urinary incontinence (ui) management in family practice references: can fam physician...
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Urinary Incontinence (UI)
Management in Family Practice
References:Can Fam Physician 2003;49:611-618.Can Fam Physician 2003;49:602-610.SOGC Clinical Practice Guidelines. No. 127, April 2003.
To do:
Info Types of Incontinence What to do in office Treatment When to refer
Info
1.5 million Canadians 12% of women, 2% of men >55 Affects Quality of Life Majority can be managed by Family
Physician
Types of Incontinence
Stress Urge Mixed Overflow
Stress Incontinence
Most common Loss of urine on physical exertion or
increases in intra-abdominal pressure. Usually no nocturia (helps distinguish
from urge incontinence)
Urge Incontinence (overactive bladder)
Loss of urine with strong desire to void. Frequency and nocturia are common
Pure urge incontinence is least common (3% adult women)
Mixed UI (urge + stress)
Loss of urine with both urge and increases in abdominal stress.
Overflow
Associated with bladder distention or retention; poorly contractile detrusor or outlet obstruction
Chronic retention is usually painless Can be confused with stress
incontinence because leakage can occur with increase abdominal pressure
What to do in Office? Ask about it on annual precipitating factors,
amount, frequency, protective measures (pads, clothing changes), Quality of Life
Fluid Intake, caffeine, HS fluids?, previous surgeries, smoke, ? Sx of UTI, constipation
Meds: Ace (cough), diuretics, alpha-blockers
Causing retention: hypnotics, antipsychotics, narcotics, anticholinergics
Voiding diary
Basic Physical Exam/Labs Neurological exam Urinary Stress Test Speculum and
Bimanual Pelvic Urine Dip/R&M
Treatment
1. Lifestyle: fluid/caffeine, UTI, constipation, void regularly, lose weight, stop smoking
2. Pelvic Floor Strengthening: benefit urge, stress, and mixed UI. Success in 50-90% of patients
3. Bladder Training (Urge Suppression or scheduled voiding)
Kegel (Pelvic Floor Muscle) Exercises Squeeze (as if
stopping urination) Hold for 5s, relax for
10s. Repeat x10 TID. 15 contractions TID 20 contractions QID
+ 20 whenever
Specific Treatment for Stress Incontinence
Pessary: for Stress Incontinence +/- Prolapse
Specific Treatment for Mixed/Urge Muscarinic Receptor AntagonistsOXYBUTYNIN: Ditropan® XL 5 mgTransdermal: Adults: Apply one 3.9 mg/day patch twice weekly
(every 3-4 days) TOLTERODINE: Detrol® 2 mg BID or 4 mg Daily of Long
Acting (LA)
When to Refer No or partial response to conservative
measures Previous prolapse surgery Previous continence surgery that has failed Severe pelvic organ prolapse Voiding dysfunction with high postvoid
residual urine (with or without complications: recurrent UTI, hydronephrosis)
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