university of wisconsin stevens poi nt

UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN

STEVENS POI NT

STEVENS POINT WISCONSIN

THE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

Reports on the Fauna and Flora

of Wisconsin

No 13 VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE APOSTLE ISLANDS

PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST

OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF

THE APOSTLE ISLANDS NATIONAL LAKESHORE

BY

RUDYGKOCH University of Wisconsin - Superior

Principal Editors for this Number Robert Freckmann and Charles A Long

April 30 1978

THE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Stevens Point Wisconsin

Reports on the Fauna and Flora of Wisconsin No 13

PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE APOSTLE ISLANDS NATIONAL LAKESHORE

RudyG Koch

The Apostle Islands along Wisconsins south shore of Lake Superior were recently included in the United States National Park system as the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore AINL (Figure 1) Comprised of the 22 islands and several miles of shoreline in Bayfield and Ashland Counties Wisconsin this park contains a rich but largely unstudied flora Today an increasing number of visitors are coming to the area to enjoy the beautiful scenery and natural settings which are so abundant With them comes also the need to better understand the islands and their vegetation both to explain and educate the visitors in the nature of this environment and to provide insights essential in the appropriate management of the park for future generations With these two goals in mind the following preliminary checklist of Apostle Islands flora is submitted

History - Man has been a long time resident and a particularly large settlement of Chippewa were known to be on Madeline Island before 1600 The French explorers saw the islands in the early seventeenth century and misshysionary activity and fur trading were well established toward the end of that century By the early nineteenth century a thriving community at La Pointe Madeline Island existed By the end of that century rail service was extended from Ashland to Washburn and Bayfield Excellent building stones were quarried from the islands (especially Basswood Island) Fishing lumbering and an early tourist trade bolstered the developing economy but such promising beginmiddot nings did not persist Iron and masonary replaced stone for building material the lumber was soon gone and tourists found other locations Today the islands situated in beautiful vast Lake Superior are covered with luxuriant second growth forest

No one is quite certain of the origin of the name Apostle Islands though a favored story suggests that the desigshynation was given by a Jesuit missionary when his first View of the islands from a bluff included only 12 If so none of the 22 islands bears an apostles name

Geology - The AINL is located in the southwest portion of the Canadian Shield These lavas occurring south of the islands in Wisconsins four northernmost counties and along the north shore are some one billion years old Reaching depths of 21000 feet in thickness (along the north shore) these rocks are thought to be buried some 10000 feet below the surface in the area of the Apostle Islands Over this is Lake Superior sandstones (perhaps 500 million years old) which may outcrop along the shores of Bayfield County and on the islands forming wave eroded cliffs

The characteristic red color comes from oxidation of small amounts of iron present The courser and older Oronto series is below the Bayfield group and outcrops south of Ashland The present surface has been shaped by the ice fields which covered so much of North America but the Bayfield Peninsula must have stood quite high diverting much glacial ice around it Farrand (1969) suggests that 11000 years ago the ice front ran parallel to a line from Silver Bay Minnesota to Ashland Wisconsin forming a basin collecting the melting ice water This initial lake Glacial Lake Duluth had an elevation of 1085 feet above sea level and was drained to the south by the Bois Brule - St Croix River system In time ice retreated to permit drainage to the east and the lake dropped initially to 600 feet and subseshyquently to 450 feet as the St Mary Straits were opened This stage (Glacial Lake Minong) occupied essentially the same area as Lake Superior Rebounding about 02 inches per year since then (Fairbridge 1960) the general lake basin has raised to its current level

Climate - Phillips and McCulloch (1972) provide a summary of climatic data for the area The following are for Madeline Island and are representative Maximum daily mean temperatures vary from 78 degrees Fahrenheit (July) to 24 degrees Fahrenheit (January) and minimums vary from 54 degrees Fahrenheit to 7 degrees Fahrenheit respectively There are about 120 frost free days Snowfall averages some 80 inches annually

