us history state test skills. amendments 1. freedom of religion, speech, press, petition, and...

US History State Test Skills

Amendments1. Freedom of religion, speech, press, petition, and assembly

2. Right to have a gun

3. No keeping soldiers in private homes

4. Search and seizures, warrants

5. Due process, self-incrimination

6. Rights of the accused, right to a speedy trial

7. Trial by jury

8. Reasonable bail, no cruel and unusual punishment

9. Rights not listed retained by the people

10. Powers reserved to the states or to the people

Amendments11. States can’t be sued by foreign governments

12. Changed presidential election procedures

13. End of slavery

14. Citizenship for African Americans

15. Voting for African Americans

16. Federal income tax

17. Direct election of senators

18. Alcohol illegal

19. Women get to vote

20. Set term beginnings for Congress and President (dates)

Amendments21. Alcohol legal again

22. President limited to two terms

23. Representation of Washington, DC in Electoral College

24. End of poll taxes

25.Presidential disabilities

26.Voting age set at 18

27. Variance of congressional compensation

• Show “I Love Lucy”

• Music of Vietnam

Continents

• North America

• South America

• Antarctica

• Europe

• Asia

• Africa

• Australia

Northeastern USA = Big Cities and Industrialization

• Maine (Augusta)• New Hampshire (Concord)• Vermont (Montpelier)• Massachusetts (Boston)• Connecticut (Hartford)• New York (Albany)• New Jersey (Trenton)• Pennsylvania (Harrisburg)• Rhode Island (Providence)

Northeastern USA = Big Cities and Industrialization

• Tenements (nasty, unsafe apartments)

• Child labor

• Unsafe working conditions

• Political machines

• Factories

• Before the IR, people made stuff at home. After the IR, factories made stuff.

• Immigration

Child Labor

• Children worked in factories

• Long shifts (6 am to 9 pm)

• Hot, dirty conditions

• Many became ill or crippled

• Some were as young as 6

Photographs of Lewis Hine, Muckraker

Furman Owens, 12 years old. Can't read. Said, "Yes I want to learn but can't when I work all the time." Been in the mills 4 years, 3 years in the Olympia Mill. Columbia, SC

One of the spinners in Whitnel Cotton Mill. Has been in the mill one year. Makes 48 cents a day. When asked how old she was, she hesitated, then said, "I don't remember."

Tony, age 11, been selling 4 years. Sells sometimes until 10 p.m. His paper told me the boy had shown him the marks on his arm where his father had bitten him for not selling more papers.

View of the Ewen Breaker of the Pa. Coal Co. The dust was so dense at times as to obscure the view. The dust penetrated the boys' lungs. A kind of slave-driver sometimes stands over the boys, prodding or kicking them into obedience. S. Pittston, Pa.

Oyster shuckers working in a canning factory. All but the very smallest babies work. Began work at 3:30 a.m. and expected to work until 5 p.m.

Hiram Pulk, age 9, working in a canning company. "I ain't very fast only about 5 boxes a day. They pay about 5 cents a box," he said. Eastport, Me.

Picking nuts in dirty basement. The dirtiest imaginable children were pawing over the nuts. Mother had a cold and blew her nose frequently (without washing her hands) and the dirty handkerchiefs reposed comfortably on table close to the nuts.

Fish cutters. In front, Byron Hamilton, 7, has a badly cut finger. Behind him is his brother George, 11, who cut his finger half off. Ralph, left, displays his knife and a badly cut finger. They said they were always cutting themselves. Some say they earn a $1 when they work all day. They start at 7 a.m. and work all day until midnight.

Factory system

Division of Labor

• Each worker performs a specific task along the assembly line

Immigration

Southern USA = Jim Crow Laws and Segregation

• Delaware (Dover)• Maryland (Annapolis)• Virginia (Richmond)• West Virginia (Charleston)• Kentucky (Frankfort)• North Carolina (Raleigh)• South Carolina (Columbia)• Tennessee (Nashville)• Florida (Tallahassee)• Georgia (Atlanta)• Mississippi (Jackson)• Alabama (Montgomery)• Arkansas (Little Rock)• Louisiana (Baton Rouge)• Oklahoma (Oklahoma City)• Texas (Austin)

Southern USA = Jim Crow Laws and Segregation

• “Separate but equal”

• Some examples of Jim Crow laws are the segregation of public schools, public places and public transportation, and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains for whites and blacks.

