usn in ww ii; session ii atl s. ops, i; intro

session ii

Atlantic Surface Operations, I

The U.S. Navy in World War II

session ii

Atlantic Surface Operations, I

The U.S. Navy in World War II

Course Outlinei. 1919-1939-Why England [and America] Slept

ii. Atlantic Surface Operations, I

iii. Atlantic Surface Operations, II

iv. The Struggle for the Mediterranean

v. The Battle of the Atlantic

vi. The Allied Offensive against North Africa

vii. Operations against Sicily and Italy

viii. The Defeat of Germany

major points from last week’s session the Paris Peace Treaties sowed the seeds of WW II. The League of Nations was doomed from the start

the disarmament conferences were unable to secure their goals

in the ‘30s U.S. naval rebuilding began under FDR’s leadership. The tempo increased as war loomed

World War II can be said to have begun on 18 September 1931

Italy demonstrated the weakness of the League of Nations and the collective security system in Ethiopia

Hitler “went the Japanese and Italy one better”

American pacifism and isolationism were understandable, though wrong

questions to answer in this session

why did the “phony war” happen on land? why wasn’t there a similar “phony war” at sea?

what was Britain’s most vital naval task?

how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British forces?

what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again?

what was the significance of the Altmark affair?

why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway?

how would you evaluate the operation? the British response?

review of last week’s session

the League of Nations

War Never Again!

The Big Four: David Lloyd George, Vittorio Orlando, Georges Clemenceau, Woodrow Wilson

William Orpen – The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors, Versailles 1919 (detail)!

Germany’s chief of delegation swallows the bitter pill, source of so much evil

SMS Bayern sinking

21 Jun 1919

the Washington Treaty for Naval Disarmament (1922)

Scene at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, Pennsylvania, December 1923, with guns from scrapped battleships in the foreground. One of these guns is marked "Kansas",

presumably an indication that it came from USS Kansas (BB-21).!Ship being dismantled in the background is USS South Carolina (BB-26).

Charles Evans Hughes!US Secretary of State, 1921-25!

Presider at the Washington Naval Conference

Kato Tomosaburo!Chief of the Japanese Delegation!

to the Washington Naval Conference

Sessions Remaining

•Atlantic Surface Operations, II

• The Struggle for the Mediterranean

• The Battle of the Atlantic

• The Allied Offensive against North Africa

• Operations against Sicily and Italy

• The Defeat of Germany

major points from last week’s session the Paris Peace Treaties sowed the seeds of WW II. The League of Nations was doomed from the start

the disarmament conferences were unable to secure their goals

in the ‘30s U.S. naval rebuilding began under FDR’s leadership. The tempo increased as war loomed

World War II can be said to have begun on 18 September 1931

Italy demonstrated the weakness of the League of Nations and the collective security system in Ethiopia

Hitler “went the Japanese and Italy one better”

American pacifism and isolationism were understandable though wrong

questions to answer in this session

why did the phony war happen on land?

why wasn’t there a similar phony war at sea?

what was Britain’s most vital naval task?

how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British forces?

what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again?

what is the significance of the Altmark affair?

why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway?

how would you evaluate the operation? the British response?

FDR, 1932

Naval Enthusiast

The ‘30s saw a new interest in Navy Air

The March of Fascist Aggression

Collective Security!Le Cordon Sanitaire

Collective Security!La Petite Entente

September 18, 1931!World War II begins

proudly reports his decision to the German Volk

Germany’s new Chancellor

1937!The Rome-Berlin!

Axis!adds a new!

partner

questions to answer in this session

why did the phony war happen on land?

why wasn’t there a similar phony war at sea?

what was Britain’s most vital naval task?

how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British forces?

what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again?

what is the significance of the Altmark affair?

why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway?

how would you evaluate the operation? the British response?

Volk outside the Reich

12 Mar 1938- Anschluss—Ein Volk, Ein Reich, Ein Führer

Sudetenlandthe mountainous border surrounding Bohemia and Moravia

“I have here, signed by Herr Hitler himself...”the sad, ill chosen words—

”peace with honor” and “peace for our time”

“Merchants of Death”

preview of today’s session

German troops disembark in Norway, 9.iv.1940

questions to answer in this session

why did the phony war happen on land?

why wasn’t there a similar phony war at sea?

what was Britain’s most vital naval task?

how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British forces?

what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again?

what is the significance of the Altmark affair?

why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway?

how would you evaluate the operation? the British response?

Future historian, January, 1962

Winston is back

Blitzkrieg

Sitzkrieg

questions to answer in this session

why did the phony war happen on land?

why wasn’t there a similar phony war at sea?

what was Britain’s most vital naval task?

how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British forces?

what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again?

what is the significance of the Altmark affair?

why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway?

how would you evaluate the operation? the British response?

HMS Exeter (CA)1928-1942

HMS Ajax (CL)1934-1949

HMNZS Achilles (CL)

1934-1949

U-boat Ace!Günther Prien

The Altmark Affair

Altmark in Jössing Fiord

HMS Cossack receives a hero’s welcome upon returning with the rescued seamen

“…one word- Iron”

December, 1939—Quisling meets the Führer

a chance meeting!leads to!a posthumous !Victoria Cross

Clockwise from top: German forces

advancing, King Haakon VII of Norway and his

son Crown Prince Olav, German bombing of the

coastal fortress Oscarsborg, German

troops near Narvik, and Norwegian artillery in action near Narvik.!

Wikipedia!!

Second Naval Battle of Narvik

13 April 40

Rupertforce (British counter-attack at Narvik)

Two who demanded more intrepidity

June, 1940-Greenock, Scotland, Happy Tommies from the “little Dunkirk” at Narvik

questions to answer in this session

why did the phony war happen on land?

why wasn’t there a similar phony war at sea?

what was Britain’s most vital naval task?

how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British forces?

what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again?

what is the significance of the Altmark affair?

why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway?

how would you evaluate the operation? the British response?

And now…