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USC American College Health Association -
National College Health Assessment Report:
University Park Campus
2012
Office for Wellness and Health Promotion University Park Health Center
Division of Student Affairs University of Southern California
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Table of Contents
Executive Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5
Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7
Methods ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7
Questionnaire …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7
Procedure …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7
Response Rate ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7
Representativeness ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8
Analytic strategy/data preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………… 8
Healthy Campus 2020 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8
Demographics ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9
Health, Wellness, and Academic Success …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11
Frequency of Students whose Academic Performance was Impeded ……………………………………… 11
Frequency vs. Threat to Academic Success (Undergraduate Students) …………………………………... 13
Frequency vs. Threat to Academic Success (Graduate Students) …………………………………………….. 14
Emotional Wellbeing ..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15
Traumatic or Difficult to Handle ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 15
Level of Stress ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16
Daytime Sleepiness ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16
Tired ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 17
Frequency of Sleep Difficulties ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17
Safety and Violence …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 18
Safety perception …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18
Walking at USC …………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………. 19
Biking at USC ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 19
Physical Fights ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 19
Physical Assaults …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 19
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Verbal Threat …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 19
Stalking …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 19
Abusive relationships ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 19
Unwanted Sexual Advances or Assault ……………………………………………………………………………………. 19
General Health, Healthcare, and Medical Status …………………………………………………………………………………. 20
General Health ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 20
Oral Health ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20
Use of Healthcare System ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 20
Disabilities Status ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 21
Disease Status ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 21
Depression History …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 22
Sexual Behavior and Contraception …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 23
Unintended Pregnancy ………………………………………………………………………………………………………...... 23
Emergency Contraception ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 23
Number of Sexual Partners …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 23
Contraceptive/Birth Control Methods ……………………………………………………………………………………. 24
Condom Use …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25
Blood Alcohol Level ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25
Alcohol Consumption: Negative Consequences ………………………………………………………………………. 25
Alcohol Consumption: Protective Behaviors …..………………………………………………………………………. 25
Alcohol Consumption: Actual vs. Perceived ………………………………………………………………………….... 26
Alcohol Consumption: Binge Rate …………………………………………………………………………………………… 27
Substance Use v. Perception of Use ……………………………………….………………………………………………. 27
Exercise, Nutrition, and Weight …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30
Exercise Habits ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 30
Fruit and Vegetable Intake ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30
Weight …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 31
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Body Mass Index …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 32
Limitations ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 33
Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 33
References ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 34
Acknowledgements …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 34
Appendix A ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 35
Appendix B ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 36
Appendix C ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 39
Appendix D …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 40
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Executive Summary The American College Health Association National College Health Assessment II (ACHA-NCHA II) was conducted by the Office for Wellness and Health Promotion on the University Park Campus in the spring of 2012. The resulting data provides a picture of the attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors of USC-University Park Campus undergraduate and graduate students on health and academic success, safety, use of healthcare services, sexual behaviors, substance use, nutrition, and exercise. The following report includes a number of key findings: Health, Wellness, and Academic Success
Frequency of Students whose Academic Performance was Impeded – Undergraduate students reported that
the factors which most negatively impacted their academic functioning and also most frequently happened (high frequency & high threat) were stress, anxiety, sleep difficulties, internet use/computer games, participation in extracurricular activities and cold/flu/sore throat. None of these factors were high threat or high frequency for graduate students.
Traumatic or Difficult to Handle Situation – Undergraduate students reported that academics, intimate
relationships, and finances had been traumatic or very difficult for them to handle within the last 12 months. Graduate students reported academics, career, and finances as traumatic or difficult to handle.
Stress – Within the last 12 months, 55.5% of undergraduates and 57.1% of graduates experienced “more than
average” or “tremendous stress.” Sleep – 20.9% of undergraduate and 33.3% of graduate students felt tired during the day 5 to 7 days out of the
past week. Over the past seven days 24.3% of students surveyed stated that they felt that sleepiness was “more than a little problem”, 12.6% of students stated that they felt sleepiness was “a big problem”, and 5.1% of students stated that they felt sleepiness was “a very big problem”.
Safety and Violence
Safety Perception – The USC campus is considered “somewhat safe” or “very safe” during the daytime by
97.7% of students, while during the nighttime 75.8% of students consider it to be “somewhat safe” or “very safe.”
Walking on Campus - Within the last 12 months, while walking at USC, 51.3% of all students have witnessed a
collision that did not involve them. Biking on Campus - Within the last 12 months, while biking at USC, 18.6% of undergraduates have collided with
a bicycle. Healthcare, Medical, and Emotional Status
General Health – 91% of undergraduate and 94.6% of graduate students described their general health as
being excellent, very good, or good. Disease or Injury – The most frequently cited disease or injury experienced by both undergraduate and
graduate students within the last 12 months were allergy problems (18.2%), sinus infection (13.9%), and back problems (11.6%). Also, 11.9% of undergraduate and 17.2% of graduate students surveyed reported that they had ever been diagnosed with depression.
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Healthcare System Usage – 19.8% of undergraduate and 28.4% of graduate students have been seen by a
healthcare professional at the campus student health center. 6.1% of undergraduate and 4.4% of graduate students have been seen by a mental healthcare professional at the campus Counseling Services.
Sexual Behavior and Contraception
Sexual Behaviors – 70% of undergraduate and 81.6% of graduate students have had either zero or one sexual
partner within the last school year. In addition, of those who had vaginal intercourse in the last 30 days, 39.9% of undergraduate and 28.2% of graduate students always used a condom.
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs
Cigarette Smoking – 11.7% of undergraduates and 6.6% of graduates reported that they smoked cigarettes one
or more days in the last month, with an additional 2.7% of undergraduates and 2.9% of graduates who reported that they smoke on a daily basis. However, most students have never smoked cigarettes (70.9% of undergraduate and 69.0% of graduate students).
Alcohol Consumption – 77% of undergraduate and 84.3% of graduate students had 0 to 4 drinks the last time
they partied. The “binge rate” (5 or more drinks the last time a person consumed alcohol) is significantly higher for undergraduate students (23%) than for graduate students (15.6%) (p<.001). Students under age 21 have a significantly higher calculated Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) than students at the age of 21 or above (p<.001).
Consequences of Drinking Alcohol – As a consequence of drinking, 43.4% of undergraduate and 21% of
graduate students who drank within the last 12 months also reported that they did something they later regretted. Of the respondents who, in the last 30 days had 5 or more drinks, 0.9% of undergraduate and 1.7% of graduate students drove a car afterward.
Exercise, Nutrition, and Weight
Exercise Habits – 18.8% of undergraduates and 12.1% of graduates participated in moderate-intensity exercise
at least five days per week. 29.6% of undergraduate and 27.2% of graduates participated in vigorous-intensity exercise at least three days per week.
Fruit and Vegetable Intake – 5.8% of undergraduate students and 9.3% of graduate students ate the
recommended allowance of 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Calculated Body Mass Index – 68.8% of students are at a healthy weight (BMI = 18.5-24.9).
Throughout the report, there are footnotes under each table or bar chart that refer to the corresponding question in the survey instrument. If you have any additional questions regarding the data provided in this report, please contact Katherine Verrochi, Health Educator, at the Office for Wellness and Health Promotion at 213-740-4777 or <verrochi@usc.edu>.
