

Y uchi

Ndyuka

K has i

K hmu'S edang

B atak (K aro)

K ilivila

P aamese

Mandarin

P aumarí J aqaru

C arib

E pena P edee

P irahã

Araona

T acana

T rumai

G uaraní

Arabic (E gyptian)Iraqw

K rongo

G rebo

K oromfeK unama

G ooniyandiK ayardild

MangarrayiMartuthunira

Nunggubuyu

UngarinjinWambaya

Wardaman

Y idinyY imas

LavukaleveAmele

AsmatK obon

Maybrat

E venki

T urkish

B urushaski

E nglish

F renchG erman G reek (Modern)

Latvian

R uss ian

S panish

G eorgian

F innish

Hungarian

C ree (P lains)

P assamaquoddy-Maliseet

G reenlandic (West)

Maricopa

K utenai

S lave

C oos (Hanis )

Miwok (S outhern S ierra)

S quamish

C ahuilla

C omanche

Y aqui

K hmer

S emelaiC hamorro

F ijian

Indones ianMalagasy

P aiwan

R apanui

T agalogT ukang B es i

Mapudungun

Apurinã

Hixkaryana

C ayuvava

R amaWichí

Urubú-K aapor

S anuma

Nenets

F igure 1: P honology Language-F eature Network

C utoff: at least 9 of 19 features

566 Langauges

P urple: AfricaG reen: Australia-New G uineaB lue: E uras iaR ed: North AmericaYellow: S outh-E ast As ia and OceaniaOrange: S outh America

Nyimang

S anguG baya K araMwera

R onga

Masakin

K ongoDay

Nara (in E thiopia)

MangbetuDongoLangi

Murs iAvokaya

T irmaga

Ndebele (in S outh Africa)

K amba

B arambu

MbaDagaare

Lingala

WolayttaB ilin

Mbere B erta

S hattK ete B aboleB afia

E dolo

Madimadi

P itta P itta

T ablaIau

S iane

S alt-Y ui

G ureng G ureng

Malakmalak

T airora

Wik MunkanY elî Dnye

T obelo

B inandere

G idabal

K unimaip a

Adynyamathanha

Nagatman

Djingili

Arapesh (Abu)

Madngele

P anyjima

Muruwari

B aruya

G ahuku

B unuba

K alam

K oryak

S anta

Y akut

S lovene

Maithili

K oluri

S elkup

Manchu

K abatei

K omi-Zyrian

Malayalam

R utul

T alysh (S outhern)

Azerbaijani

Nenets

V afs i

T uvanK iliwa

C akchiquel

K yuquot

T anacross

P ima B ajo

Hualapai

HalkomelemP assamaquoddy-Maliseet

Mazatec (Huautla)

G itksan

T utelo

T zotzil

Mohawk

Y up'ik (C entral)

Massachusett

Naga (Zeme)

Mussau

K achari

ManamIdu

P angas inan

Ala'ala

B ikol

C hepang

T hakali

Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)

Mwotlap

DumiMagar

T ugun

G allong

Ilocano

Minaveha

S imeulue

T atana'

T hangmi

K waio

T inani

C ampa (Axininca)

Wayamp i

C hácobo

Muisca

T iriyo

Matis K aingang

J ebero

Mosetén

Achagua

K enga

S ebei G umuz

B akueri

K inyarwanda

!Xóõ

B abungo

Nubian (K unuz)

Ingessana

P odoko

Lelemi

F ula (Nigerian)Mbodomo

B asaá

T ouss ian

K emant

B aule

Ndumu Qafar

K abyle

Luganda

P aakantyi

Arrernte (Mparntwe)

Y areba

Amanab

K uman

P itjantjatjara

Ngaanyatjarra

G ooniyandi

K aki AeÖmie

G uugu Y imidhirr

K orowai

K iwai

K arkar-Y uri

Warrwa

AlyawarraP awaian

G umbaynggir

Djap u

K yaka

Ngandi

Hanga HundiMeryam Mir

Usarufa

K uuku Y a'u

T elefol

P ungupungu

B eloruss ian

OsseticP rasuni

B uriat

S ardinianR omansch (S urs ilvan)

C atalan

T urkmen

S inhala

K abardian

K almyk

Assamese

Udmurt

T orwali

Mutsun

Hidatsa

Mono (in United S tates)

