vector, scalar and units review. vector vs. scalar definitions: vectors are any quantity in physics...
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Vector, Scalar and Units Review
Vector vs. Scalar
Definitions: Vectors are any quantity in physics that can
be characterized by both its magnitude and direction.
Scalars are any quantity in physics that can be characterized by magnitude only.
What is Magnitude?
To keep is simple, magnitude can be thought of the value associated with a vector or scalar quantity. Ex. A boy runs 100 meters in the northerly
direction in 20 seconds. What is the magnitude of his average velocity?
Ans.
Note: magnitude is the value 5 m/s, which is also the scalar component of the velocity vector. In this example, it is the speed.
sms
m
t
dv /5
20
100
d
Stands for? Displacement or distance
The Units are? meters (m)
Displacement is a vector quantity. Distance is a scalar quantity.
v
Stands for? Velocity or speed
The Units are? meters per second (m/s)
Velocity is a vector quantity. Speed is a scalar quantity, and is the
magnitude of the velocity vector.
a, ac
Stands for? Acceleration ac represents centripetal acceleration, which is
an inward directed acceleration that applies to objects moving in circular paths.
The Units are? meters per second2 (m/s2)
Acceleration is a vector quantity.
m
Stands for? mass
The Units are? kilograms (kg)
Mass is a scalar quantity.
t
Stands for? time
The Units are? seconds (s)
Time is a scalar quantity.
F, Fg, Fe
Stands for? Force Fg = mg, is the force due to gravity or weight.
Fe is an electrostatic force.
The Units are? Newtons (N)
Force is a vector quantity
p
Stands for? Momentum = mv
The Units are? Kilogram-meter per second (kgm/s)
momentum is a vector quantity.
J
Stands for? Impulse = Ft
The Units are? Newton-second (Ns)
Impulse is a vector quantity.
r
Stands for? Radial distance between two points or objects.
The Units are? meters (m)
r is a scalar quantity
E
Stands for? Electric Field Intensity or Strength.
The Units are? N/C (F/q) V/m (V/d)
Electric Field Intensity is a vector quantity.
q
Stands for? Charge
Units are? Coulombs (C)
Alternate symbol representation: Q or e
Charge is a scalar quantity.
I
Stands for? Current (Flow of positive charge).
Units are? Amperes (A)
Current is a scalar quantity
V
Stands for? Volts / Voltage / Potential Difference / Electric
Potential The Units are?
Volts Electric Potential is a scalar quantity.
R
Stands for? Resistance (An electrical property of a
material that is a measure of the resistance to flow of electrons in relation to an electrical potential.)
The Units are? Ohms (Ω)
Resistance is a scalar quantity.
Stands for? Resistivity (A natural property of a material
that is a measure of the resistance to the flow of electrons.)
The Units are? Ωm
A
Stands for? Cross-sectional area (of a conductor).
The Units are? m2
L
Stands for? Length (of a conductor).
The Units are? m
E
May also be represented by U or W Stands for?
Energy The Units are?
Joules (J) Energy is a scalar quantity.
W
Stands for? Work
The Units are? Joules (J)
Work is a scalar quantity.
P
Stands for? Power
The Units are? Watts (W) Joule per second (J/s)
Power is a scalar quantity.
B
Stands for? Magnetic Field Intensity.
The Units are? Tesla (T)
Magnetic Field Intensity is a vector quantity.
c
Stands for? Speed of light
The Units are? m/s
The Value is? 3.0 x 108 m/s
f
Stands for? Frequency (The number of waves that pass a
point in space per unit of time.) The Units are?
Hertz (Hz), cycles/second, or (1/s) Frequency is a scalar quantity.
T
Stands for? Period (The time required for a wave to
complete 1 cycle, or one wavelength.) The Units are?
Seconds (s) The period is a scalar quantity.
λ
Stands for? Wavelength (The distance at which a wave will
repeat the same pattern over again.) The Units are?
