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Sharif University of Technology
e cu ar oc e wor s
By:Neshat Etemadi Rad
Masoumeh Moradian
Wireless Communication Networks
Instructor:
Dr. S.Jamaloddin Golestani
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Outline
Introduction
VANET applications IEEE 802.11p(WAVE)
802.11a modification in PHY layer
802.11e in MAC layer Routing protocols in VANET
Conclusion
References
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Introduction
app ca ons
IEEE 802.11p(WAVE)
. a mo ca on n ayer
802.11e in MAC layer
Conclusion
e erences
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History
In 1999,the U.S. FCC allocated 75MHZ of DSRC
.
and V2I communications.
[1]
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.HIGH NODE MOBILITY AND FAST TOPOLOGY CHANGES.
MANET:Mobile Ad-hoc Network VANET:Vehicular Ad-hoc Network
[2]
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NOTE:
The rimar ur ose is to enable ublic safet and
applications.
Private services are also permitted.
e amoun o n orma on s re a ve y sma .
,dissemination are fundamental.
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Introduction
IEEE 802.11p(WAVE)
.
802.11e in MAC layer
Conclusion
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VANETAPPLICATIONS:
Road safet a lications:
Reduced/avoid accidents Alert the driver without taking the control of the vehicle
ree o c arge
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Reduce traffic
Propose real-time alternative routes
Some of them should be free of charge
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Multimedia/Internet services
Finding parking place
In general not free of charge for the user
[3]
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[1]
V2R based VANET
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[4]
[1]
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Introduction
IEEE 802.11p(WAVE).
802.11e in MAC layer
Conclusion
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IEEE 802.11 P(WAVE)
Service channel SCH and Control channel CCH
intervals
[5]
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IEEE 802.11p 23:09
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. a mo ca on or n ayer.
7channels(10MHZ)(can combine 2 channels for
additional bandwidth
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IEEE 802.11p 23:09
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RTS/CTS HANDSHAKING
[5]
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IEEE 802.11p
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802.11 e in MAC layer
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IEEE 802.11p 23:09
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Backoff after successful transmission
Backoff after unsuccessful transmission
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[9]
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IEEE 802.11p 23:09
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Introduction
IEEE 802.11p(WAVE)
802.11e in MAC layer
Conclusion
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ROUTING IN VANET
Destination is out of range of source Multi hop transmission is needed
o Many protocols are represented for
MANETSo In VANET:
Dynamic nature of nodes
Restricted area of mobility and obstacles
o Main challenge: Find and maintain a route 21
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CLASSIFICATION OF VANET ROUTING
PROTOCOLS
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AD HOC ROUTING
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Reactive, proactive and hybrid
AODV : Ad hoc on-demand distance vector
A reactive ad hoc protocol
source RREQ
destination
RREP
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AD HOC ROUTING
links are frequently removed AODV is unable to make routes fast
PRAODV: link lifetime prediction
usin s eed and location information
constructs a new route before lifetime ends
PRAODVM: maximum predicted lifetime
path the shortest path is not selected
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POSITION-BASED ROUTING
.
Global Positioning system (GPS)
o GPSR: based on reed routin
Forwards the message to the closest neighbor
to destination Encounters local minimum
GF fails
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POSITION-BASED ROUTING (GPSR)
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progress in local minimum Picks the next anticlockwise edge
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POSITION-BASED ROUTING (GPSR)
Perimeter mode works in lanar ra hs
z
uD
Right-hand rule
-
u-z-w-u-x
x
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POSITION-BASED ROUTING (GPSR)
elimination of crossin ed es to make lanar
graphsz
uD
Remove (w,z) from the
graph
w
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POSITION-BASED ROUTING (GSR)
Due to obstacles and mobility in cityenvironment, longer paths and higher delays
Performance degrades due to make planar
graph
GSR : aid of street map
traversed using shortest path algorithm
greedy routing between junctions
better average delivery in city scenarios29
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POSITION-BASED ROUTING (GPCR)
street map andsource routing
Nodes know if they
are located in the
This info. are sent
within a beacon
message Higher delivery ratio
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CLUSTER-BASED ROUTING
Cluster head is responsible for routing andcluster management
An important issue: Stability of clusters
rerun clusters imposes overhead and delayo COIN uses vehicular dynamics and driver
intentions in cluster head election
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BROADCAST ROUTING
increase in network sizeVariet of a lications in VANET use
broadcasting
BROADCOMM: Highway is divided in virtual cells
Cell reflectors are located near the center
Cell reflectors are in charge of broadcasting
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GEOCAST ROUTING
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routingMost of eocast routin s are based on
directional flooding
Example : all the nodes in transmission range cache the
packet for a time interval
ey sen ey on ear n e me n erva More distance results in less waiting
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Introduction
IEEE 802.11p(WAVE).
