verb tenses. the principal parts of verbs are the present, present participle, past, past...

Verb Tenses

Verb Tenses

The principal parts of verbs are the present, present participle, past, past participle, and future.

Verb Tenses

The tense of a verb indicates the time of the action or state of being expressed by the verb.

Present Tense

Present Tense indicates an action in the present.

Examples: Now the class

begins. She walks to

class.

Present Participle Participles are used with a helping verb

in front (am, is, are, was, were)

The present participle is usually formed by adding –ing to the present form. Jumping, walking

Most verbs that end in –e drop the e before adding the –ing. Hope Hoping

Some verbs double the final consonant before adding –ing. Hug Hugging

Past

The past tense indicates an action that occurred in the past.

The past tense is usually formed by adding –d or –ed to the present form.

Example: We wanted to see the show.

Past Participles

Participles are formed with a helping verb in front of it (have, had, has)

Past participles can be used an adjective or modifier.

The past participle of regular verbs is formed by adding –d or –ed to the present form.

Example: Since the dishes were washed, we left the kitchen.

Practice

Page 221 Exercise

1

Future The future tense indicates an action

in the future.

In the future tense the word will is used with the verb. Sometimes shall is used when the pronoun I or we is the subject.

Examples: He will go to school tomorrow. Susan will cook spaghetti

tonight.

Irregular Verbs

An irregular verb forms its past and past participle some other way than adding –d or –ed to the end of the verb.

There are many irregular verbs (about 250).

Common Irregular Verbs Finish the table in your notes by using the chart

in your textbook. (Page 223-226)

Present Present Participle

Past Past Participle

Be Is Was, were

been

Drink Drinking Drank Drunk

Eat Eating Ate Eaten

See Seeing Saw Seen

Swim Swimming Swam Swum

Practice

Page 224 Exercise 2

Page 227 Exercise 3

Verb Tense

The tense of a verb tells when it is happening. (past, present and future)

IMPORTANT

Do NOT change needlessly from one tense to another. Tenses should remain consistent.

Example: Inconsistent: When we go to the

movies, we bought some popcorn. Consistent: When we go to the

movies, we buy some popcorn. Consistent: When we went to the

movies, we bought some popcorn.

Practice

Page 232 Exercise 4

Page 228 Review A Page 229 Review B

Sit / Set

Sit – to be seated

Set – to put something somewhere

Base Present Participle

Past Past Participle

Sit Sitting Sat (have) sat

Set Setting Set (have) set

Sit / Set

Examples: (write the sentence and fill in the blank with the correct word)

1. I am ________ at my desk.

2. I have _______ all morning.

3. I am ________ my pencil on my desk.

4. I have _______ my pencil on my desk.

Sit / Set

Examples: (write the sentence and fill in the blank with the correct word)

1. I am sitting at my desk.

2. I have sat all morning.

3. I am setting my pencil on my desk.

4. I have set my pencil on my desk

Practice

Page 235 Exercise 6

Rise / Raise

Rise – to go up Raise – to lift something up

Base Present Participle

Past Past Participle

Rise (is) rising Rose (have) risen

Raise Raising Raised (have) raised

Rise / Raise

Examples: (write the sentence and fill in the blank with the correct word)

1. I am ________ from my desk.

2. I _______ from my desk.

3. I have ______ from my desk.

4. I am ________ my hand.

5. I have _______ my hand.

Rise / Raise

Examples: (write the sentence and fill in the blank with the correct word)

1. I am rising from my desk.

2. I rise from my desk.

3. I have risen from my desk.

4. I am raising my hand.

5. I have raised my hand.

Practice

Page 236 Exercise 7

Lie / Lay

Lie – to recline Lay – to put something down

Base Present Participle

Past Past Participle

Lie (is) lying Lay (have) lain

Lay (is) laying Laid (have) laid

Practice

1. Grandma is (lying, laying) down.2. I should go (lie, lay) down, too.3. The silverware is (lying, laying) on

the table. 4. I don’t know where I (lay, laid) my

keys.5. I should have (lain, laid) them on

the table.6. I should have (lain, laid) down an

hour ago.

Practice

Page 238 Exercise 8

Page 239 Review C