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Introduction Health promotion is defined by the World Health Organization as the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health. Health promotion is a comprehensive and multi-strategic approach to health; it encompasses skills building and individual capacities, but also recognizes the impact of social, environmental, and economic conditions on public and individual health. The Ottawa Charter outlines five action areas in health promotion; build healthy public policy; create supportive environments for health; strengthen community action for health; develop personal skills; and re-orient health services. On college campuses, this systematic approach to health becomes the work of medical services, health promotion and wellness, residential life, hospitality, public safety, intramural and recreation sports, and fitness professionals, as well as local healthcare systems. In order to provide high quality services in these diverse areas, it is essential that there is data describing the health behaviors and status of the students as a population. This data helps to inform policy makers, administrators, faculty, staff, and students about current health beliefs and helps with strategic planning and resource allocation. The National College Health Assessment II (NCHA II) is a national research initiative coordinated by the American College Health Association (ACHA), to assist institutions of higher education in collecting data about the health and wellness of their students. The ACHA-NCHA II allows each campus to generate prevalence rates for alcohol use, sexual behavior, safety, exercise, and prevalence of disease. The goal of this assessment is to provide data on the prevalence, status, and misperceptions about student behavior. This data can guide the campus leadership by providing a firm basis for planning and evaluating services that can positively impact students’ safety, well-being and academic success. This report provides data on the population of students at the University Park Campus and highlights differences in the undergraduate and graduate student populations whose numbers are uniquely equally proportionate. There is an aggregate national report which is compiled by ACHA. While the sample is large, is it not a true national sample, as it is not representative of the vast diversity of either the institutions or the individuals enrolled therein. The report can be viewed at www.acha-ncha.org. This report summarizes key points from the survey administered to students at the University Park Campus. Due to the length of the survey, not all data points have been included. Analyses of additional questions are available for interested readers through the Office for Wellness and Health Promotion in the University Park Health Center at 213-740-4777 or by visiting www.usc.edu/owhp. For a sample of the instrument used, please follow this link: http://www.achancha.org/docs/ACHA-NCHA_II_2008.pdf.
Methods
Questionnaire design. In 2008, ACHA introduced a new version of ACHA-NCHA questionnaire (ACHA-NCHA II). The ACHA-NCHA II questionnaire consists of sixty-five questions divided into eight sections: health; health education and safety; alcohol, tobacco, and drugs; sex behavior and contraception; weight, nutrition, and exercise; mental health; physical health; impediments to academic performance; and demographic characteristics. Procedure. The survey was conducted at the University of Southern California in the spring of 2012. The NCHA was emailed to 5668 randomly selected undergraduate and graduate students on the University Park Campus. All 5668 students were emailed a letter alerting them to the forthcoming survey, as well as two subsequent emails after receiving the survey in an effort to increase the return rate. Every 25
th participant was given a $10 Amazon gift
card. In addition, a lottery drawing for two $500 Visa gift cards were also offered as an incentive. Response rate. In 2012, 1235 completed surveys were returned for a response rate of 22%. Of those who responded, 54.7% indicated undergraduate status and 45.2% reported graduate status.
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Representativeness. It appears the data collected does not accurately represent the USC University Park Campus student population, based upon the representativeness analysis performed on the 2012 data. Though the sample was robust, biases exist in the data. The largest bias occurred with regards to gender; there was an overrepresentation of females, 61.56% who returned the survey as opposed to the 51.1% representation of USC. Other discrepancies occurred, such as an overrepresentation of graduate students by 1.63%, and overrepresentation of Asian students by 1.41%. Please refer to Appendix A for the representativeness table). Analytic strategy/data preparation. This report focuses on the surveys that were conducted in 2012. Appropriate chi-squared tests or t-tests of statistical significance have been performed to determine the magnitude and direction of differences between undergraduate and graduate students. T-tests were performed on nominal data (responses to some scaled questions) and chi-squared tests were performed on categorical data (i.e. responses of yes/no, did/did not, etc). Throughout the report, p-values are reported in the charts or at the bottom of graphs. Healthy Campus 2020: In June 2012, Healthy Campus 2020 was published to identify nationwide health improvement priorities for individuals enrolled in tertiary education, and to provide measurable objectives and goals that are applicable. The 2012 USC baseline data is reported, when possible, to the corresponding student objectives. As we are in the early adoption phase, no goals or priorities have been set.
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Demographics
Descriptor Category Undergraduate (n = 663)
Graduate (n = 548)
Age Under 21 418 1
21-29 235 407
30 and higher 9 138
Gender Female 415 329
Male 244 213
Transgender 0 1
Year in School 1st year undergraduate 188 0
2nd year undergraduate 148 0
3rd year undergraduate 171 0
4th year undergraduate 139 0
5th year or more 17 0
Graduate 0 548
Full-time student status 654 507
Transferred to USC within last 12 months
156 110
Ethnicity White- not Hispanic (includes Middle Eastern) 329 255
Black - not Hispanic 34 24
Hispanic or Latino 84 70
Asian or Pacific Islander 250 195
American Indian, Alaskan Native, or Native Hawaiian
6 6
Multicultural or Biracial 43 29
Other 21 31
International student status 67 179
Membership in fraternity or sorority 134 40
Relationship status Not in a relationship 411 214
In a relationship but not living together 215 159
In a relationship and living together 32 171
Marital Status Single 644 390
Married/Partnered 12 139
Separated 0 3
Divorced 0 10
Other 4 3
Sexual Orientation Heterosexual 599 494
Gay/Lesbian 24 23
Bisexual 21 16
Unsure 14 10
Living Situation Campus Residence Hall 185 8
Fraternity or Sorority House 36 0
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Other Campus Housing 137 24
Parent/guardian's home 36 47
Off-campus housing 253 413
Other 14 53
Source of health insurance USC Sponsored Plan 215 338
Parent's Plan 416 94
Another Plan 23 101
I don't have health insurance 1 14
Paid hours worked per week None 331 233
1 to 19 326 310
20 or more 0 0
Volunteered 1 or more hours per week
284 191
Organized college athletics participation
Varsity 36 4
Club Sports 97 33
Intramurals 533 119
The discrepancy between the total number of participants reported and the total number of participants reported
in this table exists because those participants who did not complete all questions on the Demographics section of
the survey were excluded from this demographic analysis.
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Frequency List – Health-related Behavior or Concern of Students whose Academic Performance was Impeded Refer to Question 45 of the survey
“Within the last 12 months, have any of the following affected your academic performance?” (i.e., significant disruption in thesis, dissertation, research or practicum work; received an incomplete course, dropped a course; received a lower grade in a course, on an exam, or on an important project)
Undergraduate % Graduate % P-Value
Alcohol 6.3 1.2 .000
Allergies 3.3 1.7 .027
Anxiety 23.2 12.4 .000
Assault Physical 0.4 0.2 NS
Assault Sexual 1.1 0.2 NS
ADHD 4.7 3.4 NS
Cold/Flu/Sore throat 20.1 8.5 .000
Concern for troubled family member or friend
12.9 8 .001
Chronic Health Problem 2.9 1.8 .013
Chronic Pain 3 2.3 NS
Death of Family Member or Friend
5.7 3.5 .004
Depression 12.3 8.9 .000
Discrimination 1.9 1.6 NS
Drug Use 2.8 0.8 .000
Eating disorder/problem 1.2 0.6 NS
Finances 6.4 5.6 NS
Gambling .6 0 NS
Homesickness 5.1 2.7 .001
Injury 3.1 1.3 NS
Internet use/Computer games
23.1 8 .000
Learning disability 2.3 2.2 NS
Participation in extracurricular activities
20.7 2.9 .000
Pregnancy 0.7 0.7 .006
Relationship difficulties 12.8 6.6 .000
Roommate difficulties 8.8 2.6 .000
STD/I .4 0 NS
Sinus infection/ear infection/strep
6.9 2.6 .005
Sleep difficulties 22.7 10.1 .000
Stress 35.8 18.3 .000
Work 14.8 10.2 .000
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In previous years, only a frequency list, as seen above, was reported. What follows are cluster analyses, created by making a two dimensional graph representing a set of bi-variate data (scatter plot) of those who report experiencing a particular condition (frequency) crossed with those who reported the condition who experienced an academic impact (threat). This scatter plot displays health related issues that are of low threat/low frequency, low threat-high frequency, high threat/low frequency, and high threat/high frequency.
Legend for pages 10 and 11: “Scatter Plots - Threat to Academic Success Based on the Frequency of Health-Related Behavior or Concerns”
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Undergraduate
14
Graduate
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Emotional Wellbeing – Refer to Question 30 of the survey.
“Have you ever…?” Yes, in the last 12
months No, not in the last 12 months
No, never P-Value
UG G UG G UG G
Felt things were hopeless
48.2 40.3 17.5 24.2 34.3 35.5 .011
Felt overwhelmed by all you had to do
89.8 81 3.3 5.7 7.0 13.4 .000
Felt exhausted (not from physical activity)
85.4 77.4 5.5 7.7 9.1 14.9 .000
Felt very lonely 63.7 53.5 15.2 22.8 21.1 23.7 .000
Felt very sad 65.1 58.5 14.9 17.8 20 23.8 NS
Felt so depressed that it was difficult to function
35 31 18.9 26.6 46.1 42.5 .03
Felt overwhelming anxiety
51.6 48.1 13.4 17.2 35 34.7 NS
Felt overwhelming anger 36.5 33.5 21 23 42.5 43.6 NS
Intentionally injured yourself
5.4 2.8 11.2 10.8 83.5 86.4 NS
Seriously considered suicide
5.9 3.5 12.1 10.5 82 86.1 NS
Attempted suicide 1.1 1.1 6.1 5.3 92.8 93.6 NS
Traumatic or Difficult to Handle – Refer to Question 33 of the survey.
