uniwersytet jagielloński

Uniwersytet Jagielloński Instytut FizykiJacek BierońZakład Optyki

Atomowej

FAMO, Jurata, 26-28 IX 2006

MCDHF approachto CPT symmetries

in heavy atoms

Uniwersytet JagiellońskiJacek Bieroń

MCDHF approach to CPT symmetries in heavy atoms

Time reversal possibility is a fascinating story, not only for Faust. All, or better almost all laws of Physics are symmetric: the time arrow can be inverted.

Physicist strongly believe in time-charge-parity (CPT) symmetry: inverting the electrical charge, the parity (the left-right hand orientation and the time, the whole Universe would be the same. (See this on last slide).

From experiments on beta decay in mid 50’ies we know that the charge parity is not valid itself, from kaon decay we know that CP parity does not hold either. What about time symmetry?

Here prof.. J. Bieron from Jagallonian Univeristy describes experiments in Atomic Physics running at Gronningen University: if an atom with the dielectrically moment existed, its presence would violate time reversal. We thank for the kind concession. (comment by Grzegorz Karwasz).

Parity

Parity

CP and Time-reversal symmetry

• CP invariance was violated in neutral kaon system.

• T operation - connects a process with that obtained by running backwards in time: reverses the directions of motion of all components of the system.

• T symmetry: "initial state final state" can be converted to "final state initial state" by reversing the directions of motion of all particles.

CPT theorem• Define product symmetries, like CP (parity and charge

conjugation) a system of antiparticles in the reverse-handed coordinate system symmetry.

• Combined CPT symmetry is absolutely exact: for any process,• its mirror image with antiparticles and time reversed• should look exactly as the original CPT theorem.

• If any one individual (or pair) of the symmetries is broken, there must be a compensating asymmetry in the remaining operation(s) to ensure exact symmetry under CPT operation.

• The CPT symmetry was checked through the possible difference in masses, lifetimes, electric charges and magnetic moments of particle and antiparticles and was found to be exact down 10-19 (relative difference in masses).

C-symmetry violation• C invariance was violated in weak interactions because parity

was violated, if CP symmetry was assumed to be preserved.

• Under C operation left-handed neutrinos should transform into left-handed antineutrino, which was not found in nature. However, the combined CP operation transforms left-handed neutrino into right-handed antineutrino, which does exist.

Time reversal violation and the Electric Dipole Moment

J

•QM: J//d•any particle will do

• dn 0.6 10-27 em• de < 1.6 10-29 em• de (SM) < 10-39 em

•find suitable object• Schiff

• need amplifier • atomic (Z3)• nuclear

• suitable structure

Consider all nuclidestime time

d

EDM violates parity and time reversal

Why is EDM a TRV observable

Time reversal violation and EDM

TRV is possible in the SM__CP or T violation in K0 K0

d u,c,t s

_ _ _ _ _s u,c,t d

K0__K0W W

Vdx

immeasurably small otherwiseextensions SM have much larger EDMEDM tool for theory selection

slides with white background courtesy of Klaus Jungmann & Hans Wilschut (KVI)

Principle of EDM measurement

B

E

B

E

- =

statepreparation

detection

prec

essi

on

EDM Now and in the Future

1.610-27

•

Start TRIP

•199Hg

Radium potential

de (SM) < 10-37

NUPECC list

),,,( 21 Nrrr

Independent Particle Model

)( 2

r )( Nr

)( 1

r

Central Field Approximation

),()()( YrRr

)()()( 21 Nrrr

spherical function

radial function

Hartree-Fock equations

)()()( 21 Nrrr

)}(2

{ 22

iiii rVm

h ij

ij

i re

rZe 22

iiiih

iiiih 2222 h

1111 h

Hyperfine structure

)()()( elBnuclatomE

2

2 )()(

zelV

nuclQE

magnetic dipole

electric quadrupole

Relativistic correction

Non-Rel. Rel. Non-Rel. Rel.

f - expansiond - expansion...s - contraction

1s

2s

3s

7s4d4f

Corrections: radium vs lithium22 7...1 ssRa ss 21 2

Li

CPT invariance by M. C. EscherCPT invariance by M. C. Escher

mirror image time time

matter anti-matterstartidentical to start

anti-particle particle e+ e-

P C T

From H.W. Wilschut

What ?Transition rates and energies

„Benchmark” for chemistry

Astrophysics, plasma physics, spectroscopy

Hyperfine struktures, isotope shifts

Nuclear structure, NMR

P- (spatial inwersion) & T- (time reversal) violation

QED tests, time/frequency standards

Thank you for your attention

Schiff moments, PNC amplitudes

… and why?

Co-Producers (in alphabetical order)

Jacek Bieroń Uniwersytet Jagielloński (300-400)Charlotte Froese Fischer Vanderbilt University (38)

Stephan Fritzsche Universität KasselIan Grant University of Oxford (9)

Paul Indelicato l’Université Paris VI (41)Per Jönsson Malmö Högskola

Pekka Pyykkö Helsingin Yliopisto (72)Michel Godefroid Université Libre Bruxelles (100-150)

T-foils = thanks to Klaus Jungmann & Hans Wilschut (KVI)