T epehua

Wikchamni

S eminole

B ella C oola

K arok

C ahuilla

Heiltsuk

C hipewyan

T akelma

Mixe (C oatlán)

Maidu (Northeast)

T arao

Nyamkad

Manobo (Western B ukidnon)

C hantyal

C amling

T hulung

Naga (T angkhul)Dimasa

Ma'anyan

B ali-V itu

NakanaiB anoni

J iarong

T ungak

E rromangan

C hin (T iddim)

S eediq

HiligaynonK apampangan

Mais in

Newari (Dolakha)

B ajau

Dulong

T aiof

S aliba (in P apua New G uinea)

Nancowry

Maipure

C ashibo

C ayap a

Iquito

G avião

Waorani

Amahuaca

Doyayo

B aka (in S udan)

Nzakara

B aka (in C ameroon)

Acholi

B idiyaB agiro

B ongo

G ula (in C entral African R epublic)

Dagbani

ZayseP are

J arawa (in Nigeria)

K onni

R unga

T abwa

S hilluk

S wati

S esotho

G oemai

Mofu-G udur

Dhaasanac

Ogbronuagum

G imira

Ndjébbana

Waskia

Ngalakan

Y uwaalaraay

I'saka

Hamtai

Imonda

K oita

B arai

B adimaya

S entani

Y ukulta

G olin

Iwaidja

S ougb

Wardaman

Nankina

Ngiyambaa

G eorgian

K umauni

Icelandic

B ashkir

P ortuguese

Domari

Nepali

Ukrainian

K halaj

Y ukaghir (T undra)

T onkawa

Y okuts (Y audanchi)

QuileuteP ipil

C hinook (Lower)

Apache (Western)

Y uchi

Zoque (C opainalá)

E udeve

T arahumara (C entral)

P urépecha

Zapotec (Y atzachi)

Wichita

Lacandón

K oasati

C ham (Western)

S is iqa

Mangap-Mbula

R ukai

T agalog

T shangla

Longgu

S obeiB rao

Nar-P hu

K adazan

K hmu'

Atayal

S udest

Lamaholot

P urki

K okborok

Irarutu

Ladakhi

Achang

Mono-Alu

G apapaiwa

Digaro

S herp a

B ribri

B aure

K oreguaje

T ucano

E se E jja

G uaraní

ApinayéE mbera

C ayuvava

C ubeo

P ilagá

T safiki

Mekens

T rumai

Araona

Warekena

B aré

Huitoto (Murui)

K ariri

Mocoví

J avaé

G arífuna

S hona

K oegu

K reshT eso

Didinga

Arabic (Moroccan)

K ara (in C entral African R epublic)

C hichewa

Ijo (K olokuma)

K ikuyu

K unama

K wangali B ushoong

Mondunga

S amba Leko

Mandinka (G ambian)

Mumuye

C haha

B ambara

K irma

Oromo (Waata)

Arabic (Iraqi)

Lagwan

Y uluT igré

Masalit

Amharic

Diyari

Ambulas

AnggorS uena

NgankikurungkurrK ugu Nganhcara

Y ale (K osarek)

G arrwa

Arapesh

T haayorre

WembawembaG unbalang

Y idiny

Orokaiva

Djambarrpuyngu

G ujarati

C hechen

F ris ian

K ashmiri

T ajik

K orku

S erbian-C roatian

K arachay-B alkar

T atar

HunzibAvar

G ondi

P aiute (Northern)

Wapp oOsage

K iowa

Mandan

S quamish

T unica

B iloxi

Oneida

Maricop a

T lingit

S ius lawOjibwa (E astern)

B lackfoot

S alinan

C hatino (Y aitepec)

Nevome

C hitimacha

B ontok

K aliai-K ove

Ifugao (B atad)

P aulohi

Darmiya

Naga (Mao)

B alti

K innauri

Meithei

Lepcha

P atep

T imugon

R oviana

Aros i

P aamese

P attani

C hang

Ngad'a

S amoan

T awala

R apanui

T obatiT akia

Agta (C entral)

K okota

Urak Lawoi'

S inaugoro

J abêm

Athpare

S akao

Manadonese

P uluwat

R etuarã

C aribS hiriana

C anela-K rahô

S hipibo-K onibo

Arawak

Mapudungun

K aró (Arára)