“Within the last 12 months, have any of the following been traumatic or very difficult for you to handle?”
Undergraduate % Graduate % P-Value
Academics 47 43.7 NS
Career related issue 24.6 34.9 .000
Death of family member or friend 12.6 10.3 NS
Family problems 27.3 23 NS
Intimate relationship 33.7 24.3 .000
Other relationships 30.1 17.4 .000
Finances 31.1 29.7 NS
Health problem of family member/partner
17.3 14.7 NS
Personal appearance 24.7 12.1 .000
Personal health issue 16.7 15.2 NS
Sleep difficulties 23.6 23.4 NS
Other 9.1 8 NS
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Level of Stress – Refer to question 37 of the survey.
“Within the last 12 months, how would you rate the overall level of stress you have experienced?”
Daytime Sleepiness – Refer to Question 43 of the survey.
“People sometimes feel sleepy during the daytime. In the past 7 days, how much of a problem have you had with sleepiness (feel sleepy, struggling to stay awake) during your daytime activities?”
1.2
7
36.3
44.3
11.2
2.4
8.4
32.2
44.1
13
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
No stress Less than average stress
Average stress More than average stress
Tremendous stress
Undergraduate
Graduate
6.5
46
25.7
15.6
6.2
16.8
47.8
22.5
9
3.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Not at all A little More than a little
Big Very big
Undergraduate
Graduate
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Frequency of Sleep Difficulties – Refer to Question 44 of the survey.
“In the past 7 days, how often have you…”
a) Awakened too early in the morning and couldn’t get back to sleep? b) Felt tired, dragged out, or sleepy during the day? c) Gone to bed because you just could not stay awake any longer? d) Had an extremely hard time falling asleep?
Tired – 26.5% of students felt tired during the day 5 to 7 days out of the past week. Refer to Question 42 of the survey.
76.4
18.1
5
21.8
50.9
27.2
52.9
34.3
12.8
71
21
7.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0-1 days 2-4 days 5-7 days
Awakened too early
Felt tired during the day
Gone to bed because cannot stay awake
Had an extrememly hard time falling asleep
In the graph above, undergraduate and graduate results are combined.
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Safety Perception – Refer to Question 7 of the survey.
“How safe do you feel (at the following place and time combinations)?” UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS:
GRADUATE STUDENTS:
0.5 2.7 1.7
28.2
0.6
14.6 17.5
49.4
11.9
54.8 57.1
19.5
87
27.9 23.7
2.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
On campus (daytime)
On campus (nighttime)
Community around USC (Daytime)
Community around USC (nighttime)
Not safe at all
Somewhat unsafe
Somewhat safe
Very safe
0.7 4.5 4.1
37.2
2.8
27.9 24.6
38.7
23.8
44.8 49.8
17.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
On campus (daytime)
On campus (nighttime)
Community around USC (daytime)
Community around USC (nighttime)
Not safe at all
Somewhat Unsafe
Somewhat safe
Very safe
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Abusive relationships and Unwanted Sexual Advances or Sexual Assault – Refer to Question 5 and Question 6 of the survey, respectively.
“Within the last 12 months, have you been in a relationship that was…?”
Undergraduate % Graduate % P-Value
Emotionally abusive 7.7 7.6 NS
Physically abusive 1.5 1.6 NS
Sexually abusive 1.2 0.6 NS
“Within the last 12 months, have you experienced…?”
Undergraduate % Graduate % P-Value
Sexual touching without your consent 9.7 4.0 .002
Attempted sexual penetration without your consent 3.5 1.1 .034
Sexual penetration without your consent 1.2 0.9 NS
Stalking – 4.4% of undergraduate and 3.7% of graduate students reported that they had been a “victim of stalking” within the last 12 months. (Q5G)
Verbal Threat – 18.5% of undergraduate and 11.9% of graduate students reported that they were verbally threatened within the last 12 months (p=.01). (Q5C)
Physical Assaults – 3.7% of undergraduate and 2.5% of graduate students reported that they were physically assaulted (does not include sexual assault) within the last 12 months. (Q5B)
Physical Fights – 5.8% of undergraduate and 1.1% of graduate students reported being involved in a physical fight within the last 12 months (p=.001). (Q5A)
Walking at USC – Within the last 12 months, while walking at USC, 18.9% of all students have
collided with a bicycle. Within the last 12 months, while walking at USC, 25.5% of undergraduate
students have collided with a bicycle. Within the last 12 months, while walking at USC, 51.3% of all
students have witnessed a collision that did not involve them. (Q69)
Biking at USC – Within the last 12 months, while biking at USC, 18.6% of undergraduates have
collided with a bicycle. (Q73)
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General Health – Refer to Question 1 of the survey.
“How would you describe your general health?”
Use of HealthCare System – Refer to Question 79 and Question 80 of the survey, respectively.
“Within the last 12 months, have you been seen by a medical healthcare professional (e.g.
Physician, Nurse Practitioner, Physician Assistant, Nurse)?”
Location Undergraduate % Graduate % P-Value
Have you been seen by a medical healthcare professional…
At campus Student Health Center 19.8 28.4 .000 At other healthcare facilities 23.9 28.2
Both 33.3 19.4
Neither 22.9 24.0
16.4
48.8
25.8
8.3
0.7
20.4
45.6
28.6
5.1
0.3 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor
Undergraduate
Graduate
Oral Health – 69.5% of students (76.8% of undergraduates and 60.7% of graduates) have had a
dental exam and cleaning in the last 12 months. (Q39)
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“Within the last 12 months, have you been seen by a mental healthcare professional (e.g. Counselor, Psychologist, Social Worker, Psychiatrist)?”
Location Undergraduate % Graduate % P-Value
Have been seen by a mental healthcare professional…
At campus Counseling Services 6.1 4.4 NS At other counseling facilities 7.0 10
Both 3.5 2.6
Neither 83.5 83.0
Disabilities Status – Refer to Question 65 of the survey.
“Do you have any of the following disabilities or medical conditions?”
Undergraduate % Graduate % P-Value
Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 6.5 4.2 NS
Chronic illness 2.3 4.8 .017
Deaf/Hard of Hearing 2.1 1.5 NS
Learning disability 2.4 2.8 NS
Mobility/Dexterity disability 0.8 1.7 NS
Partially sighted/Blind 2.7 1.7 NS
Psychiatric condition 4.1 5.0 NS
Speech or language disorder 1.1 1.1 NS
Other disability 1.2 0.7 NS
Disease Status – Refer to Question 41 and Question 31 of the survey, respectively.
“Within the last 12 months, have you been diagnosed or treated by a professional for…?”
