urban model.pptx
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Urban Land-Use Theories
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Location Evolution
Population distribution
Dynamic forces in city
development
Centrifugal
centripetal
Patterns
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Urban Land-UseTheories
Concentric ZoneTheory
Burgess !"#$%
Cities gro& out&ards 'rom the
centre in a series o' rings(
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CONCENTRIC ZONE MODEL
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Concentric Zone Theory Timeframe
!"#)*s
Class conscioussociety
Housing segregatedaccording to income
Lac+ o' transportin'rastructure
Assumptions
,lder buildings in city centre
Ne&er buildings at edge o'city
Land alues highest in citycentre
Strong economic and ethnicsegregation
Lo& income groups lac+
transport and lie close tocity centre(
Cities deelop on a .at plain&ith e/ual access to transport
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Five Concentric Zones
Central BusinessDistrict
Transition and
ndustry lo& incomes
oldest housing
ghettos
Lo! ncome"esidential
#iddle ncome"esidential
suburban estates-good /uality0 gardens
$i%h ncome"esidential &Commuter
Small to&ns andillages
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'roblems !ith Bur%ess #odel,ld
Landscape not considered
1mpact that industry and transportcould hae on land use notconsidered(
Zones are neer as clear-cut
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$oyt(s )ector #odel
!"2"
Sectors radiating out 'rom theCB3 along transport routes(
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)ector TheoryTimeframe
Late !"2)*s
1ncome and
status diidedsociety
Housing areas
re.ect socialsegregation
Assumptions
Settlement deelopsalong transport routes
To&ns radiate out'rom the CB3
Lo&-income andindustrial areas liene4t to each other
5ealthy peoplechoose the best sites
C iti i f $ t(
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Criticisms of $oyt(sTheory
,ld
Too general
1n reality0 most 6ones contain
more than one land-use
3oesn7t consider the impact o'
urban rene&al schemes
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Burgess 8* Hoyt
Hoyt*s theory is based
on statistical data0 so isless open to thecriticism that Burgessreceied(
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$arris and Ullman(s #ultiple
*uclei Theory!"9$
:s an urban area gro&s0 itdeelops around a numbero' di;erent business
centres or nuclei(
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#ultiple *uclei TheoryMi4ture o' Burgess and Hoyt
Sho&s some land-uses attract more o' the
same0 'or e4ample industrial areas
Some land-uses may deter others 'rom locating
nearby0 eg< housing is usually located a&ay
'rom industrial areas
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MULTIPLE NUCLEI MODEL
3
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#ultiple *uclei Theory
:ssumptionsro&th occurs out&ards 'rom each nucleus(
Location o' each nuclei re.ects its economicneeds0 ie heay industries locate close to theport(
These di;erent centers attract gro&th andencourage 'urther deelopment(
Until they all merge into one large urban area(
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Criticisms of #ultiple *uclei Theory
Not an e4act ?t 'or all
cities and to&ns
Too comple4
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Are these models relevant to
today(s cities++Hae some releance
No& due to urban rene&al schemes and
changes in society0 high income residential
areas o'ten e4ist close to the CB3
Modern cities are e4panding beyond these
models- Urban Spra&l
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