• The U.S. military was also segregated.

• Poll taxes, grandfather clause, literacy tests

Midwestern US = Great Plains and Farming

• Ohio (Columbus)• Indiana (Indianapolis)• Michigan (Lansing)• Wisconsin (Madison)• Illinois (Springfield)• Minnesota (St. Paul)• Iowa (Des Moines)• Missouri (Jefferson City)• North Dakota (Bismarck)• South Dakota (Pierre)• Nebraska (Lincoln)• Kansas (Topeka)

Midwestern US = Great Plains and Farming

• Dust Bowl

• Great Depression

• Wheat

Dust Bowl video clips:

http://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe30s/water_02.html

Use FireFox

Presidents of the US After 1860• 16 Abraham Lincoln• 17 Andrew Johnson• 18 Ulysses S. Grant • 19 Rutherford B. Hayes • 20 James Garfield • 21 Chester Arthur • 22 Grover Cleveland • 23 Benjamin Harrison • 24 Grover Cleveland • 25 William McKinley • 26 Theodore Roosevelt • 27 William Taft • 28 Woodrow Wilson • 29 Warren Harding

30 Calvin Coolidge 31 Herbert Hoover 32 Franklin D Roosevelt 33 Harry S Truman 34 Dwight Eisenhower 35 John F Kennedy 36 Lyndon Johnson 37 Richard Nixon 38 Gerald Ford Jr 39 James Carter 40 Ronald Reagan 41 George Walker Bush 42 William Clinton 43 George W. Bush44 Barack Obama

Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln

• First President to be assassinated

• He was the tallest President at 6 feet, 4 inches.

• Lincoln, one week before his death, had a dream of someone crying in the White House. He asked who had passed away. The man said the President. When he looked in the coffin it was his own face he saw.

Andrew Johnson

Johnson

• He finished out Lincoln’s term.

• Was an indentured servant. Ran away, breaking his contract.

• Never went to school, taught himself to read.

• Died of cholera.

Ulysses Grant

Grant

• Transcontinental railroad was completed.

• Nickname: “Unconditional Surrender”

• Commander of the Union forces during the Civil War

Rutherford Hayes

Hayes

• Valedictorian of his college

• Wounded four times in the Civil War

• First President to have a phone in the White House

James Garfield

Garfield• Shot twice in the stomach.

• No anesthesia.

• The first doctor gave him brandy and spirits of ammonia, causing the president to vomit.

• Then a doctor inserted a metal probe into the wound, turning it slowly, searching for the bullet. The probe became stuck, and was removed only with great difficulty. Then he inserted his finger into the wound, widening the hole in another unsuccessful probe. It was decided to move Garfield to the White House for further treatment.

• Sixteen doctors tried to help. Most probed the wound with their fingers or dirty instruments. Though the president complained of numbness in the legs and feet, which implied the bullet was lodged near the spinal cord, most thought it was resting in the abdomen. The president's condition weakened under the heat and humidity of the Washington summer combined with mosquitoes. It was decided to move him by train to the New Jersey seashore.

• Doctors reopened the wound and enlarged it hoping to find the bullet. They were unsuccessful.

• By the time Garfield died, his doctors had turned a three-inch-deep, harmless wound into a twenty-inch-long contaminated gash stretching from his ribs to his groin and oozing more pus each day. He lingered for eighty days, wasting away from his robust 210 pounds to a mere 130 pounds. Clawing at his chest he moaned, "This pain, this pain," while suffering a major heart attack. The president died a few minutes later.

Chester Arthur

Arthur

• Man of fashion

• Died of kidney disease after leaving White House

Grover Cleveland

Cleveland

• Only President to get married in the White House

• Died of old age

Cleveland

• When Grover Cleveland was the Democratic nominee for President in 1884, reports surfaced that the unmarried politician had fathered an illegitimate child. Even the mom didn't know who little Oscar's father was; the boy had been named after Cleveland because he was the only unmarried possibility. Cleveland paid child support for many years.