Undergraduate % Graduate % P-Value
Allergies 19.4 16.7 NS
Asthma 6.4 8.1 NS
Back pain 11.9 11.2 NS
Broken bone/Fracture/Sprain 6.2 4.8 NS
Bronchitis 5.5 5.3 NS
Chlamydia 0.8 0.9 NS
Diabetes 0.8 1.3 NS
Ear infection 6.7 5.3 NS
Endometriosis 0.5 1.5 NS
Genital herpes 0.5 1.3 NS
Genital warts/Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 0.8 2.2 .034
Gonorrhea 0.6 0.7 NS
Hepatitis B or C 0.8 0.6 NS
High blood pressure 1.5 2.6 NS
High cholesterol 3.0 4.6 NS
22
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 0 0.4 NS
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) 1.5 2.8 NS
Migraine headache 2.7 6.1 .004
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) 0 0.4 NS
Repetitive Stress Injury 0.9 2.2 NS
Sinus Infection 15.9 11.6 .031
Strep throat 10.3 4.8 .000
Tuberculosis 0.2 0.7 NS
Urinary tract infection 7.5 8.2 NS
“Within the last 12 months, have you been diagnosed or treated by a professional for…”
Yes, and treated with medication, psychotherapy, or both %
Yes, diagnosed but not treated %
P-Value
UG G UG G
Anorexia 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 NS
Anxiety 3.5 5.7 2.2 1.7 NS
Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
3.2 5.7 2.2 1.7 NS
Bipolar Disorder 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.4 NS
Bulimia 0 0.2 0.5 0.4 NS
Depression 3.4 6.1 1.5 0.7 NS
Insomnia 1.4 2.2 0.6 0.4 NS
Other sleep disorder 0.2 0.7 0.3 1.1 NS
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) 0.8 0.2 1.2 0.7 NS
Panic Attacks 1.4 2.0 0.8 1.1 NS
Phobia 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 NS
Schizophrenia 0.3 0 0 0 NS
Substance abuse or addiction 0.2 0 0.5 0.2 NS
Other addiction (e.g. internet, sexual) 0.2 0 0.2 0 NS
Other mental health condition 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.2 NS
Depression History – 14.3% of students surveyed (11.9% of undergraduate and 17.2% graduate students) responded yes to “Have you ever been diagnosed with depression?” Refer to Question 32 of the survey.
23
Number of Sexual Partners – Refer to Question 19 of the survey.
“Within the last 12 months, with how many partners have you had oral sex, vaginal intercourse, or anal intercourse?”
37
33
10.7
6.7
12.6
29.4
52.2
6.5 5.2 6.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 1 2 3 4 or more
Undergraduate
Graduate
Emergency Contraception – Among respondents who indicated that they were sexually active, 13.0% of undergraduate and 7.9% of graduate students have used or had a partner who used emergency contraception (“morning after pill”) within the last 12 months. (Q24)
Unintended pregnancy – Among respondents who have had vaginal intercourse, 0.6% of undergraduate and 0.9% of graduate students have unintentionally become pregnant or gotten someone else pregnant within the last 12 months. (Q25)
24
Contraceptive/Birth Control Methods – Refer to Question 23B of the survey.
“Please indicate whether or not you or your partner used each of the following methods of
birth control to prevent pregnancy the last time you had vaginal intercourse?”
Undergraduate % Graduate % P- Value
Birth control pills 57.6 51.6 NS
Birth control shots 2.2 0.9 NS
Birth control implants 1.3 0.3 NS
Birth control patch 0.9 0.6 NS
Condom (male) 66.4 58.0 .03
Condom (female) 0.6 1.3 NS
Contraceptive sponge 0.9 1.0 NS
Diaphragm or cervical cap 0.9 0.6 NS
Fertility awareness 4.7 6.6 NS
Intrauterine device 3.1 3.8 NS
Spermicide 3.4 2.6 NS
Sterilization 0.9 4.4 .006
Vaginal ring 6.3 8.3 NS
Withdrawal 23.5 14.2 .003
Other method 2.2 1.9 NS
Percentages represent students who used a method of birth control to prevent pregnancy the last time they had vaginal intercourse. Columns sum to more that 100% because multiple responses were possible.
Condom Use – Refer to Questions 21 and 22 of the survey.
“Within the last 30 days, how often did you or your partner(s) use a condom or other
protective barrier (e.g. male condom, female condom, dam, glove) during…?”
Undergraduate % Graduate %
Engaged in this activity
Always used a condom
Engaged in this activity
Always used a condom
Oral sex 40.7 0.7 42.3 3.8
Vaginal Intercourse 37.6 28.5 50.6 20.8
Anal Intercourse 5.1 22.0 4.9 29.2
25
Blood Alcohol Level – Refer to Question 10 and Question 50 of the survey.
P Value
Under 21 21 and older
Mean .0621 .0337
Median .0273 .0116
0.08 or higher 30.7% 26.3% .000
1.00 or higher 13.5% 10.0% .000
The formula for estimating BAC is applied to the reported number of drinks and the number of hours for the last time students “partied”/socialized, weight, and estimates for total body water weight (58% for males and 49% for females) and the average rate of alcohol metabolism (a decline of .017 per hour). The formula does not control for food consumption and assumes that alcohol was consumed at a constant rate over the drinking episode.
Alcohol Consumption: Negative Outcomes - Refer to Question 16 of the Survey.
“Within the last 12 months, have you experienced any of the following as a consequence of your drinking?”
Yes Responses, excludes “non-drinkers”
Undergraduate % Graduate % P-Value
Did something you later regretted 33.6 16.2 .000
Forgot where you were or what you did 29.8 14.2 .000
Got into trouble with the police 1.8 0 .006
Had sex with someone without giving your consent 1.7 0.2 .035
Had sex with someone without getting their consent 0.3 0.4 NS
Had unprotected sex 13.1 9.6 NS
Physically injured yourself 17.1 4.8 .000
Physically injured another person 2.7 0.4 .006
Seriously considered suicide 1.7 0.6 NS
Alcohol Consumption: Protective Behaviors - Refer to Question 15 of the survey.
“During the last 12 months, when you ‘partied’/socialized, [did you always]…?”
Undergraduate % Graduate % P-Value
Alternate non-alcoholic with alcoholic beverages 9.3 13.2 NS
Avoid drinking games 14.3 42.5 .000
Choose not to drink alcohol 5 4.7 NS
Determine, in advance, not to exceed a set number of 14.9 24.0 .000
26
drinks
Eat before and/or during drinks 34.0 38.9 NS
Have a friend let you know when you have had enough
14.1 19.1 .046
Keep track of how many drinks you are having 34.8 50.4 .000
Pace your drinks to 1 or fewer per hour 9.6 24.5 .000
Stay with the same group of friends the entire time you were drinking
32.6 54.8 .000
Stick with only one kind of alcohol when drinking 9.4 19.3 .000
Use a designated driver 68.6 52.2 .000
Since multiple responses were possible, more than 100% may be indicated. Students responded to a 5-point Likert scale that ranged from “Never” to “Always”. Chi-square tests were performed on all the responses; only the “Always” responses of students who “partied/socialized” are represented in the table for simplicity, however the p-values represent the range from never to always, not just “Always”.
Alcohol Consumption: Last Time “Partied”/Socialized Actual v. Perceived - Refer to Question 10 and Question 12 of the survey.
“The last time you ‘partied’/socialized how many drinks of alcohol did you have?” Undergraduate Students
30.5
46.5
19.6
3.4 6.3
37.8
49
6.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 1 to 4 5 to 7 8 or more
Actual
Perceived
27
Graduate Students
Undergraduate students were more likely to have had more alcoholic drinks at the .000 level of significance. Undergraduate students were also more likely to perceive that the typical student had more alcoholic drinks at the .000 level of significant difference.
Substance Use v. Perceptions of Use – Refer to Question 8 and Question 9 of the survey.
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS:
“Within the last 30 days, on how many days did you use…?”
Substance Never Not in last 30 days One or more days Used daily
Alcohol 20.8 11.2 67.6 0.5
Hookah 64.0 25.7 10.1 0.2
Marijuana 59.6 17.4 20.1 2.9
Cigarettes 70.9 14.7 11.7 2.7
Cigars 78.8 16.3 4.5 0.3
Smokeless tobacco 91.5 6.7 1.7 0.2
Cocaine 91.2 5.3 3.3 0.2
MDMA (Ecstasy) 89.5 7.9 2.6 0
Sedatives 95 2 3 0
Hallucinogens 93.8 4.5 1.7 0
25.1
59.2
13.6
2
9.3
47.9
38
4.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 1 to 4 5 to 7 8 or more
Actual
Perceived
Binge Rate – Of students who drink, 46.3% of undergraduate and 25.1% of graduate students had five or
more drinks of alcohol at a sitting one or more times in the last 2 weeks. (Q13)
28
Methamphetamine 98 1.7 .2 .2
Opiates 98.2 1.5 .3 0
Inhalants 97.6 1.7 .8 0
Anabolic steroids 99.5 .3 .2 0
Other amphetamines 93.6 3.2 2.7 0.5
Other club drugs 97.7 2 .3 0
Other illegal drugs 94.5 4 1.4 .2
“Within the last 30 days, how often do you think the typical student at your school used…?”
