us – china symposium on industry participation in standardization 30 may 2007
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US – China Symposium on Industry Participation in Standardization 30 May 2007
Dr. Christine Sloane
Experience with Development of Standards
Fuel Cell Vehicles
Experience with Development of Standards
Fuel Cell Vehicles
Development of Standards is ahead of the product being ready for the marketplace• minor vested commercial interests• easier to seek efficient requirements & measures
Development of Standards is ahead of the product being ready for the marketplace• minor vested commercial interests• easier to seek efficient requirements & measures
Global companies are developing the technology • interest in global products, not national protections• interest in technology-neutral standards to allow rapid
use of changes/advances in technology
Global companies are developing the technology • interest in global products, not national protections• interest in technology-neutral standards to allow rapid
use of changes/advances in technology
Nations with major technology investments recognize benefit of global markets
• opportunity to change from history of different national
requirements to efficient global standards • linked to compelling global drivers
Nations with major technology investments recognize benefit of global markets
• opportunity to change from history of different national
requirements to efficient global standards • linked to compelling global drivers
What is Different?What is Different?
Interim Specs Industry Standards
Concept CarsIs it real?
Demo CarsCan we do it?
Pre-CommercialIs it viable?
ProductionProduction
10s10s 100s100s 1000s1000s CriticalCriticalmassmassGuidelines & Best Practices
Potential Rollout of Fuel Cell VehiclePotential Rollout of Fuel Cell Vehicle Standards & RulemakingStandards & Rulemaking
technology advances & evaluation
validation & experience
Regulationscommercialfeasibility
# vehiclesworldwide
EU nationsEU nationsUN ECEUN ECE
UN GTRUN GTR
US-NHTSAUS-NHTSA
ISOISOSAESAE
Rule Making
The lead forum for development of global vehicle standards for Fuel Cell Vehicles
is SAE International
The lead forum for development of global vehicle standards for Fuel Cell Vehicles
is SAE International
• Participation based on level of expertise & experience (not nationality)
• Strong participation by component suppliers and vehicle manufacturers with fuel cell vehicles in global demonstration fleets
• Strong participation by Japan, US & EU• Global experts convene on frequent & adjustable work
schedules• Work groups accommodate teleconferencing• Harmonization with ISO is accomplished by people with
joint membership who ensure consideration of common information for a data-driven basis for requirements
• Open to participation by experts from China
SAE-- vehicles Fuel Cell Standards Committee• FCV Safety Work Group• FCV Performance Work Group• FCV Interface (fueling) Work Group
Activity in Codes & Standards DevelopmentFor Fuel Cell Vehicles
Activity in Codes & Standards DevelopmentFor Fuel Cell Vehicles
ISO – vehicles & facilities TC 197 Hydrogen Technologies TC 22/ SC 21 Electric Vehicles
ISO TAGs (National voting Tech Advisory Groups)
United Nations-ECE WP 29 GRSP Work Group
NFPA (fueling stations & repair)ICC (fueling stations & repair)
CSA (dispensers)
Facilities(fueling stations, repair & service
FCV Technical Committees in SAEFCV Technical Committees in SAE
Fuel Cell Vehicle Standards Committee
SAE document
Safety WG Vehicle safety J2578
Fuel system safety J2579
Electrical safety J1766
S/V Interface WG 35MPa Receptacle & Nozzle J2600
70MPa Receptacle & Nozzle J2799
Fueling Protocol J2601
Hydrogen fuel quality J2719
Performance WG Fuel cell system J2615
Fuel processor J2616
Fuel cell stack J2617
Fuel cell stack durability J2722
Emission & fuel consumption J2572
Recyclability J2594
Published
Drafti
ng
FCV Technical Committees in ISOFCV Technical Committees in ISO
Electric Road Vehicles
TC22/SC21
Hydrogen Technologies
TC197
Vehicle safety
FCHEV consumption CGH
FCV consumption CGH
Liquid-H2 fueling interface
Hydrogen fuel spec
H2 system safety guidelines
Liquid-H2 storage
Compressed-H2 fueling interface
Compressed-H2 storage
ISO 23272-1,2,3
WI 23828-1
WI 23829-1
ISO 13984
ISO/TS 14687
ISO/TR 15916
DIS 13985
ISO 17268
DIS 15869
(H2 & electrical)
Published
Drafti
ng
SAE J2600 Fueling Connectors700 bar & liq
SAE 1766Electrical System
Crash Integrity
SAE 2579Hydrogen Fuel Handling &
Storage Systems
SAE J2600Compressed Hydrogen
Fueling Connectors
SAE J2578Vehicle Safety
SAE J2615Performance Test for
Fuel Cell Systems
SAE J2616Performance Test for
Fuel Processor Systems
SAE J2617Performance Test forPEM Fuel Cell Stacks
SAE J2601Compressed HydrogenFueling Communication
SAE J2572Exhaust Emissions
Recommended practice
SAE J2594Fuel Cell Recyclability
EPAEmissions
DOT/NHTSACrashworthiness
Of HFCV
DOT/NHTSAFC Vehicle
RegulationsNFPA52
Fuel Systems inFuel Stations
Status of Codes and Standards Status of Codes and Standards for Hydrogen-fueled Vehiclesfor Hydrogen-fueled Vehicles
SAE J2578700bar & liq
ISO 17268
ISO 15916 &
23273-1&2
ISO 23273-3
ISO 13894 LH storage 15869 CGH storage
Corresponding ISO Standards
Corresponding ISO Standards
No activity
In progress
Published
Strengths of a Global Forum Strengths of a Global Forum of Technical Experts for of Technical Experts for
Development of Efficient Standards Development of Efficient Standards
• Expertise -- participation by developers of the technology (who know it best & are accountable for performance)
• Focus on Customer Satisfaction -- public confidence in performance & safety
• Focus on flexibility for continual innovation & minimum cost
Critical Elements of Efficient Standards?Critical Elements of Efficient Standards?