• Cleveland won. When Republicans chanted at Cleveland's rallies, "Ma, Ma, where's my pa?" Democrats would respond, "Off to the White House, ha, ha, ha!“

Benjamin Harrison

Harrison

• His grandfather was President

Grover Cleveland, again

William McKinley

McKinley

• Former teacher

• Assassinated; died eight days later

Theodore Roosevelt

T. Roosevelt

• The teddy bear is named after him.

• Maxwell House coffee once asked the President what he thought of their product.  He responded:  "It’s good to the last drop".  Sound familiar?

• Once while preparing to give a speech, a man attempted to assassinate Roosevelt, and shot him with a pistol at nearly point blank range.  Roosevelt finished the lengthy speech before visiting a hospital.

William Taft

Taft

• He got stuck in the White House bath tub, and had a special tub built just for him.

• Supposedly, he invented the 7th inning stretch at ball games.

Woodrow Wilson

Wilson

• Won re-election with the slogan, “He kept us out of war!”

• When told the senate wanted to keep the US out of the League of Nations, he said, “Dare we reject it and break the heart of the world?”

Warren Harding

Harding• How did he die? Natural causes, negligent homicide,

suicide, or murder?

• Natural causes: he smoked, drank, and was overweight.

• Negligent homicide: he had the flu, and his doctor tried purging his system with homemade remedies.

• Suicide: he was depressed because his political friends had been caught up in corruption, and he might face impeachment.

• Murder: many people wanted him silenced, because he knew all the dirt on the major players.

• Official cause of death: stroke.

Calvin Coolidge

Coolidge

• He was very quiet, and didn’t do much.

• He was President during the Roaring Twenties.

• A young woman sitting next to Coolidge at a dinner party told him she had bet she could get at least three words of conversation from him.

• Without looking at her he quietly retorted, "You lose."

Herbert Hoover

Hoover

• "We in America today are nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any land."

• His election seemed to ensure prosperity. Within months the stock market crashed, and the Nation spiraled downward into depression.

Franklin Roosevelt

FDR

• Had polio

• Elected four times

• President during the Great Depression and World War II

Harry Truman

Truman

• Became President suddenly when FDR died.

• "I felt like the moon, the stars, and all the planets had fallen on me."

• Made the decision to drop the atomic bomb.

• He died the year I was born.

Western US = Expansion, Mining, Cattle Farming, and Indian Wars

• Washington (Olympia)• Oregon (Salem)• California (Sacramento)• Idaho (Boise)• Montana (Helena)• Nevada (Carson City)• Utah (Salt Lake City)• Wyoming (Cheyenne)• Colorado (Denver)• Arizona (Phoenix)• New Mexico (Santa Fe)

Western US = Expansion, Mining, Cattle Farming, and Indian Wars

• Go West!

• Railroads connected the country for the first time.

• Gold and Silver

• Cattle drives

• Fighting with Native Americans

Mining

• Placer mining – shallow mining, usually in creeks.

• Quartz mining – deep mining, involving mine shafts.

Free Land in the West

Last Two States

• Hawaii (Honolulu)

• Alaska (Juneau)

Hawaii

Alaska

Map Skills

Latitude and Longitude• On a globe of the world, a circle is drawn, midway between the north

and south poles, called the equator.

• More circles are drawn, parallel to the equator, called parallels of latitude. The latitude of any place on the globe is its distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees, from 0º at the equator to 90ºN at the north pole and 90ºS at the south pole.

• The latitude of New York is just over 41ºN.

• Lines drawn on the globe from the north to the south pole are called meridians of longitude.

• The distance east or west of any place on the globe, measured from the meridian through Greenwich in England, is called the longitude of that place. Like latitude, longitude is measured in degrees.

• The longitude of New York is 74ºW.

• Practice lat and long exercise

Who, What, Where, When, and Why

• Read the Title

• What Is It Telling Me?