Substance Never Not in last 30 days One or more days Used daily
Alcohol 2.7 1.2 87.0 9.0
Hookah 9.2 21.5 67.4 1.8
Marijuana 5.7 6.3 80.9 7.2
Cigarettes 6.7 14.8 68.7 9.8
Cigars 17.4 29.9 50.7 2.0
Smokeless tobacco 30.9 25.2 4203 1.7
Cocaine 35.3 22.6 41.0 1.1
MDMA (Ecstasy) 30.7 25.4 43.5 0.5
Sedatives 42.9 23.3 32.9 0.9
Hallucinogens 41.5 26.7 31.3 0.5
Methamphetamine 51.2 23 25.2 0.6
Opiates 57.0 20.1 22.6 0.3
Inhalants 55.2 21.8 22.6 0.3
Anabolic steroids 48.6 19.5 31.3 0.6
Other amphetamines 39.4 23.6 36 1.1
Other club drugs 46.7 22.5 30.5 0.3
Other illegal drugs 41.9 23.4 33.8 0.9
GRADUATE STUDENTS:
“Within the last 30 days, on how many days did you use…?”
Substance Never Not in last 30 days One or more days Used daily
Alcohol 18.7 14.9 65.5 0.9
Hookah 75.1 22.3 2.6 0
Marijuana 72.6 20.4 6.6 0.4
Cigarettes 69 21.4 6.6 2.7
Cigars 78.9 19.8 1.3 0
Smokeless tobacco 93.6 5.9 0.6 0
Cocaine 95.6 4.0 0.2 0.2
MDMA (Ecstasy) 94.1 5.5 0.4 0
Sedatives 95 3.5 1.5 0
Hallucinogens 94.7 5.1 0.2 0
Methamphetamine 98.5 1.3 0.2 0
Opiates 99.4 0.4 0.2 0
29
Inhalants 98.9 0.9 0.2 0
Anabolic Steroids 99.6 0.2 0.2 0
Other amphetamines 95.2 3.9 0.6 0.4
Other club drugs 98.9 1.1 0.3 0
Other illegal drugs 98.3 1.5 0.2 0
“Within the last 30 days, how often do you think the typical student at your school used…?”
Substance Never Not in last 30 days One or more days Used daily
Alcohol 5.2 3.3 79.8 11.8
Hookah 15.4 25.2 57.4 1.9
Marijuana 14.1 12.4 68.0 5.6
Cigarettes 8.1 13.6 68.1 10.2
Cigars 15.9 30.9 51.1 2.1
Smokeless tobacco 29.3 24.8 42.6 3.3
Cocaine 40.7 26.4 32 0.8
MDMA (Ecstasy) 36.9 27.0 35.9 0.2
Sedatives 36.0 28.2 35.0 0.8
Hallucinogens 43.8 29.5 26.4 0.4
Methamphetamine 51.6 23.8 24.0 0.6
Opiates 54.0 24.1 21.4 0.6
Inhalants 52.0 26.1 21.3 0.3
Anabolic steroids 48.1 21.9 29.3 0.8
Other amphetamines 40.7 25.1 32.4 1.8
Other club drugs 45.5 24.8 29.5 0.2
Other illegal drugs 44.4 27.1 27.9 0.9
30
Exercise Habits – Refer to Question 29 of the survey.
“On how many of the past 7 days did you do moderate-intensity cardio or aerobic exercise (caused by a noticeable increase in heart rate such as a brisk walk) for at least 30 minutes?
“On how many of the past 7 days did you do vigorous-intensity cardio or aerobic activity (caused by large increase in breathing or heart rate, such as jogging) for at least 20 minutes?”
In the graph above, undergraduate and graduate results were combined.
Fruit and Vegetable Intake – Refer to Question 28 of the survey.
“How many servings of fruits and vegetables do you usually have per day?”
23.5
38.3
22.4
15.8
40.6
32.2
18.7
8.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 days 1 to 2 days 3 to 4 days 5 to 7 days
Moderate exercise
Vigorous Exercise
4.6
57.4
32.3
5.8 5.9
50.4
34.4
9.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
I don't eat fruits and vegetables
1-2/day 3-4/day 5 or more
Undergraduate
Graduate
31
Weight – Refer to Question 26 of the survey.
“How would you describe your weight?”
0.5
10.6
64.2
22.6
2.1 0.8
6.5
55.2
33.8
3.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Very underweight
Slightly underweight
Right weight Slightly overweight
Very overweight
Undergraduate
Graduate
Fruit and Vegetable Intake – The daily USDA recommended allowance of fruits and vegetables is 5-9.
In 2012, 5.8% of undergraduate and 9.3% of graduate students ate the recommended allowance of 5
or more servings per day. (Q28)
32
Body Mass Index (BMI) – Calculated using Questions 47, 49a, 49b, and 50 of the survey.
BMI Male % Female % Total %
<18.5 Underweight 3.1 8.4 6.4
18.5-24.9 Healthy Weight 65.1 71.2 68.8
25-29.9 Overweight 25.1 14.2 18.5
30-34.9 Class I Obesity 4.8 4.2 4.4
35-39.9 Class II Obesity 1.7 1.1 1.3
>40 Class III Obesity 0.2 0.8 0.6
Mean 23.8 22.72 23.14
Median 23.29 21.63 22.24
Standard Deviation 3.85 5.12 4.70
This figure incorporates reported height and weight to form a general indicator of physical health. Categories defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) 2000, reprinted in 2004. Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. WHO Tech Report Series: 894.
33
Limitations
Surveys are only useful to the extent that they reflect the opinions of the student population. While we have documented the sample representativeness of the USC University Park Campus in terms of demographics, the degree of representativeness in terms of health-related attitudes and opinions is unknown. The survey results do correlate to similar studies completed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Monitoring the Future, and the American College Health Association. When a survey includes questions on sensitive subjects such as drug use and sexuality, there is always the possibility that a response bias has influenced the results. However, the literature shows that an anonymous health behavior survey, such as the ACHA-NCHA, gives the responder an opportunity to share more accurate information than would otherwise be provided. In general, the best way to minimize the chances of a response bias is to achieve a high response rate. The response rate of approximately twenty percent achieved in these surveys is in alignment with the steady downward trend of response rates over the past few years. As such, the response rate is not of sufficient size to ensure representativeness on all important factors. It is therefore recommended that the results described in this report be thought of as preliminary until further research is done.
Conclusion
The wellbeing of a college student can be related to learning, academic functioning, and performance. Therefore, this data can be utilized by various departments on campus to form partnerships in order to provide a more integrative approach to advancing health, as health supports the learning mission of our institution. Most students reported their general health as being excellent, very good, or good. However, there are a number of specific health issues such as stress, sleep, and anxiety that negatively impact the lives of students and should continue to be addressed. Safety related to bicycles in the academic core and the lack of fruit and vegetable consumption draw attention to systemic or environmental interventions. Finally, with respect to the misperceptions held by students around the alcohol and sexual behaviors of their peers, continued efforts by the campus community to create and support an accurate picture of USC students are greatly needed. The mission of the University of Southern California is the “development of human beings and society as a whole through the cultivation and enrichment of the human mind and spirit.” In order to truly facilitate this mission, the wellbeing of students must be a top priority. The data provided by the American College Health Association -National College Health Assessment II is a tool for all departments to use in order to advance the health of our students as it enriches student learning and cultivates the human mind and spirit.
34
References
ACHA-NCHA website: www.acha-ncha.org Office for Wellness and Health Promotion (OWHP): www.usc.edu/owhp Student Counseling Services website: www.usc.edu/scs Student Medical Services website: www.usc.edu/healthcenter Student Wellness - BeWellUSC: www.usc.edu/BeWellUSC If you have any questions about this document and/or the data presented please call 213-740-4777 or email owhp@usc.edu.
Acknowledgements
This report would not have been possible without the contributions, dedication, and patience of the following individuals:
Michael Jackson, Vice President of Student Affairs Larry Neinstein, Executive Director, University Park Health Center Paula Swinford, Director, Office for Wellness and Health Promotion
Katherine Verrochi, Health Educator, Office for Wellness and Health Promotion Eduardo Molina, Director, Institutional Research Janice Schafrik, Director, Center for Testing and Assessment A special thanks to the entire Wellness and Health Promotion staff, including the Peer Health Educators (PHEs) for their continued support and feedback.
Thank you to all the students who sent in completed surveys; your efforts help us to serve you better.
