vertical communications -...

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

Vertical communications

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

STAIRS

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

STAIRS

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

STAIRS

Basic terminology:staircase - all elements forming stairsstair space - space structurally or at least functionally separated

from other spaces of buildingsstair wellflight - the connection between different levels,

it contains min. 3 steps.landing - level space (platform) at the end of a flight of stairs or

between 2 flight of stairsmain landing - on floor level intermediate landing (half landing)

between 2 floor levelsstep - the basic element of stairs

tread ....going (run)riser ....ricenoising

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

railing - support, barrier (handrail)

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

ascending line - the line placed in theoretical axis of ascent(walking line)

- the optimum dimensions (design) are measuredon walking line

stairs pitch - the angle between ascending line and horizontal plane(slope) the stair’s pitch determines the proportion between

going and rise of steps- the stair’s pitch depends on the function of buildings

α

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

Stair’s classification(according to different criterions)

function main

secondary

auxiliary

equalising

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

placement:

internal

external

terrain

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

number of flights:

single-flight

double flight

several flight

three-flight

four-flight …

branching

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

Stairs classification - cont.

plan form (stair plan types) straight (run) stairscurved st. (ex.=spiral)blended (combined)

ascending (walking) direction directright-turning left-turning

acc. to the material wood, stone, steel, concrete, combinations

technology cast-in-placeprefabricated

structure fully supported, newel, pier, string, slab, suspended, overhanging

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

Basic requirements

structural requirements loadbearing capacity

architectural and circulation r. placement (simple accessibility)(functional) safe and comfortable

movement up and downaesthetic req. (shape, form)simple cleaning, maintenance

environmental requirements lightingventilation

fire safety fire escapefire resistance

economical requirements durability

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

Structural requirementsdesign of bearing elements:

ultimate states: 1. bearing capacity2. usability3. durability

the live-load of the area of staircase and corridors3,0 kN/m2 residential buildings, hotels, kindergartens,

nurseries, hospitals, office buildings, ...4,0 kN/m2 schools, stations such as railway stations,

restaurants, theatres, cinemas, concert halls, libraries, selected industrial buildings

5,0 kN/m2 any kind of grand-stands (platforms)

the live-load which affects on railing (horizontal and vertical direction)1,0 kN/m schools, theatres, ....high concentration

of people0,5 kN/m residential buildings, administration buildings

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

Architectural and circulation requirements

• Position in building - function of the building- simple accessibility- simple orientation

• Aestetic requirements - image of the building- corresponance with standard level(materials, colours, forms, shapes)( maintenance, cleaning)

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

Architectural and circulation requirements

• Safe, comfortable movement

Dimensions of steps and flight pitch(measurement)

pitch = ratio 2 h + b = 630 mm

max. recommended rise resp. stair pitchr α

terrain 150mmpublic buildings 160mmadministration 180mmresidential b. without lift 33o

residential b. with a lift 35o

to the basement 35o

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

min. recommended going

130 mm min. width of winder (only up)

210 mm min. width (non comfortable)on straight steps

230 mm safe movement

250 mm comfortable movement= min. tread

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

Stair pitch (slope)

stair kind pitch/o/ riser

ramp stair 10-20 80-130gentle 20-25 130-150current 25-35 150-180steep 35-45 180-200ladder 45-58 200-250step ladders 58-80ladders (vertical) 80-90

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

2. Flight width circulation, escape

circulation strip 600 mm

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

minimum width

auxiliary stairs 600 mmsecondary stairs 900 mmmain stairs in family houses 900 mmmain stairs in residential build. (1100)mm !public buildings 1200 mm

including gap max. 50 mmrailing max. 50 mmhandrailmax. 100 mmstring max. 200 mm

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

Free passage

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

Length of central lending

Number of steps in flight: min 3

max. 16

family houses, secondary stairs 18

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

Design of curved stair

Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.