Meters (m) Wavelength is a scalar quantity
n
Stands for? Index of refraction (property of a material that
is used to determine both the speed of light in that material and the amount that the light will bend.)
Quantum energy level. The Units are?
None
θi, θr, θ1, θ2
Stands for? Angle of incidence (θi)
Angle of reflection (θr)
Angle of incidence (θ1)
Angle of refraction (θ2) All angles are relative to a normal to the surface.
h
Stands for? Planck's Constant
The Units are? Joule • second (J.s)
The value is: 6.626 x 10-34 J.s
k
Stands for? Electrostatic constant
The Units are? Newtons • meters2 / Coulombs2 (Nm2/C2)
The Value is: 8.99 x 109 Nm2/C2
e
Stands for? Elementary charge Charge on a proton or electron
The Units are? Coulombs (C)
The Value is: 1.6 x 10-19 C
Kinematics
Name Symbol Unit Name Symbol
Distance / Displacement d meters m
Time t seconds s
Velocity / Speed v meters / second m/s
Acceleration a meters / second2 m/s2
Forces
Name Symbol Unit Name Symbol
Force F Newton N (kg·m/s2)
Net Force Fnet = ma Newton N (kg·m/s2)
Normal Force FN or N Newton N (kg·m/s2)
Tensional Force FT or T Newton N (kg·m/s2)
Weight / Gravitational Force Fg or W = mg Newton N (kg·m/s2)
Friction Ff Newton N (kg·m/s2)
Centripetal Force Fc = mv2/r Newton N (kg·m/s2)
Coefficient of Friction
Work & Energy
Name Symbol Unit Name Symbol
Work W = Fd Joule or Newton - meter J or Nm
Potential Energy PE Joule J
Kinetic Energy KE = ½mv2 Joule J
Internal Energy / Heat Q Joule J
Power P Watt W or J/s
Momentum P = mv Kilogram-meter/second kg∙m/s
Impulse J = Ft Newton-second N∙s
Spring Constant k Newton/meter N/m or kg/s2
Electrostatics
Name Symbol Unit Name Symbol
Electrostatic Force Fe Newton N
Electric Field Intensity E Newtons/CoulombVolts/Meter
N/CV/m
Charge Q, q Coulombs C
Current Electricity
Name Symbol Unit Name Symbol
Current I Amperes A
Voltage / Potential Difference / Electric Potent.
V Volts V
Resistance R Ohms
Resistivity Ohm – meter m
Cross-sectional Area A Meters2 m2
Length L Meters m
Power P WattsJoules/second
WJ/s
Energy E Joules J
Work W Joules J
Magnetism
Name Symbol Unit Name Symbol
Magnetic Field Intensity B Tesla T
Waves
Name Symbol Unit Name Symbol
Speed v Meters/second m/s
Speed of Light c Meters/second m/s
Wavelength Meters m
Frequency f Hertz (Hz)1/seconds
1/s
Period T Time (seconds) s
Light & Optics
Name Symbol Unit Name Symbol
Index of Refraction n None
Angle of Incidence i, or 1 Degrees / Radians o, Rad
Angle of Reflection r Degrees / Radians o, Rad
Angle of Refraction 2 Degrees / Radians o, Rad
Constants
Name Symbol Unit Name Symbol
Planck’s Constant h 6.626 E-34 J.s
Electrostatic Constant k 8.99 E9 N.m2/C2
The elementary Charge e 1.6 E-19 C
Vector or Scalar?
Scalars Vectors
Distance Power Displacement Momentum
Speed Charge Velocity Impulse
Mass Current Acceleration Electric Field StrengthTime Voltage Force
Work Resistance Weight Magnetic Field StrengthEnergy Wavelength Normal Force
Kinetic Energy Frequency Tension
Pot. Energy Period Friction
Elect. Energy Centripetal ForceInternal Energy
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