u.s.-china lmr bilateral, june 13, 2011
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U.S.-China LMR Bilateral, June 13, 2011
NOAA Research to Understand the NOAA Research to Understand the Ecological, Biodiversity, and Fisheries Ecological, Biodiversity, and Fisheries
Impacts of Ocean AcidificationImpacts of Ocean Acidification
Dr. Rusty Brainard Dr. Rusty Brainard Pacific Islands Fisheries Science CenterPacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
Dr. Mike Sigler Dr. Mike Sigler Alaska Fisheries Science CenterAlaska Fisheries Science Center
Ocean Acidification
Modified from Doney et al. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 2009
Observed decline in the surface ocean
pH and Aragonite
Saturation State
Coral Reef calcification • 1765 Adequate• 2000 Marginal• 2100 LowCalcification rates in the tropics may decrease by 30% over the next century
Projections of Aragonite Saturation
After Feely et al (2008) with Modeled Saturation Levels from Orr et al (2005)
Major Gap
CENOZOIC MESOZOIC PALEOZOIC PRECAMBRIAN
Age (Ma) From Signor (1990)
Number ofGenera
Biological Impacts of Acidification
65 200 251 360 444
Cretaceous/Tertiary
Triassic/Jurassic
Permian/Triassic
LateDevonian
Ordovician/Silurian
Era
Coral Reef Gap
Corals Calcareous plankton
Doney et al (2009) Doney et al (2009) Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci.Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci.
China
Pacific Islands Region
Pacific Islands Region
Seawater carbonate Seawater carbonate chemistrychemistry
Ecological impacts of Ecological impacts of acidification acidification
Spatial surveys across gradients of Spatial surveys across gradients of oceanographic oceanographic conditions, habitats, and conditions, habitats, and human impacts human impacts
Long-term Monitoring of Coral Reefs (fish, coral, algae)Long-term Monitoring of Coral Reefs (fish, coral, algae)
Organism response experiments – lab and mesocosmOrganism response experiments – lab and mesocosm
Monitor Calcification Rates of Reef-buildersMonitor Calcification Rates of Reef-builders
Monitor shifts in Biodiversity and Community StructureMonitor shifts in Biodiversity and Community Structure
Atlantis Ecosystem ModelingAtlantis Ecosystem Modeling
Time series observations from: repeated Time series observations from: repeated surveys surveys and moored instrumentsand moored instruments
NOAA developed Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures NOAA developed Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) as a systematic tool to assess and monitor changes (ARMS) as a systematic tool to assess and monitor changes in benthic community composition (biodiversity), particularly in benthic community composition (biodiversity), particularly calcifying organisms likely to be influenced by ocean calcifying organisms likely to be influenced by ocean acidification.acidification.
Biodiversity Shifts: ARMSBiodiversity Shifts: ARMS
Organisms recorded from a cubic foot of reef on Moorea, approximate size of a single ARMS. Collected by MBP researchers and David Littschwager; used with permission.
Organisms recorded from a cubic foot of reef on Moorea, approximately the size of a single ARMS. Collected by MBP researchers and David Littschwager; used with permission.
NOAA and partners have initiated deployment of a NOAA and partners have initiated deployment of a global array of ARMS to establish a baseline of spatial global array of ARMS to establish a baseline of spatial patterns cryptic invertebrate diversity of coral reefs. patterns cryptic invertebrate diversity of coral reefs. Long-term monitoring of these sites will be used to Long-term monitoring of these sites will be used to assess shifts in benthic community structure in assess shifts in benthic community structure in response to ocean acidification. response to ocean acidification.
Collaborative ARMS in Chinese coastal waters?
Biodiversity Shifts: ARMSBiodiversity Shifts: ARMS
POTENTIAL EFFECTS
Reduced calcification rates Reduced growth and survival Shifts in nutrient and trace
element speciation Shifts in phytoplankton diversity Changes to biogeochemical
cycles, food webs and ecosystems
Uncertainities great – research required
Ocean Acidification
POTENTIAL DIRECT EFFECTS FOR BIVALVE AND CRUSTACEAN FISHERIES
Research Strategy• Ocean chemistry
monitoring• Experiments on a
range of taxa• Population models
and forecasts
US-China Collaboration US-China Collaboration OpportunitiesOpportunities Monitor carbonate chemistry in Chinese coastal coral Monitor carbonate chemistry in Chinese coastal coral reefs? reefs?
Monitor biodiversity and community structure in Chinese Monitor biodiversity and community structure in Chinese coastal coral reefs using NOAA’s Autonomous Reef coastal coral reefs using NOAA’s Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS)?Monitoring Structures (ARMS)?
Monitor recruitment and calcification in Chinese coastal Monitor recruitment and calcification in Chinese coastal coral reefs using NOAA’s Calcification Acidification Units coral reefs using NOAA’s Calcification Acidification Units (CAUs)?(CAUs)?
Thank Thank You!You!
Any Any Questions? Questions?
Scientist exchanges for above ocean acidification research? Scientist exchanges for above ocean acidification research?
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