802.11e in MAC layer
Conclusion
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CONCLUSION
We have introduced Vehicular Ad hoc Networks
and its main applications.
Vehicles can communicate with each other directly
or roug roa s e s a ons.
IEEE 802.11p (WAVE) is specified for VANETs.
.
Categories.
Generally routing protocols should be suited to
different environments like cities or highways. Type of applications also determine the level of
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-in comparison with topology-based ones.
Cluster-based rotocols are less sensitive to
network size and mobility.
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HANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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Introduction
IEEE 802.11p(WAVE).
802.11e in MAC layer
Conclusion
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REFERENCES
o an , e e u , an a er oayer , secure
MAC protocols for DSRC applications, National Institute ofStandards and Technology and Department of Electrical and
,
o [2] Menouar Hamid ,Lenardi Massimiliano,Reseaux VANETs
et norme 802.11p,Hitachi Europe ,Sophia Antipolis lab ,Jan
.
o [3] Frank Kargl, Vehicular Communication and VANETs, Ulm
University,2006.
o ar ca ma eo, au a ampo o, ntone a o naro,
Giuseppe Ruggeri, A WAVE-compliant MAC Protocol to
Support Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Non-Safety
, 39
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o [5] Cristina Cocho, Analysis and Development of TDMA
Based Communication Scheme for Car-to-Car and Car-to-
Infrastructure Communication Based on IEEE802.11p and
IEEE1609 WAVE Standards,March 2009.
o 6 Martin Mller WLAN 802.11 Measurements for Vehicle
to Vehicle (V2V) DSRC Application Note,2009.
o [7] Stefan Mangold, SunghyunChoi, Guido R.Hiertz, Ole
Klein Anal sis of IEEE 802.11e for QoSSu ort in Wireless
LANs,December 2003.
o [8] Jeffrey W. Robinson,Tejinder S. Randhawa, Saturation
Throu h ut Anal sis of IEEE 802.11e Enhanced DistributedCoordination Function, IEEE journal on selected areas in
communications, VOL. 22, NO. 5, June 2004.
technology - Telecommunications and information exchangebetween systems - LAN/MAN Specific Requirements,
Janunary 2005.40
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o [10] www-csag.ucsd.edu/teaching/cse291s03/.../AdHoc-
DDiffusion.ppt
o [11]www.radford.edu/~nsrl/creu0809/Presentations/GPSR.ppt
o [12]www.cs.uiuc.edu/class/fa07/cs598jh/.../GeographicRoutin
. t
o [13] Kevin C. Lee, J. Haerri, Enhanced Perimeter Routing for
Geographic Forwarding Protocols in Urban Vehicular
Scenarios AutoNet '07 Washin ton DC Nov. 2007
o [14] Kevin C. Lee,Uichin Lee, Survey of Routing Protocols in
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ,book chapter, UCLA,2009
o , ,
Survey, IEEE vehicular technology magazine ,June 2007
o [16] Boon-Chong Seet, Genping Liu, A-STAR: A Mobile Ad
Communications, IFIP NETWORKING'2004, pp. 989-999,Athens,. Greece, December 1-5, 2004
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o [17] Mimoza Durresi, Arjan Durresi. Emergency Broadcast
Protocol for Inter-Vehicle Communications, Proceedings of
the 2005 11th International Conference on Parallel and
Distributed Systems
o [18] Tarik Taleb, Mitsuru Ochi, An Efficient Vehicle-Heading
Based Routing Protocol for VANET Networks, IEEE WCNC,vol. 4, Apr. 2006
o [19] Jeremy Blum, Azim Eskandarian, Mobility Management
in IVC Networks, In Proceedings of IEEE Intelligent Vehicles.
Symposium, 2003o [20] M. Sun, W. Feng, T.-H. Lai, K. Yamada, H. Okada, and K.
Fujimura, GPS-based message broadcasting for inter-vehicle
communication, in ICPP 00: Proceedings of the 2000
International Conference on Parallel Processing, 2000.
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