visual dictionary

James BarnesMatthew Preskitt

Air Barrier paper:material that is impermeable to air flow and is continuous around the whole building

Attic ventilation: During the summer, excess heat that builds up in the attic during the day results in high energy costs for cooling. Also, moisture produced within the home may move into the attic if ceiling vapor barriers are not used. If this moisture is not exhausted from the attic it can condense and cause insulation and construction materials to deteriorate.

Soffit vent

Ridge Vent

Gable vent

Roof turbine

Backhoe: a piece of excavating equipment or digger consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm; It digs the footings for a building. This backhoe has a 24 inch bucket.

Batter Boards: Horizontal boards nailed to corner posts located just outside the corners of a proposed building.

Brick Arches: Roman Arch Jack Arch

Arch with a Keystone

Centering:temporary framework for an arch, dome, or vault

Brick bonds:Running bond- consists of coursed stretchers

Brick Bonds:Flemish bond- the courses alternate between stretchers and header.

Rowlocks

Headers

Soldiers

Sailors

Bulldozer: a crawler (caterpillar tracked tractor), equipped with a substantial metal plate (known as a blade) used to push large quantities of soil, sand, rubble, etc., during construction work and typically equipped at the rear with a claw-like device (known as ripper) to loosen densely-compacted materials.

CladdingBrick

EIFS

StoneCoursed Ashlar

Wood Boards

Wood Shingles: they are shingles and not shakes because they are a sheet material.

Code Requirements

24 ½” wide X 33 ½” tall

Code RequirementsStairs exceeded 7 ¾” riser and 11” tread by having an 8” riser and 11 ½” tread

Concrete jointsControl Joint

An intentional, linear discontinuity in a structure or component, designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces so as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure.

Concrete JointsIsolation Joints

A joint, such as an expansion joint, between two adjacent structures which are not in physical contact.

Concrete masonry unit (CMU)- a block of hardened concrete, with or without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the same manner as a brick or stone; a concrete block. Typical dimensions of CMUs are 8” wide and 16” long the two to the right are 10”x8”x16” and 4”x8”x16”.

Decorative CMU

Decorative CMU

DoorsFlush Door

2 Panel Door

LOCK RAIL

TOP RAIL

BOTTOM RAIL

PANEL

STILE

Transom: a small window above a door.

TRANSOM

Sidelight: a tall, narrow window alongside a door.

SIDELIGHT

Electrical ComponentsTransformer box: changes the voltage of alternating current.

Service Head:portion of the overhead service between the Company’s last pole or support to and including splices, if any, and the first point of attachment of the Customer’s facilities

Meter:is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to or produced by a residence, business or machine.

Service Panel:The main circuit breaker panel (or fuse box) where all the circuits tie into the incoming electrical supply line

Duplex Receptacle:commonly used receptacle (outlet). Called "duplex" because it has two plug-in sockets.

Framing Elements:1) Anchor Bolt

2) Sill Plate

3) Floor Joist

4) Subflooring

5) Sole Plate

6) Stud

7) Top plate

8) stringer

9) Ceiling Joist

10) Rafter

11) Roof Decking

12) Sheathing

Front End Loader: is a type of tractor, usually wheeled, sometimes on tracks, that has a front mounted square wide bucket connected to the end of two booms (arms) to scoop up loose material from the ground, such as dirt, sand or gravel, and move it from one place to another without pushing the material across the ground.

Gypsum Board:an interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces; called drywall, plasterboard.

Heat PumpCompressor/Condenser: this increases the pressure of the refrigerant so that it will accept the maximum amount of heat from the air; it contains oils that move heat to or from the air inside the home.

Heat pumpAir Handler: fan that blows the air into the ducts of the home.

Pros and Cons of Heat Pump:

Advantage: these are one of the most efficient systems you can buy to heat your home.

Disadvantage: it does not operate well in climates that are constantly below freezing.

Insulation:Batt/Blanket: made up of fiber glass material that is most commonly found in wall cavities

InsulationLoose Fill: thermal insulating material installed in a particular form so as to pour and fill space easily in such locations as cores of hollow masonry units or spaces between the ceiling joists

Insulation Spray Foamed: a plastic thermal insulating material that is sprayed, injected, or poured into a building cavity as a liquid that expands to become a lightweight foam.

InsulationRigid Board: is commonly used where a high R-value per unit thickness is required or where insulation is used to support another material.

Lintel(Steel) lintel: a beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or door opening.

Mortar JointsConcave: tooled joint; 3/8” thick; type S mortar.

Extruded: 3/8” thick; residential building; type N mortar

Oriented Strand Board (OSB): A building panel composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions and bonded together into three to five layers under pressure.

Plumbing:

Lavatory uses a 1½” waste

pipe

Water closet uses a 3” drain pipe

Manufactured Tub Installed

Vent through roof (VTR): a vent connected to the sewer side of each P-trap which supplies air so that draining water cannot create a suction to pull water out of the trap.

Under mounted Lavatory

Plywood: A wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer (a thin layer, sheet, or facing) glued and bonded together under pressure.

Radiant Barrier A reflective foil

placed adjacent to an airspace in roof or wall assemblies as a deterrent to the passage of infrared energy.

Rebar: This particular rebar is ½” in diameter and is referred to as #4 bar. The deformations allow for better bonding to concrete.

Steep Roof Drainage

Guttera channel that

collects rainwater and snowmelt at the eave of a roof.

Downspouta vertical pipe for

conducting water from a roof to a lower level.

Splash block: a small precast block of concrete or plastic used to divert water from the roof above.

Steep Roof MaterialsUnderlayment: a layer of waterproof material such as building felt between roof sheathing and roofing. This layer serves to protect the building from precipitation before the roofing is applied; it also provides a permanent second layer of defense to back up the roofing.

Non Asphalt shingle roof. Shingles: small, lightweight units applied in overlapping layers with staggered vertical joints. This is an example of a metal shingled roof.

Metal Panel Roof: the most common types are fastened to the roof with exposed screws sealed with neoprene washers. Narrower panels approximately 12 inches wide are produced with raised edge seams that include a means of concealed attachment to the roof deck and a snap-together interlocking mechanism.

Roof ShapesGable

Gambrel

Hip

Mansard

Steep Roof Terms Ridge: the level intersection of two roof planes in a gable roof.

Valley: a trough formed by the intersection of two roof slopes

Eave: the horizontal edge at the low side of a sloping roof.

Rake: the sloping edge of a steep roof.

Fascia: the exposed vertical face of an eave.

No Fascia

Soffit: the undersurface of a horizontal element of a building, especially the underside of a stair or roof overhang.

Coursed Ashlar

Random Rubble

Vapor RetarderA layer of material

intended to diminish the flow of air and vapor through the building assembly; it is installed on the warmer side of the insulation layer.

WaterproofingThis waterproofing

is liquid applied and fully adhered. It consists of multiple layers of water proofing.

Weep HoleA small opening

whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building component or assembly.

This piece of welded wire fabric is laying in a bed of sand. The grid is 6” x 6”.

WindowsThis is known as an

awning window because it is horizontally hinged at the top.

This is an out swinging casement window because it is hinged along the side of the window.

This is a double-hung window because there are two operable sashes that slide up and down in tracks in the frame of the window.