35
Appendix A
Representativeness of 2012 Sample
Descriptor Returned Survey Responders % All UPC Students % Difference
Gender
Female 61.56 51.1 -10.46
Male 38.44 48.9 10.46
Class
Undergraduate 54.17 55.8 1.63
Graduate 45.83 44.2 -1.63
Ethnicity
American Indian 0.24 0.2 -0.04
Asian 20.11 18.7 -1.41
Black 4.46 5.0 0.54
Hispanic 13.38 12.7 -0.68
Non Resident 18.0 18.8 0.8
Pacific Islander .08 .02 -0.06
Two or more Races 3.49 2.5 -0.99
White 38.04 38.5 0.46
36
Appendix B
NCHA 2012 Supplemental Questions – 30 response fields
67. Are you of Hispanic or Latino descent?
a. No
b. Yes
68. What is your racial background? (mark all that apply)
a. White
b. Black or African American
c. Asian
d. American Indian or Alaska Native
e. Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander
69. Within the last 12 months, while walking at USC, (mark all that apply),
a. I have collided (e.g. “accident”) with a pedestrian
b. I have collided (e.g. “accident”) with a bicycle
c. I have collided (e.g. “accident”) with a car, truck, or bus
d. I have collided (e.g. “accident”) with a skateboard
e. I have collided (e.g. “accident”) with an electric cart
f. I witnessed a collision (e.g. “accident”) that did not involve me.
g. None of the above have happened
70. How often do you use a bicycle on and/or around USC?
a. I don’t ride a bicycle at USC
b. Less than one day a month
c. 1-3 days per month
d. 1-4 days per week
e. 5-7 days per week
71. From USC, how far do you ride a bicycle?
a. I don’t ride a bicycle at USC
b. I ride only in the USC campus academic core (Vermont, Jefferson, Figueroa, and
Exposition)
c. I ride in the larger USC University Park neighborhood bordered by Budlong
(which is west of Vermont), Adams to the north, Figueroa to the east, and Exposition
to the south
d. I ride beyond the larger USC University Park neighborhood bordered by
Budlong (which is west of Vermont), Adams to the north, Figueroa to the east, and
Exposition to the south
72. Do you feel confident cycling on the urban streets around campus?
a. Yes, I feel confident
b. I do not feel confident
c. I don’t ride a bicycle at USC
73. Within the last 12 months, while biking at USC, (mark all that apply),
a. I have collided (e.g. “accident”) with a pedestrian
b. I have collided (e.g. “accident”) with a bicycle
37
c. I have collided (e.g. “accident”) with a car, truck, or bus
d. I have collided (e.g. “accident”) with a skateboard
e. I have collided (e.g. “accident”) with an electric cart
f. I witnessed a collision (e.g. “accident”) that did not involve me
g. None of the above have happened
h. I do not ride a bicycle at USC
74. Which of the following would you be most interested in attending to learn more about safe
cycling and bicycle traffic laws?
a. Thirty minute video/webinar
b. One hour brownbag on urban cycling and commuting
c. Two hour on-bike ride through campus with bike safety skills tips
d. Eight hour Confident City Cycling class including four hours on street and four hours on
bike instruction on busy city streets around campus.
e. Not interested in attending any of these
75. Within the last 12 months, has anyone sent frightening or threatening messages to your cell
phone, email account, social media account, or posted something frightening or threatening
about you on a gossip blog?
a. No
b. Yes
76. Within the last 12 months, has anyone said something frightening or threatening to you in
person?
a. No b. Yes
77. Within the last 12 months, has someone fondled, kissed, rubbed, or touched you, and you
wanted it to stop, but it did not?
a. No, this has not happened to me
b. Yes, but not within the past 12 months
c. Yes, and I was drunk at the time
d. Yes, and I was “out of it” at the time
e. Yes, and although I was not drunk or “out of it” the person did not stop
78. Within the last 12 months, has a man put his penis into your vagina or butt, or had oral sex
with you when you wanted it to stop, but it did not?
a. No, this has not happened to me
b. Yes, but not within the past 12 months
c. Yes, and I was drunk at the time
d. Yes, and I was “out of it” at the time
e. Yes, and although I was not drunk or “out of it” the person did not stop
79. Within the last 12 months, have you been seen by a medical healthcare professional (e.g.
Physician, Nurse Practitioner, Physician Assistant, Nurse)? Please choose one response.
a. I have not been seen by a medical healthcare professional in the last 12 months. b. I have been seen by a medical healthcare professional on staff at the student health
center on campus c. I have been seen by a medical healthcare professional on staff at a healthcare facility
other than at the student health center on campus
38
d. Both B and C. 80. Within the last 12 months, have you been seen by a mental healthcare professional (e.g.
Psychologist, Social Worker, Psychiatrist or Counselor)? Please choose one response. a. I have not been seen by a mental healthcare professional in the last 12 months. b. I have been seen by a mental healthcare professional on staff at the student
counseling center on campus c. I have been seen by a mental healthcare professional on staff at a counseling facility
other than at the student counseling center on campus d. Both B and C.
39
Appendix C
Supplemental Questions, Valid Percents Reported
1. 15.8 % of USC students are Hispanic or of Latino descent. (Q67)
2. 60.1% of students identify as white, 6.1% of students identify as Black or African American, 33.4% of students
identify as Asian. 2.0% of students identify as American Indian or Alaskan Native, and 1.6% of students identify
as Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander. (Q68)
3. Within the last 12 months, while walking at USC,
a. 15.6% of students collided with a pedestrian (Q69)
b. 19.7% of students collided with a bicycle (Q69)
c. 2% of students collided with a skateboard (Q69)
d. 1.6% of students collided with an electric cart (Q69)
e. 53.6% of students witnessed a collision that did not involve them (Q69)
f. 39.6% of students did not experience any of the listed events (Q69)
4. 63.3% of students do not ride a bicycle at USC. 2.4% of students ride a bicycle less that one day a month. 3.7%
of students ride a bicycle 1-3 days per month. 7% of students ride a bicycle 1-4 days per week. 23.6% of
students ride a bicycle 5-7 days per week. (Q70)
5. 13.1% of students ride only in the USC academic core. 16.3% of students ride in the larger USC University Park
neighborhood. 7.0% of students ride beyond the larger USC University Park neighborhood. (Q71)
6. 65.6% of USC bikers feel confident cycling on the urban streets around campus. (Q72)
7. Within the last 12 months, while biking at USC,
a. 6.2% of bikers have collided with a pedestrian (Q73)
b. 11.8% of bikers have collided with a bicycle (Q73)
c. 1.7% of bikers have collided with a car, truck, or bus (Q73)
d. 3.4% of bikers have collided with an electric cart (Q73)
8. 83.3% of students are not interested in attending proposed safety interventions to learn more about safe
cycling and bicycle traffic laws. (Q74)
9. Within the last 12 months, 3.4% of students have received frightening or threatening messages to their cell
phone, email account, social media account, or something frightening or threatening was posted about them
on a gossip blog. (Q75)
10. Within the last 12 months, 11.6% have had someone say something frightening or threatening to them in
person. (Q76)
11. Within the last 12 months, 6% of students had someone fondle, kiss, rub, or touch them, and they wanted it to
stop but it did not. (Q77)
12. Within the last 12 months, 1.7% of students had a man put his penis into the respondent’s vagina or butt, or
had oral sex with them when they wanted it to stop, but it did not. (Q78)
13. 23.9% of students have been seen by a medical healthcare professional on staff at the student health center on
campus. 25.8% of students have been seen by a medical healthcare professional on staff at a healthcare facility
other than at the student health center on campus. 29.3% of students have been seen by a medical healthcare
professional at both the student health center and a healthcare facility other than the student health center.