Public safety
Commercial feasibility
Two Types of Safety StandardsTwo Types of Safety Standards
• Performance Standards
• Prescriptive Standards
• New technologies can qualify without change in standards -- allows rapid use of new technologies
• Applied to mass production – mobile products
• Applied to individual or low volume builds
cars
fueling stations
• Performance & safety are verified by (destructive) testing under extremes of real-world conditions
• Performance & Safety are predicted based on history (established materials & constructions)
• Applied to interfaces between applications
Two Types of Safety StandardsTwo Types of Safety Standards
• Performance Standard
• Prescriptive Standard
• Fuel is not leaked after vehicle crashes• sealings, materials & construction• of fuel system are not specified
• Fueling nozzle diameter & sealing are specified
Examples
What do we want from Codes & Standards?What do we want from Codes & Standards?
Public safety
Commercial feasibility
-- to be ready in the 2010 – 2015 timeframe-- to be ready in the 2010 – 2015 timeframe
Commercial feasibility
• Infrastructure compatibility
• International consistency
• Rapid intro of technology
What do we want from Codes & Standards?What do we want from Codes & Standards?
-- to be ready in the 2010 – 2015 timeframe-- to be ready in the 2010 – 2015 timeframe
Commercial feasibility -- rapid introduction of new technology
• Performance standards allow use of new technologies (materials, constructions, designs) without rewriting early standards
• New technologies required to demonstrate safe performance
Risk: premature & prescriptive standards slow advancesSolution: performance standards
What do we want from Codes & Standards?What do we want from Codes & Standards?
-- to be ready in the 2010 – 2015 timeframe-- to be ready in the 2010 – 2015 timeframe
Example: Compressed Hydrogen StorageExample: Compressed Hydrogen Storage
A key challenge for fuel cell vehicles is the development of more efficient and
lower cost hydrogen storage
A key challenge for fuel cell vehicles is the development of more efficient and
lower cost hydrogen storage
• Commercialization will be delayed for years if insertion of new storage technologies into vehicles must wait for revision of Standards and regulations
Therefore, commercial feasibility requires rapid implementation of new storage technologiesTherefore, commercial feasibility requires rapid implementation of new storage technologies
• Therefore, it is critically important that storage standards are performance-based so new technologies can qualify rapidly for use in vehicles
Environmental exposure
Parking Fueling
Cumulative extremes of lifetime stresses (full function and no leakage)
Service-terminating stress
Bonfire
Localizedfire
Impact /Penetration
Framework for Comprehensive Framework for Comprehensive Performance-based Safety Requirements for Performance-based Safety Requirements for
Onboard Hydrogen StorageOnboard Hydrogen Storage
(managed release)
• temperature• cuts & abrasions• chemicals
• static pressure• temperature
• full-fill pressure cycles• rapid drive defueling
Storage Standard Currently Under DevelopmentStorage Standard Currently Under Development
Requires demonstration of safe performance under cumulative extremes of potential use
• regardless of materials used• regardless of method of construction• explicit linkage to extremes of potential use & exposure
Significant change from type of storage standard used for CNG vehicles to move to performance basis
Commercial feasibility
• Infrastructure compatibility
• International consistency
• Rapid intro of technology Performance standards for safe function
What do we want from Codes & Standards?What do we want from Codes & Standards?
-- to be ready in the 2010 – 2015 timeframe-- to be ready in the 2010 – 2015 timeframe
United Nations Global Technical RegulationsUnited Nations Global Technical Regulations for Fuel Cell Vehiclesfor Fuel Cell Vehicles
1. Time to be commercial -- meeting separate requirements per country dilutes effort
2. Cost -- economy of scale
Globally consistent regulations are critically important
• Cost is a challenge for fuel cell vehicles• Low volume vehicles face added costs• Volumes can be raised by deployment across globe• This requires regional and global harmonizationof standards
China is a Participant In the Global China is a Participant In the Global Harmonization of Fuel Cell Vehicle StandardsHarmonization of Fuel Cell Vehicle Standards
• China is a signature party to the 1998 Agreement under the UN ECE, which establishes the framework for UN Global Technical Regulations
• Development of regulations for fuel cell vehicles as Global Technical Regulations is the pathway to globally harmonized regulations
• SAE International and ISO are open to participation by experts from China
• Participants in the UN GTR process can assist by:• working for standards based on performance• resisting pressures to individually establish premature
(prescriptive) requirements
Christine Sloane
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