Vegetation - The vegetation of the AINL is similar to that of the northern forests described for the adjacent mainland A thorough discussion of these is given by Curtis (1959) A variety of habitat types are present on the islands and include a wide variety of forest stands for deciduous to conifer as well as open areas abandoned orchards meadows weedy shorelines sandy beaches stream beds abandoned quarries bogs and marshes Perhaps the most unique habitat is provided by the numerous sand spits which are found in this part of Lake Superior These sand bars which cut off the lake to provide a protected wetlands behind them provide a variety of microhabitats which support an interesting array of plant species

The Checklist - Considerable interest has existed in the vegetation of the Apostle Islands but speciman vouchers and checklists have not been abundant Allen (1902) records Hepaticae on Madeline Island and Presque Isle Point (Stockton Island) The distribution maps of species in the preliminary reports on Wisconsin flora (Trans Wis Acad of Sci Arts amp Letters 1929middot1973) have included citations from the islands Other checklists have been prepared by Lane and Caskey (1957) Stadnyk Verch and Goetz (1974) and Koch (1974) as well as other workers on the island In addition the plant ecology laboratory at UW-Madison has produced a checklist based on the forest studies undertaken on the islands such as those by Beals and Cottam (1960) However there is no list of vascular plants available for the area of AINL The list presented below is a preliminary listing and is designed to serve as an aid to other botanists professional and amateur working in the area It is hoped that further field and herbarium studies will allow the cor recting and supplementing of this list in the years ahead so that a comprehensive inventory of the floristic resources of the park might be made available to all those interested in the vegetation of the islands

No attempt is made here to describe habitats for the species or to discuss the unique nature of specific taxa for the simple reason that our knowledge and collections of the f [ora of this area is so fragmentary Plants are specifically vouchered for less than half of the islands and systematic cOJections have been made on only two islands (Stockton and Basswood) and on a small area of the mainland (Little Sand Bay area) In the following list families are arranged in the familiar Engler-Prantl sequence as used by Gleason and Cronquist (1963) Within families genera and within genera species are arranged alphabetically Nomenclature follows that of Gleason and Cronquist (I963) Behind each entry is noted its source Records from the mainland are indicated with an M and entries based upon lists rather than examined vouchers are marked by one of the follOwing numbers

L Appendix D Stadnyk Verch and Goetz 1974 No specific islands are designated in this list

2 Appendix C Stadnyk Verch and Goetz 1974 All such entries are for Stockton Island

3 Tans 1971 Allsuchentriesare for Outer Island

Unless otherwise specified~ entries are based on specimens available in the University ofWisconsinSuperioI tlerbarium

A total of 514 tDa representing 82 families are listed Numerous taxa expected from the islands have not been found The author makes a plea to all botanists who work or visit the islands for assistance in updatingcorrecting and supplementing this list so that in the end a reasonably good understanding of the vegetation of this area will be known To facilitate such work unknown plants will be gladly received for identification and the herbarium at UWmiddotSuperior will make available space for voucher specimens

Acknowledgements - A special note of appreciation is extended to Dr J H Zimmell1Jan for determining the Carex species to Ms Sue Stackler who provided me with many records from Bayfield County to Ms Paula Romani who laboriously searched checklists for new entries to my wife Lorraine who is a constant help in field and herbshyarium to Dr R Brander for providing many specimens to Mr Warren Bielenberg AINL for assistance and for the support from a fatulty research grant from UW-Superior for some travel expenses

2

17 19

middot 0

cf~ 0

0 s~~

)eo

0 - -~

Peninsula ~ c3J d

d (J tY 0gt bull +~ _~ 8U0 0 20

21 ~

Wisconsin ~

0 4

~ Lake Superior ~

5 Mil s

FIGURE 1 Map of Apostle Islands National Lakeshore Names areas elevation and lengths of shoreline

Elevation (Feet Above Miles of

Acres Water Level) Shoreline

1 Stockton 10054 180 21 2 Outer 8000 240 16 3 Oak 5078 481 12 4 Sand 2949 60 10 5 Basswood 1917 180 8 6 Bear 1824 235 7 7 Michigan 1578 95 8 8 Manitou 1363 120 6 9 Cat 1352 80 8