T acana

P alikur

P irahã

Huitoto (Minica)

Aymara

C arib (De'kwana)

T eribe

Ngäbere

P áezE we

P okot

UldemeE wondo

Luvale

Mooré T ubu

K eraLango

S wahili

K orana

G rebo

G beya B ossangoa

J ukun

Arabic (Modern S tandard)

R unyankoreNoon

Ndonga

Lamang

MalgwaDiola-F ogny

T emne

E ngenni

C haiJ u|'hoan

LeleLuo

Y oruba

Dyirbal

B ilua

Murrinh-P atha

P oko-R awo

Walman

Wambon

Nunggubuyu

Lavukaleve

Nasioi

Martuthunira

K oiali (Mountain)

Y indjibarndi

K obon

T auya

K ombai

K ayardild

Mangarrayi

Y agariaMaranungku

B hojpuri

K olami

P ashto

Y ukaghir (K olyma)

Ingush

Itelmen

C ornish

Albanian

K arakalpak

R omani (Welsh)

Italian

K urdish (C entral)

C zech

B reton

C hukchi

MangghuerS hina

Zoque (C himalapa)

Lakhota

C hemehuevi

Nahuatl (Michoacán)

Nahuatl (Huasteca)

C omanche

Mixtec (Y osondúa)

Zapotec (Mitla)

S arcee

G uarijío

OcuiltecoT otonac (Xicotepec de J uárez)

Mixtec (J icaltepec)

Miskito

Luiseño

Hawaiian

C èmuhî

Angami

K ilivila

S onsorol-T obi

T ondano

P alaungS tieng

Nicobarese (C ar)

B yans i

S emelai

S ikkimese

C hin (Mara)

K haling

T ongan

T ukang B es i

Mis ing

T amang

T ibetan (Modern Literary)

K aren (P wo)Mon

Arop-Lokep

C hin (S iyin)

Minangkabau

E nggano

Quechua (Huallaga)

Apalaí

G uajajara

G oajiro

S irionó

K amaiurá

Abipón

B erber (F iguig)

P äri

B agirmi

Arabic (S yrian)

MajangJ ur Mödö

B imoba

B urunge

K oromfe

G wari

S upyireMaba

Neo-Aramaic (Arbel J ewish)

Maninka (Western)

Maasai

Nkonya

K rongo

Nubian (Dongolese)

T unen

K anakuru

F ula (C ameroonian)

MoroB irom

G okana

S omali

Hebrew (Modern)

T urkana

C optic

K oyraboro S enni

B erber (R if)

T ennet

B ininj G un-Wok

West Makian

Alamblak

T idore

S iroi

Ungarinjin

K halkha

R omanian

K annada

Norwegian

Hungarian

E venki

T eluguK orean

P anjabi

Latvian

P olish

R uss ian

Mundari

Lithuanian

T sova-T ushB urushaskiLezgian

G reek (Modern)

P ers ian

Marathi

J akaltek

Y aqui

NisghaC hinantec (Quiotepec)

G reenlandic (West)

Zapotec (Is thmus)

T iipay (J amul)

S lave

Nez P erce

T rique (C opala)

Menomini

O'odham

C herokee

C hontal Maya

T arahumara (Western)

K utenai

T lapanec

T epehuan (Northern)

K hasi

T boli

G urung

K hmer

K iribati

Mandarin

K airiru

K aulong

B atak (T oba)

Y apese

Nuaulu

T inrin

Newari (K athmandu)

Niuean

Hmong Njua

Mamanwa

V ietnamese

Lahu Lai

S edang

Mokilese

C hamorro

ApataniMaru

K aren (B we)

R awang

T ahitian

Malagasy

S undaneseWichí

R es ígaro

C ocamaApurinã

Hixkaryana

Urubú-K aapor

B arasano

S anuma

Y agua

P aumarí

T ariana

Macushi

E pena P edee

Lugbara

Nkore-K iga

Ngizim

K is i

K hoekhoe

K oyra C hiini

Arabic (E gyptian)

K anuri

S ango

K arimojong

B uduma

Oromo (Harar)Adioukrou

Arabic (G ulf)

Ngambay

MaybratS ulka

K woma

G erman

F rench

S panish

E nglish

Lamani

Armenian (Western)

T urkish

B ulgarian

S wedish

J apanese

B asque

Danish

T amil

F innish

G aelic (S cots )