(Q79)
14. 6.0% of students have been seen by a mental healthcare professional on staff at the student counseling center
on campus. 8.6% of students have been seen by a mental healthcare professional on staff at a healthcare
facility other than at the student health center on campus. 3.4% of students have been seen by a mental
healthcare professional at both the student health center and at a healthcare facility other than the student
health center. (Q80)
40
Appendix D
Healthy Campus 2020
Data reported: USC NCHA UPC 2012 data (undergraduate and graduate breakdown reported when
available), USC NCHA UPC 2009 data, ACHA-NCHA national aggregate baseline data, ACHA-NCHA target
for 2020
Health Impediments to Academic Performance
AI-1.1 Reduce the proportion of students who report that their academic performance was adversely
affected by stress in the past 12 months. (Q45.29)
USC UPC 2012: 28%
Undergraduate: 35.8 %, Graduate: 18.3%
USC UPC 2009: 22.6%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 27.4
ACHA-NCHA target: 24.7
AI-1.2 Reduce the proportion of students who report that their academic performance was adversely
affected by sleep difficulties in the past 12 months. (Q45.28)
USC UPC 2012: 16.8%
Undergraduate: 22.7%, Graduate: 10.1%
USC UPC 2009: 13.8%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 20.0%
ACHA-NCHA target: 18
AI-1.3 Reduce the proportion of students who report that their academic performance was adversely
affected by anxiety difficulties in the past 12 months.(Q45.3)
USC 2012: 18.3%
Undergraduate: 23.2%, Graduate: 12.4%
USC UPC 2009: 14.8%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 18.3%
ACHA-NCHA target: 16.5%
41
AI-1.4 Reduce the proportion of students who report that their academic performance was adversely
affected by cold/flu/sore through in the past 12 months.(Q45.7)
USC 2012: 14.8%
Undergraduate: 20.1%, Graduate: 8.5%
USC UPC 2009: 15.4%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 18.0%
ACHA-NCHA target: 16.2
AI-1.5 Reduce the proportion of students who report that their academic performance was adversely
affected by work in the past 12 months.(Q45.30)
USC 2012: 12.5%
Undergraduate: 14.8%, Graduate: 10.2%
USC UPC 2009: 10.9%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 13.7%
ACHA-NCHA target: 12.3%
Health Communication/Health IT/ECBP
HC HC/HIT-a (Developmental) Increase proportion of students who report that their healthcare
providers have satisfactory communication skills.
No data to report.
ECBP-7.2 Increase the proportion of students who report receiving information on injury prevention
from their institution. (Q2.7)
USC 2012: 25.7%
Undergraduate: 31.4%, Graduate: 18.8%
USC 2009: 25%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 28.8%
ACHA-NCHA target: 31.7%
42
ECBP-7.3 Increase the proportion of students who report receiving information on violence prevention
from their institution. (Q2.19)
USC 2012: 31.9%
Undergraduate: 39.7%, Graduate: 21.8%
USC 2009: 36%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 36.0%
ACHA-NCHA target: 39.6%
ECBP-7.4 Increase the proportion of students who report receiving information on suicide prevention
from their institution. (Q2.17)
USC 2012: 24.1%
Undergraduate: 29.4%, Graduate: 17.9%
USC 2009: 19.7%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 30.1%
ACHA-NCHA target: 33.1%
ECBP-7.5 Increase the proportion of students who report receiving information on tobacco use from
their institution. (Q2.18)
USC 2012: 17.9%
Undergraduate: 23.1%, Graduate: 11.6%
USC 2009: 16.5%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 35.1%
ACHA-NCHA target: 38.6%
ECBP-7.6 Increase the proportion of students who report receiving information on alcohol and other
drug use from their institution. (Q2.1)
USC 2012: 59.2%
Undergraduate: 86.2%, Graduate: 26.4%
USC 2009: 62.2%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 64.8%
43
ACHA-NCHA target: 71.3
ECBP-7.7 Increase the proportion of students who report receiving information on pregnancy prevention
from their institution. (Q2.10)
USC 2012: 32%
Undergraduate: 43.4%, Graduate: 18.0%
USC 2009: 35.8%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 41.0%
ACHA-NCHA target: 45.1%
ECBP-7.8 Increase the proportion of students who report receiving information on sexually transmitted
disease/infection (STD/I) prevention from their institution. (Q2.14)
USC 2012: 40.7%
Undergraduate: 55.3%, Graduate: 23.2%
USC 2009: 42.8%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 52.2%
ACHA-NCHA target: 57.4%
ECBP-7.9 Increase the proportion of students who report receiving information on nutrition from their
institution. (Q2.8)
USC 2012: 36.4%
Undergraduate: 47.7%, Graduate: 22.2%
USC 2009: 45.8%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 52.4%
ACHA-NCHA target: 57.6%
ECBP-7.10 Increase the proportion of students who report receiving information on physical activity
from their institution. (Q2.9)
USC 2012: 46.2%
Undergraduate: 56.4%, Graduate: 33.3%
USC 2009: 46.9%
44
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 56.9%
ACHA-NCHA target: 62.6%
Injury and Violence Prevention
HC IVP-a Increase the proportion of students who report wearing a helmet always or most of the time
when riding a bicycle within the last 12 months. (Q4.2)
USC 2012: 12.4%
Undergraduate: 8.8%, Graduate: 19.7%
USC 2009: 16.2%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 34.4%
ACHA-NCHA target: 37.8
IVP-22 Increase the proportion of students who report wearing a helmet always or most of the time
when riding a motorcycle within the last 12 months. (Q4.3)
USC 2012: 45%
Undergraduate: 66.7%, Graduate: 35.7%
USC 2009: 90.5%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 85.8%
ACHA-NCHA target: 94.4%
IVP-33 Reduce the proportion of students who report being physically assaulted within the last 12
months. (Q5.2)
USC 2012: 3.2%
Undergraduate: 3.7%, Graduate: 2.5%
USC 2009: 3.0%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 4.7%
ACHA-NCHA target: 4.2%
45
IVP 39.3 Reduce the proportion of students who report being in an intimate relationship that was
emotionally abusive within the last 12 months. (Q6.1)
USC 2012: 7.9%
Undergraduate: 7.7%, Graduate: 7.6%
USC 2009: 7.8%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 10%
ACHA-NCHA target: 9.0%
IVP 39.1 Reduce the proportion of students who report being in an intimate relationship that was
physically abusive within the last 12 months. (Q6.2)
USC 2012: 1.5%
Undergraduate: 1.5%, Graduate: 1.6 %
USC 2009: 2.1%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 2.5%
ACHA-NCHA target: 2.3%
IVP 39.2 Reduce the proportion of students who report being in an intimate relationship that was
sexually abusive within the last 12 months. (Q6.3)
USC 2012: 0.7%
Undergraduate: 1.2%, Graduate: .6%
USC 2009: 1.4%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 1.6%
ACHA-NCHA target: 1.4%
HC IVP-b Reduce the proportion of students who report being sexually touched without their consent
within the last 12 months. (Q5.4)
USC 2012: 6.0%
Undergraduate: 9.7%, Graduate: 4.0%
USC 2009: 5.5%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 6.0%
46
ACHA-NCHA target: 5.4%
IVP-40 Reduce the proportion of students who report being sexually penetrated without their consent
within the last 12 months. (Q5.6)
USC 2012: 2.0%
Undergraduate: 1.2%, Graduate: .9%
USC 2009: 1.6%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 1.5%
ACHA-NCHA target: 1.4
HC IVP-c Increase the proportion of students who report feeling very safe “on this campus” at night.
(Q7.2)
USC 2012: 25.5%
Undergraduate: 27.9%, Graduate: 22.8%
USC 2009: 17.6%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 31.9%
ACHA-NCHA target: 35.1%
Mental Health and Mental Disorders
MHMD-2 Reduce the proportion of students who report attempting suicide within the last 12 months.