• Read the Question

ChartsThree Dictators:

Benito Mussolini Joseph Stalin Adolph HitlerCountry Italy USSR Germany

Political Title Prime Minister General Secretary Chancellor

Date in Power 1922 1929 1933

Political Party Fascist Party Communist Party Nazi

Type of Government Fascist Communist Fascist

Which of the dictators came to power first?a. Mussolini c. Hitlerb. Stalin d. cannot tell from table

What type of government was most prevalent in the nations of southeastern Europe?

a. authoritarian b. democraticc. Fascist d. republican

Political Parties

• Republicans

• Democrats

Both Parties

Functions:

Political Leadership

Government

Policy Formation

Symbol of the Democratic Party

Donkey

Symbol of the Republican Party

Elephant

Famous Presidents Who Were Democrats

Franklin Roosevelt

John F. Kennedy

Bill Clinton

Woodrow Wilson

Jimmy Carter

Famous Presidents Who Were Republicans

Teddy Roosevelt

Ronald Reagan

George Bush

Abraham Lincoln

Richard Nixon

Economic Ideas

DemocratsPro poor, favor minimum wages and increase taxes on wealthy

RepublicansNeutral, believe taxes shouldn't be increased for anyone and wages should reflect free market.

Social and Human Ideas

DemocratsCommunity and social responsibility based

RepublicansIndividual rights and justice based

Traditionally Strong in These States

DemocratsCalifornia Massachusetts

RepublicansMississippiTexas

Stand On Gay Marriage

DemocratsUsually in favor of

RepublicansUsually against

Stand On Death Penalty

DemocratsUsually against

RepublicansUsually for

Stand On Abortion

DemocratsUsually for

RepublicansUsually against

Political Cartoons• Describe the mood of the cartoon.

• What techniques or devices does the artist use? Caricature? Symbolism? Ridicule?

• What issue or event does the cartoon deal with?

• Describe the action that is taking place.

• What is the purpose of the cartoon? What is its message? Is it effective?

• Who is the intended audience?

• Whose viewpoint does it represent?

• What groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon's message? Why?

Political Cartoons

Political Cartoons

• Bring 3 examples of political cartoons to class tomorrow.

• Be prepared to explain what the cartoons are trying to say. (next slide)

Political Cartoons• Describe the mood of the cartoon.

• What techniques or devices does the artist use? Caricature? Symbolism? Ridicule?

• What issue or event does the cartoon deal with?

• Describe the action that is taking place.

• What is the purpose of the cartoon? What is its message? Is it effective?

• Who is the intended audience?

• Whose viewpoint does it represent?

• What groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon's message? Why?

Graphs

Timelines

Why during the period of time between 1950 and 1990 were the Soviets present in so many differ countries?a. They were trying to spread communism. c. They were spreading Democracy.b. They had to save face in the global community.

Branches of Government

• Executive Branch: Headed by the president. The president carries out federal laws and recommends new ones, directs national defense and foreign policy, and performs ceremonial duties. Powers include directing government, commanding the Armed Forces, dealing with international powers, acting as chief law enforcement officer, and vetoing laws.

Branches of Government

• Legislative Branch: Headed by Congress, which includes the House of Representatives and the Senate. The main task of these two bodies is to make the laws. Its powers include passing laws, originating spending bills (House), impeaching officials (Senate), and approving treaties (Senate).

Branches of Government

• Judicial Branch: Headed by the Supreme Court. Its powers include interpreting the Constitution, reviewing laws, and deciding cases involving states' rights.

Short Passages

I’m alone at last, over the first short stretch of sea on the route to France. The surface is calm. There’s hardly a sign of movement beneath the oilsmooth sheen of its skin. It’s only 35 miles to the Connecticut shore, but I’ve never flown across that much water before. The Sound comes as an advance messenger, welcoming and at the same time warning me of the empire that lies ahead—of the trackless wastes, the great solitude, the desertlike beauty of the ocean.

Charles Lindbergh, The Spirit of St. Louis

Which of the following statements best describes this passage?a. Lindbergh recognizes the beauty and the perils of his flight.b. Lindbergh is excited about meeting the challenges that lie ahead.c. Lindbergh welcomes the solitude of his flight over the ocean.d. Lindbergh is afraid to be so far away from home.

Short Passages

It’s a compact place to live, designed to fit around me so snugly that no ounce of weight or resistance is wasted. I can press both sides of the fuselage with partly outstretched elbows. The instrument board is an easy reach forward for my hand, and a thin rib on the roof is hollowed slightly to leave clearance for my helmet. There’s room enough, no more, no less; my cockpit has been tailored to me like a suit of clothes.

Charles Lindbergh, The Spirit of St. Louis

In this passage, to what does Lindbergh compare the airplane cockpit?a. a suit of clothes c. a helmetb. a compact automobile d. a compact place to live