Abkhaz

C huvash

E stonian

Mixtec (P eñoles)

Otomí (Mezquital)

C hatino (S ierra Occidental)

Mixtec (C halcatongo)C hinantec (P alantla)Mixtec (Ocotepec)

C hoctaw

T ümpisa S hoshone

T zutujil

C oos (Hanis )

Navajo

Huastec

K lamath

C hinantec (Lealao)C hinantec (C omaltepec)

Y urok

Ndyuka

K aren (S gaw)

K osraean

Nung (in V ietnam)

Indones ian

R otuman

Manggarai

J ingpho

P ohnpeianAnejom

B urmese

T igak

Acehnese

Woleaian

Lampung

F ijian

T olai

T etun

P alauan

C antonese

Lenakel

B atak (K aro)

G umawana

F utuna-Aniwa

C hrau

Quechua (Imbabura)

Awa P it

F igure 2: Word Order Language-F eature Network

998 Languages

Word Order Language-Feature Network!

K onyagi

T lapanec

S ebei

Nas ioi

C huave

Manchu

K urukh

G oajiro

Ignaciano

C ayapa

C ofán

G uahibo

S iona

Dahalo

B ariba

K ohumono

K ashmiri

K onkaniS inhala

Ojibwa (E astern)

Achumawi

Y ucatec

Mazahua

Atayal

MaranaoS a'banMien

Wu (C hangzhou)

Nung (in V ietnam)

G uambiano

B ribri

J ivaro

Apinayé

C hulupí

Amahuaca

T icuna

K anakuruK efa

K ullo

K adugli

S andawe

AlladianAmo

B eembe

B irom

Dogon (T oro S o)

E jagham

E wondo

F e'fe'

G beya B ossangoa

G wari

Ijo (K olokuma)

J omang

K is i (S outhern)

K pelleLelemi

Mambila

Mumuye

NdutNoni

Ogbia T ampulma

T arok

UMbundu

B erta

Daju (Dar F ur)

IngessanaK omo

Lugbara

Maasai

Nyangi

Nyimang

T ama T emein

Arrernte (Mparntwe)

B ardi

Wik Munkan

B ainingT oaripi

K iwaiDera

K woma

Y essan-Mayo

S avosavo

Dadibi

Angaatiha

G adsup

K oiari

Wantoat

Y agaria

R otokas

West Makian

Y areba

K haria

Itelmen

T eluguT ulu

B ulgarian

Irish (Donegal)

K omi-Zyrian

C addo

Quileute

Aleut (E astern)

Y upik (S iberian)

S hasta

C herokee

T iwa (Northern)

Mixe (T otontepec)

C hickasaw

C hipewyan

B ella C oola

Lushootseed

S huswap

T onkawa

O'odham

Nuuchahnulth

G reat Andamanese

B ru (Western)

Nancowry

P acoh

P arauk

B ajau

C ham (Western)

K aliai-K ove

K edang

MorP o-Ai

P ohnpeian

R ukai

T ausug

T etunT sou

C hin (T iddim)

F uzhou

J ingpho

K aren (S gaw)

LepchaNaxi

Newari (K athmandu)

NishiP hlong

T amangXiamenG elao

K am (Zhanglu)

Lakkia

Lü S han

C ampa (Axininca)

IranxeR es ígaro

WapishanaY ucuna

C acua

C amsá

Akawaio

B akairí

J apreria

P anare

Itonama

F ulniô

P áez

S irionó

K abardian

Amharic

K otoko

Ngizim

S omali

S oqotri

!XóõJ u|'hoan

B ambara

Dagbani

Doyayo

E weS enadi

T emne

K oyra C hiini

P awaian

Hamtai

K unimaipa

Azerbaijani

K irghiz

Mangghuer

Moghol

T uvan

Y akut

K oryak

Albanian

K urdish (C entral)

R utul

T sova-T ush

K hantyNganasan

K iowa

S reHmong Njua

C antonese

Qawasqar

Andoke

S elknam

Abipón

Muinane Ocaina

B ororo

K aingang

Maxakalí

Movima

Arabela

HausaOromo (Harar)

K hoekhoe

IgboNkore-K iga

S ango

Y oruba

K anuri

Imonda

S elepet

S uena

B asque

B rahuiK annada

Nepali

R omanian

S indhi

J apanese

K orean

Mari (Meadow)