(Q30.11)
USC 2012: 1.1%
Undergraduate: 1.1%, Graduate: 1.1%
USC 2009: 0.8%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 1.3%
ACHA-NCHA target: 1.2%
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MHMD-3 Reduce the proportion of students who report experiencing an eating disorder/problem within
the last 12 months. (Q31.1,5)
Bulimia – USC 2012: 0.9%
Undergraduate: 1.1%, Graduate: .6%
USC 2009: 0.5%
Anorexia – USC 2012: 1.1%
Undergraduate: 1.1%, Graduate: .6%
USC 2009: 0.9%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 5.3%
ACHA-NCHA target: 4.8%
MHMD-6a Increase the proportion of students reporting a diagnosis of depression and receiving
treatment within the last 12 months. (Q31.6)
USC 2012: 7.2%
Undergraduate: 5.7%, Graduate: 8.9 %
USC 2009: 5.8%
MHMD-6b Increase the proportion of students reporting a diagnosis of anxiety and receiving treatment
within the last 12 months. (Q31.2)
USC 2012: 7.5%
Undergraduate: 6.5%, Graduate: 8.7%
USC 2009: 7.9%
Nutrition and Weight Status
NWS-8 Increase the proportion of students who are at a healthy weight. (Q26.3)
USC 2012: 68.8%
Undergraduate: 64.2%, Graduate: 55.2%
Male: 65.1%, Female: 71.2%
USC 2009: 72.0%
Male: 68.7%, Female: 74.6%
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ACHA-NCHA baseline: 61.6%
ACHA-NCHA target: 67.8%
NWS-9 Reduce the proportion of students who are obese. (Q26.5)
USC 2012: 6.3%
Male: 6.7%, Female: 6.1%
USC 2009: 5.2%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 11.6%
ACHA-NCHA target: 10.4%
NWS-14/15 Increase the proportion of students who report eating 5 or more servings of fruits and
vegetables per day. (Q28)
USC 2012: 7.1%
Undergraduate: 5.8%, Graduate: 9.3%
USC 2009: 7.6%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 6.0%
ACHA-NCHA target: 6.6%
Physical Activity and Fitness
PA-2.1 Increase the proportion of students who report meeting current federal guidelines for aerobic
physical activity. (Q29.1,2)
USC 2012: 15.8% of students are meeting or exceeding the federal guidelines for aerobic activity
by doing moderate-intensity cardio or aerobic exercise, and 8.5% of students are meeting or exceeding
the federal guidelines for aerobic physical activity by doing vigorous intensity cardio activity.
USC 2009: 14.3% of students are meeting or exceeding the federal guidelines for aerobic activity
by doing moderate-intensity cardio or aerobic exercise, and 7.5% of students are meeting or exceeding
the federal guidelines for aerobic physical activity by doing vigorous intensity cardio activity.
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 48.7%
ACHA-NCHA target: 53.5%
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PA-2.2 Increase the proportion of students who report meeting current federal guidelines for muscle-
strengthening activity. (Q29.3)
USC 2012: 32.8%
Undergraduate: 36.4%, Graduate: 28.2%
USC 2009: 31.5%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 37.6%
ACHA-NCHA target: 41.4%
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV
STD-1 Reduce the proportion of students who test positive for Chlamydia as reported by their university
health services in the last 12 months. (Q41.6)
USC 2012: 0.8%
Undergraduate: 0.8%, Graduate: 0.9% (reporting those who tested positive)
USC 2009: 0.5%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 3.4%
ACHA-NCHA target: 3.1%
STD-4 Increase the proportion of university health services who report routinely screening sexually
active women under the age of 26 for Chlamydia.
No data to report.
HIV-17a Increase the proportion of sexually active students who report using condoms, most of the time
or always, for vaginal intercourse in the last 30 days. (Q22.2)
USC 2012: 50.3%
Undergraduate: 59%, Graduate: 41.9%
USC 2009: 53.5%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 51.0%
ACHA-NCHA target: 56.1%
50
HIV-17b Increase the proportion of sexually active students who report using condoms, most of the time
or always, for anal intercourse in the last 30 days. (Q22.3)
USC 2012: 32.8%
Undergraduate: 34.0%, Graduate: 32.3%
USC 2009: 33.9%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 28.2%
ACHA-NCHA target: 31.0%
HIV-14 Increase the proportion of students who report having ever been tested for HIV. (Q39.6)
USC 2012: 26.8%
Undergraduate: 19.7%. Graduate: 35.2%
USC 2009: 28.1%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 25.7%
ACHA-NCHA target: 28.3%
Family Planning
FP-1 Decrease the proportion of female students who report an unintended pregnancy in the last 12
months. (Q25.3)
USC 2012: 0.7%
Undergraduate: 0.6%, Graduate: 0.9% (Recognize partner pregnancy, therefore report
both male and female)
USC 2009: 1.3%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 1.5%
ACHA-NCHA target: 1.4%
FP-3 Increase the proportion of college university health services that report offering (dispense,
prescribe, or sell) emergency contraception.
No data to report.
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FP-6 Increase the proportion of students or their partner who report using contraception during the last
vaginal sexual intercourse. (Q23.1)
USC 2012: 79.8%
Undergraduate: 82.4%, Graduate: 77.1%
USC 2009: 84.9%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 56.6%
ACHA-NCHA target: 62.3%
Substance Abuse
SA-13 Reduce the proportion of students who report using marijuana (pot, weed, hashish, hash oil)
within the last 30 days. (Q8.6)
USC 2012: 15.7%
Undergraduate: 23%, Graduate: 7%
USC 2009: 14.4%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 17.0%
ACHA-NCHA target: 15.3%
SA-14 Reduce the proportion of students who report engaging in high-risk drinking of alcoholic
beverages within the last 12 months. (Q10)
No data to report.
Change to question 13, five or more drinks in a sitting, nondrinkers INCLUDED
SA-19 Reduce the proportion of students who report nonmedical use of prescription drugs within the
last 12 months.
USC 2012: Antidepressants- 2.8%, Erectile Dysfunction- 1.1%, Pain- 6.7%, Sedatives- 3.6%,
Stimulants- 7.2%
USC 2009: Antidepressants- 2.1%, Erectile Dysfunction- 1.1%, Pain- 6.8%, Sedatives- 4.1%,
Stimulants- 6.5%
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HC SA-d Reduce the proportion of students who report driving after consuming any alcohol within the
last 30 days. (Q14)
USC 2012: 26.5%
Undergraduate: 14.9%, Graduate: 39.2%
USC 2009: 29.7%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 17.9%
ACHA-NCHA target: 16.1%
Tobacco Use
TU-1a Reduce the proportion of students who report cigarette use within the last 30 days. (Q8.1)
USC 2012: 12.2%
Undergraduate: 14.4%, Graduate: 9.4%
USC 2009: 12.5%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 16%
ACHA-NCHA target: 14.4%
TU-1b Reduce the proportion of students who report smokeless tobacco use within the last 30 days.
(Q8.4)
USC 2012: 1.3%
Undergraduate: 1.9%, Graduate: .6%
USC 2009: 2.3%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 3.9%
ACHA-NCHA target: 3.5%
HC TU-e Reduce the proportion of students who report hookah use within the last 30 days. (Q8.2)
USC 2012: 6.9%
Undergraduate: 10.3%, Graduate: 2.6%
USC 2009: 9.3%
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ACHA-NCHA baseline: 8.2%
ACHA-NCHA target: 7.4%
Immunization and Infectious Disease
IID-12 Increase the proportion of students who report receiving influenza vaccine in the last 12 months.
(Q40.3)
USC 2012: 32.8%
Undergraduate: 36.5%, Graduate: 28.0%
USC 2009: 29.6%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 39.9%
ACHA-NCHA target: 43.9%
IID-8a Increase the proportion of students who report receiving Hepatitis B vaccine. (Q40.1)
USC 2012: 69.3%
Undergraduate: 70.4%, Graduate: 68.1%
USC 2009: 73.8%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 73.0%
ACHA-NCHA target: 80.3%
IID-8b Increase the proportion of students who report receiving Human Papillomavirus/HPV vaccine.
(Q40.2)
USC 2012: 37.7%
Undergraduate: 46.9%, Graduate: 26.5%
USC 2009: 28.7%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 33.2%
ACHA-NCHA target: 36.5%
54
IID-8c Increase the proportion of students who report receiving Measles, Mumps, Rubella vaccine.
(Q40.4)
USC 2012: 80.2%
Undergraduate: 77.4%, Graduate: 83.8%
USC 2009: 80.7%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 70.9%
ACHA-NCHA target: 78.0%
IID-8d Increase the proportion of students who report receiving Meningococcal vaccine. (Q40.5)
USC 2012: 54.7%
Undergraduate: 61.3%, Graduate: 47.3%
USC 2009: 56.6%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 54.7%
ACHA-NCHA target: 62.8%
IID-8e Increase the proportion of students who report receiving Varicella (chicken Pox) vaccine. (Q40.6)
USC 2012: 50.4%
Undergraduate: 65.5%, Graduate: 43.6%
USC 2009: 40.7%
ACHA-NCHA baseline: 43.4%
ACHA-NCHA target: 47.7%
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