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USING TECHNOLOGY TO ACHIEVE COFFEE
SUSTAINABILITY AND RURAL RESILIENCE
Presentation to AFCA Expo, Zanzibar
31 October 2019
Commercial in Confidence
EAST AFRICA’S WORLD MARKET SHARE IN COFFEE IS DECLINING
Decline of African coffee production
Kenya Coffee Yield & Production
Evidenced by Kenya’s decline in
production from 128,000 bags
per harvest in 1986 to 45,000
bags in 2018.
Africa’s share of World coffee production has
been in long term decline. Given the majority of
coffee is grown by smallholder farmers the key to
reversing this is in transforming their productive
capacity, resilience and crop yields.
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FIVE MAJOR THREATS TO EAST AFRICAN COFFEE PRODUCTION
1. Competition from the World’s coffee powerhouses in South America and Asia
– key fact: yield in Africa is well below the global average
2. Climate change
– key fact: erratic rainfall and drought lead to declining yields
3. Pests and disease
– key fact: threat of diseases and pests have risen in line with climate change
4. Attractiveness of smallholder farming
– key fact: average age of farmers in Kenya is 51+
5. Rural resilience
– key trends: youth migration to cities, perceptions of traditional farming, little use of technology
Tackling these five threats with practical solutions, in a holistic fashion, can and will have
a major impact on Africa’s prospects as a coffee powerhouse in its own right.
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EAST AFRICA MUST FIND A WAY TO COMPETE ON YIELD AS WELL AS QUALITY
African Arabicas are recognized for their quality and can do well in specialty and premium
sectors. But South America and Asia currently achieve much higher yields than East Africa:
The ICO attributed this variation to poor farming practices. It stated: “Less than 10% of
smallholders in Africa use crop protection or fertilisers, and most tend not to utilise basic
agronomic techniques”.
Vietnam 42 bags
per hectare
Brazil23 bags
per hectare
Global Average 17 bags
per hectare
Ethiopia 8 bags
per hectare
Source: ICO 2016
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THEORY OF CHANGE – NEGATIVE EFFECTS
Climate
change
Unpred-
ictable
weather
patterns
Increased
risk of
pest &
disease
Crop
manage-
ment
complexity
Ineffective
use of
inputs
Declining
tree health
and yields
Unsustain-
able
farmer
incomes
Declining
rural
resilience
Sustainability
under threat
Climate change drives
a cycle of negative
effects that ultimately
leads to declining rural
resilience to the impact
of that climate change
on smallholder coffee
farming. We must find
innovative solutions
that arrest the decline
and put it into reverse.
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FINDING HOLISTIC SOLUTIONS – THEORY OF POSITIVE CHANGE
Any solution must have the following key objectives:
1. Address the challenges of climate change for
smallholder farmers through more precise and timely
crop management and decision making
• Increase coffee yields
• Improve coffee quality
• Sustainable farmer incomes
2. Make smallholder coffee farming attractive and
rewarding for the next generation
3. Take a broad approach that factors in the
community’s needs and builds collective resilience
Commercial in Confidence 6
THE ACCORD PROGRAMME
ACCORD, or Advanced Coffee Crop Optimisation for Rural Development, is led by UK
Earth Observation and insights company Earth-i, working with partners WeatherSafe,
CMS, Kinini and San Francisco Bay Coffee in Kenya and Rwanda, and in association with
the UK Space Agency and IPP programme, to deliver the timely, trusted insights needed
to improve coffee yields and quality, and ultimately the incomes of smallholder farmer.
• 36,000 fields mapped to date in Kenya & Rwanda,
over 30,000 in Kenya
• Weather forecasting & alerts underway to farmers
• Programme funded to Feb 2021
• Goal to make the service commercially sustainable
beyond that date
• Opportunity to extend this to other crops
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WORKING CLOSELY WITH OUR AFRICAN COFFEE PARTNERS
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THE TECHNOLOGY
MAPPING & MONITORING FIELDS USING SATELLITES
• Maps individual fields using GPS coordinates, and a mix of medium and very high resolution EO data from the Planet,
DMC3 and KOMPSAT satellite constellations to overlay satellite imagery
• Apply NDVI analysis to monitor the health of crops in individual fields
• Variation in field sizes and their irregularity, means EO imagery is particularly suited to the task of mapping and monitoring
these fields
THE WEATHERSAFE PLATFORM
• Provides a portal for agronomists and
farmers to access field and crop health
data.
• Integrates climate data from local
ground stations
• Provides highly accurate and localised
weather forecasts and agonomical
advice
• Sent to farmers via simple to
understand SMS texts on a daily basis.
Commercial in Confidence 9
HOW IT WORKS
Sophisticated satellite mapping and monitoring
technology and climate data…
…delivering decision-support to smallholder
farmers via simple-to-understand SMS text
messaging to mobile phones
Commercial in Confidence 10
OUR VISION IS A RISK MANAGEMENT SOLUTION FOR RURAL RESILIENCE
“Through its
innovative integrated
climate risk
management
approach, R4
enables the poorest
farmers to access
crop insurance by
participating in risk
reduction
activities.”
R4 Rural Resilience Programme
World Food Programme
Commercial in Confidence 11
AN INTEGRATED RISK MANAGEMENT SOLUTION FOR SMALLHOLDER FARMERS?
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TOMORROW’S FARMER… TODAY!
• Technology-enabled
• Data-driven
• Precision decision-making
• Optimised inputs
• High yields
• Income stable
• Resilient
• Future proof!
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THANK YOU
Telephone (UK): +44 (0)333 433 0015
Email: info@earthi.co.uk
Web: www.earthi.space
Earth-i Ltd
10 Nugent Road, Surrey Research Park,
Guildford, GU2 7AF, United Kingdom.
Commercial in Confidence 14
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