Y urok

Navajo

T lingit

Otomí (Mezquital)

Lakhota

V ietnamese

K iribati

B urmese

Ladakhi

Meithei

Awa P it

Y agua

Mbabaram

S entani

B reton

Lithuanian

Y ana P urépecha

K awaiisu

Luiseño

B atak (T oba)

J avanese

K waio

T ehuelche

Nambikuára

Waorani

B ejaK era

T ashlhiyt

Diola-F ogny

Dyirbal

G arrwaK alkatungu

K uku-Y alanji

MalakmalakY anyuwa

Marind

Wois ikaY elî Dnye

Uzbek (Northern)

K oyaB engali

C atalan

K alami

Norwegian

P olish

S elkupS eneca

K arok

K lamath

Maidu (Northeast)

T unicaHopi

K wakw'ala

Hawaiian

Irarutu

LenakelT igak

T iruray

Y apeseB awm

Aymara

C ubeo

S hiriana

LuvaleS upyire

S wahili

B agirmi

Maranungku

Ngiyambaa

P itjantjatjara

Alamblak

Arapesh

E kari

K ewaUsan

B ashkir

C huvash

K halkha Mundari

C hukchi

Armenian (E astern)

P ashto

P ers ian

Hunzib

IngushLezgian

Abkhaz

Y ukaghir (K olyma)

Wichita

Oneida

J akaltek

Zoque (C opainalá)

K oasati

Nez P erce

Y uchi

Ndyuka

K has i

K hmu'S edang

B atak (K aro)

K ilivila

P aamese

Mandarin

P aumarí J aqaru

C arib

E pena P edee

P irahã

Araona

T acana

T rumai

G uaraní

K rongo

G rebo

K oromfeK unama

Nunggubuyu

UngarinjinWambaya

Wardaman

Y idinyY imas

LavukaleveAmele

AsmatK obon

Maybrat

E venki

T urkish

B urushaski

E nglish

Latvian

R uss ian

S panish

G eorgian

F innish

Hungarian

C ree (P lains)

G reenlandic (West)

Maricopa

K utenai

S lave

C oos (Hanis )

S quamish

C ahuilla

C omanche

Y aqui

K hmer

S emelaiC hamorro

F ijian

Indones ianMalagasy

P aiwan

R apanui

Mapudungun

Apurinã

Hixkaryana

C ayuvava

R amaWichí

Urubú-K aapor

S anuma

Nenets

566 Langauges

•  Australia-New Guinea and SE Asia and Oceania are the most internally similar"•  SE Asia and Oceania languages are typical with respect to languages of the rest of the world"•  South American languages are not internally linguistically similar, but their distribution on the network is not uniform"

K onyagi

T lapanec

S ebei

Nas ioi

C huave

Manchu

K urukh

G oajiro

Ignaciano

C ayapa

C ofán

G uahibo

S iona

Dahalo

B ariba

K ohumono

K ashmiri

K onkaniS inhala

Ojibwa (E astern)

Achumawi

Y ucatec

Mazahua

Atayal

MaranaoS a'banMien

Wu (C hangzhou)

Nung (in V ietnam)

G uambiano

B ribri

J ivaro

Apinayé

C hulupí

Amahuaca

T icuna

K anakuruK efa

K ullo

K adugli

S andawe

AlladianAmo

B eembe

B irom

Dogon (T oro S o)

E jagham

E wondo

F e'fe'

G beya B ossangoa

G wari

Ijo (K olokuma)

J omang

K is i (S outhern)

K pelleLelemi

Mambila

Mumuye

NdutNoni

Ogbia T ampulma

T arok

UMbundu

B erta

Daju (Dar F ur)

IngessanaK omo

Lugbara

Maasai

Nyangi

Nyimang

T ama T emein

Arrernte (Mparntwe)

B ardi

Wik Munkan

B ainingT oaripi

K iwaiDera

K woma

Y essan-Mayo

S avosavo

Dadibi

Angaatiha

G adsup

K oiari

Wantoat

Y agaria

R otokas

West Makian

Y areba

K haria

Itelmen

T eluguT ulu

B ulgarian

Irish (Donegal)

K omi-Zyrian

C addo

Quileute

Aleut (E astern)

Y upik (S iberian)

