viaq test methods and regulatory compliance · 2017. 10. 11. · vehicle interior air quality intro...
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VIAQ Test Methods and
Regulatory Compliance
Mark Polster
Ford Motor Company
Vehicle Interior Air Quality Intro – Part 1
• Vehicle owners in the Asia Pacific (AP) region have higher rates of interior odor complaints vs. other regions.
• Science has shown that customers in the AP market have a different sensitivity to odors due to cultural differences and have a higher awareness of pollutants in dense urban centers.
• China, Korea and Japan have or are preparing to enforce new VIAQ regulations.
• OEMs have developed performance based VOC methods and standards to develop and build vehicles that exceed vehicle regulations.
• More work is necessary to understand the correlation between materials, components and vehicles emissions rates.
Vehicle Interior Air Quality Intro – Part 2
• Efforts are underway to harmonize performance based standards at all levels to benefit the customer and reduce the cost of compliance.
• Working groups such as United Nations, ISO and SAE are developing these harmonized standards.
• With the help of sampling and analytical suppliers the science for VIAQ test technologies have greatly improved.
• Beyond material contributions regulators are also looking to measure other air pollutants in the vehicle interior from various external sources.
• In the future, vehicles will have innovative vehicle interior air quality systems with advanced low-VOC materials, high capacity air filters, new sensors, and intelligent software to reduce and maintain vehicle interior air quality.
How do we measure the “New Car Smell”
• The “New Car Small” is the concentration of chemicals that are a function of material properties, temperature, soak time, ventilation, aging of the materials.
• "Test substances" mean substances to be measured, these are typically 8 substances: Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Benzene, Toluene, Xylene, Ethylbenzene, Styrene, and Acrolein.
• The sample is collected on a thermal desorption tube analyzed by GC-
MS to ISO-16000-6 or DNPH Cartridge to ISO -16000-3.
How do we measure the “New Car Smell”
Vehicle Method Time Study
6
• Vertical lines represent
sample times of the
current methods
• Rise times of VOCs
vary by compound
• This data is very
typical of a new
vehicle
• Notice the reduced
concentration of the
test after a 16 vs. 2
hour soak.
Vehicle Method Time Study
7
• Vehicles that are left
to ventilate over time
will have a large
reduction in the
emission rates of
total VOCs from C6
to C16
• This is not true for all
compounds, next
slide…
Vehicle Method Time Study
8
• For Acetaldehyde the
vehicles left to
ventilate over time had
the same emission
rates over time.
• Notice the reduced
concentration of the
test after a 16 vs. 2
hour soak.
J.D POWER DATA
• Vehicle quality in
China has improved
dramatically over time.
• Notice the 2016 issues
per 100 level (102).
J.D POWER DATA
• The top quality
issue, by a large
factor, is interior
odor.
• In 2016 odor issues
were at a national
rate of 16 per 100,
more than the next
three combined.
• Odor also saw the
largest increase
from 2015
J.D POWER DATA
11
• Looking at the same
subset of vehicles,
the data shows a
very different result
between the China
and US market.
• In China the same
vehicle is 18 times
more likely to get an
odor complaint.
• By Region Data show that AP, especially China, have far higher rates of odor complains.
Ford Odor TGW (Issues at 3 months)
0102030405060708090
NARegion
SARegion
EURegion
APRegion
China
Odor TGW (2017 Data)
• Number of days to deliver a domestic vehicle in the China market is far faster than in the North American and European markets for the Ford Focus.
Vehicle Delivery Time (Days) for Ford Focus
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
NorthAmerica
Europe China
<14
14-28
>28
• Actual maximum lead time for some seat materials from application to manufacture to delivery.
Normal Material Lead Times
Material type
Leather Vinyl Fabric Seat back carpet
Lead time 7 days 7 days 2-7 days 7 days
China GB 27630-2017 - Timing & Limits
• Timing
– 2017/05 - China Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) issues draft standard, GB 27630-2017
– 2017/?? - Final version is likely to be released in 2017.
– 2020/07 (DRAFT DATE) - High possibility for implementation ahead of draft date.
No. Items GB/T 27630-2011 Limit (µg/m3)
GB 27630-XXXX Limit(µg/m3)
1 Benzene / 苯 110 50 2 Toluene / 甲苯 1100 1000 3 Xylene / 二甲苯 1500 1000 4 Ethylbenzene / 乙苯 1500 1000
5 Styrene / 苯乙烯 260 260 6 Formaldehyde / 甲醛 100 100
7 Acetaldehyde / 乙醛 50 200
8 Acrolein / 丙烯醛 50 50
Overview of Industry Workgroups
• ISO – International Standards Organization – ISO/TC22 ISO/TC146/SC6 WG13, Interior air of road vehicles
• OICA – International auto industry – Informal Working Group (IWG) on Vehicle Interior Air Quality (VIAQ) – Technical Working Group (TWG) or Task Force (TF) on Vehicle Interior Air Quality (VIAQ)
• ACEA – European auto industry – Task Force on Vehicle Interior Air Quality
• UN – United Nations – GRPE/WP.29 Informal Working Group (IWG) on Vehicle Interior Air Quality (VIAQ)
• SAE – Society of Automotive Engineers – VOC Committee
• VDA – German Association of the Automotive Industry – Workgroup Indoor Air
• USCAR – VIAQ Committee under U.S. Automotive Materials Partnership (USAMP)
UNECE GRPE VIAQ IWG ROADMAP
• VIAQ is going
beyond VOCs
SLIDE FROM NAMI PRESENTATION
• VIAQ to include
more pollutants
and
more sources
• Korea and China are co-leading Stage 1 • Next : Exhaust gas in the cabin, Russia/Korea to lead Stage 2
UNECE GRPE VIAQ IWG ROADMAP
ISO TC22/TC146 SC6 WG13 Test Methods
• ISO 12219-1, Part 1 - Whole vehicle test chamber - Specification and method for the determination of volatile organic compounds in cabin interiors
• ISO 12219-2, Part 2: Screening method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from car trim components – Bag method
• ISO 12219-3, Part 3: Screening method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from car trim components – Micro-scale chamber method
• ISO 12219-4, Part 4: Method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from car trim components – Small chamber method
• ISO 12219-5, Part 5: Screening method for the determination of emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from car trim components – Static chamber method
• ISO 12219-6, Part 6: Method for the determination of the emissions of semi-volatile organic compounds from vehicle interior parts and materials - Small chamber method
• ISO 12219-7, Part 7: Odour determination in interior air of road vehicles and test chamber air of trim components by olfactory measurements
• ISO 12219-8, Part 8: Handling and Packaging of Materials and Components for Emissions Testing
• ISO 12219-9, Part 9: Screening method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from vehicle interior parts and materials - Large bag method
• The JWG 13 meeting will be held in the week from September 25-29, 2017 in Düsseldorf, Germany.
• ISO 16000-6, Active sampling method for VOCs, NWIP approved.
Thank you!
Questions and Discussion
Thank you,
Mark Polster - mpolster@ford.com
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