S hasta

C herokee

T iwa (Northern)

Mixe (T otontepec)

C hickasaw

C hipewyan

B ella C oola

Lushootseed

S huswap

T onkawa

O'odham

Nuuchahnulth

G reat Andamanese

B ru (Western)

Nancowry

P acoh

P arauk

B ajau

C ham (Western)

K aliai-K ove

K edang

MorP o-Ai

P ohnpeian

R ukai

T ausug

T etunT sou

C hin (T iddim)

F uzhou

J ingpho

K aren (S gaw)

LepchaNaxi

Newari (K athmandu)

NishiP hlong

T amangXiamenG elao

K am (Zhanglu)

Lakkia

Lü S han

C ampa (Axininca)

IranxeR es ígaro

WapishanaY ucuna

C acua

C amsá

Akawaio

B akairí

J apreria

P anare

Itonama

F ulniô

P áez

S irionó

K abardian

Amharic

K otoko

Ngizim

S omali

S oqotri

!XóõJ u|'hoan

B ambara

Dagbani

Doyayo

E weS enadi

T emne

K oyra C hiini

P awaian

Hamtai

K unimaipa

Azerbaijani

K irghiz

Mangghuer

Moghol

T uvan

Y akut

K oryak

Albanian

K urdish (C entral)

R utul

T sova-T ush

K hantyNganasan

K iowa

S reHmong Njua

C antonese

Qawasqar

Andoke

S elknam

Abipón

Muinane Ocaina

B ororo

K aingang

Maxakalí

Movima

Arabela

HausaOromo (Harar)

K hoekhoe

IgboNkore-K iga

S ango

Y oruba

K anuri

Imonda

S elepet

S uena

B asque

B rahuiK annada

Nepali

R omanian

S indhi

J apanese

K orean

Mari (Meadow)

Y urok

Navajo

T lingit

Otomí (Mezquital)

Lakhota

V ietnamese

K iribati

B urmese

Ladakhi

Meithei

Awa P it

Y agua

Mbabaram

S entani

B reton

Lithuanian

Y ana P urépecha

K awaiisu

Luiseño

B atak (T oba)

J avanese

K waio

T ehuelche

Nambikuára

Waorani

B ejaK era

T ashlhiyt

Diola-F ogny

Dyirbal

G arrwaK alkatungu

K uku-Y alanji

MalakmalakY anyuwa

Marind

Wois ikaY elî Dnye

Uzbek (Northern)

K oyaB engali

C atalan

K alami

Norwegian

P olish

S elkupS eneca

K arok

K lamath

Maidu (Northeast)

T unicaHopi

K wakw'ala

Hawaiian

Irarutu

LenakelT igak

T iruray

Y apeseB awm

Aymara

C ubeo

S hiriana

LuvaleS upyire

S wahili

B agirmi

Maranungku

Ngiyambaa

P itjantjatjara

Alamblak

Arapesh

E kari

K ewaUsan

B ashkir

C huvash

K halkha Mundari

C hukchi

Armenian (E astern)

P ashto

P ers ian

Hunzib

IngushLezgian

Abkhaz

Y ukaghir (K olyma)

Wichita

Oneida

J akaltek

Zoque (C opainalá)

K oasati

Nez P erce

Y uchi

Ndyuka

K has i

K hmu'S edang

B atak (K aro)

K ilivila

P aamese

Mandarin

P aumarí J aqaru

C arib

E pena P edee

P irahã

Araona

T acana

T rumai

G uaraní

K rongo

G rebo

K oromfeK unama

Nunggubuyu

UngarinjinWambaya

Wardaman

Y idinyY imas

LavukaleveAmele

AsmatK obon

Maybrat

E venki

T urkish

B urushaski

E nglish

Latvian

R uss ian

S panish

G eorgian

F innish

Hungarian

C ree (P lains)

G reenlandic (West)

Maricopa

K utenai

S lave

C oos (Hanis )

S quamish

C ahuilla

C omanche

Y aqui

K hmer

S emelaiC hamorro

F ijian

Indones ianMalagasy

P aiwan

R apanui

Mapudungun

Apurinã

Hixkaryana

C ayuvava

R amaWichí

Urubú-K aapor

S anuma

Nenets

566 Langauges

visualizing data in the world atlas of language structures ...anni/papers/irvine_lsa_2010.pdf ·...

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