10 Otter 1333 140 6 11 Rocky 1100 80 8 12 Hermit 743 178 4 13 Ironwood 659 60 4 14 Long Island 15 South Twin 360 40 3 16 York 321 40 4 17 Devils Island 318 60 3 18Raspberry 295 80 3 1 9 North Twin 175 40 3 20 Eagle 24 1 21 Gull 3 95 22 Madeline Island M Mainland 2565 11 13 i

TOTALS 42011 266

Not included in park

CHECKLIST

Lycopodiaceae

Lycopodium annotinum L (M Manitou Michigan Outer Raspberry Stockton York) L clavatum L (M Hermit Michigan Outer Stockton York) L complanatum L (M Outer Raspberry Stockton York) L inundatum L (M) L lucidulum Michx (Cat Manitou Outer Raspberry Stockton York) L obscurum L (M Hermit Michigan Outer Raspberry Stockton York)

Equisetaceae

Equisetum arvense L (Outer Raspberry York 2 3) E fluviatile L (M) E hyemale L (Outer 13) E laevigatum A Br (1 as E kansanum) E palustre L (Stockton 1 2) E scirpoides Michx (1 2) E sylvaticum L (M)

Ophioglossaceae

Botrychium simplex E Hitche (Stockton 2) B virginianum (L) Sw (M Basswood Outer Stockton)

Osmundaceae

Osmunda cinnamonea L (Stockton) O claytoniana L (M Basswood Stockton York)

Polypodiaceae

Athyrium filix-femina (L) Roth (M Basswood Manitou Rocky Stockton) Cystopteris fragilis (L) Bernh (Stockton 2) Dryopteris austriaca (Jacq) Woynar (M Basswood Cat Manitou Michigan Outer Rocky South Twin

Stockton) D cristata (L) Gray (Basswood Manitou Outer) Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L) Newm (M Cat Hermit Michigan Outer Rocky South Twin Stockton

York) Matteuccia struthiopteris (L) Todaro (M Basswood Cat Outer Stockton) Onoclea sensibilis L (M Outer Stockton York) Polypodium vulgare L var virginianum (L) Eat (M Hermit Michigan Stockton) Pteridium aquilinum (L) Kuhn (M Basswood Cat Hermit Michigan Outer Stockton) Thelypteris phegopteris (L) Slosson (M Basswood Cat Hermit Manitou Michigan Outer Rocky

Stockton York)

Taxaceae

Taxus canadensis Marsh (M Cat HermitManitou Michigan Outer Raspberry Stockton York)

5

Pinaceae

Abies balsamea (L) Mill (M Basswood Cat Outer Rocky Stockton York) Larix larioina (Du Roi) K Koch (Outer Stockton) Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (M Basswood Outer Stockton) P mariana (Mill) BSP (Stockton) Pinus banksiana Lamb (Otter Outer Stockton) P resinosa Ait(Basswood Hermit Michigan Outer Stockton) P strobus L (Basswood Michigan Otter Outer Raspberry Stockton York) Tsuga canadensis (L) Carr (M Basswood Outer Stockton)

Cupressaceae

Juniperus communis L var depressa Pursh (Outer Stockton) Thuja occidentalis L (M BasswoodCat Manitou Michigan Outer Raspberry Stockton York)

Typhaceae

Typha latifolia L (M Stockton York)

Sparganiaceae

Sparganium chlorocarpum Pydb (Stockton 2) S eurycarpum Engelm (Stockton 2)

Najadaceae

Potamogeton amplifolius Tuckerm (Stockton) P epihydrus R1f (Stockton 2) P gramineus L (Stockton 2) P illinoensis Morong (Stockton 2) P natans L (Outer 3) P pusillus L (Stockton 2) P richardsonii (Benn) Rydb (Stockton 2) P robbinsii Oakes (Stockton 2)

Juncaginacae

Scheuchzeria palustris L (Stockton 2)

Alismataceae

Alisma subcordatum Raf (Outer) Sagittaria latifolia Willd (M Stockton)

Gramineae

Agropyron repens (L) Beauv (M South Twin Stockton) A smithii Rydb (Stockton 2) Agrostis hyemalis (Walt) BSP (M Outer South Twin Stockton)

6

A perennans (Walt) Tuckerm (M) A stolonifera L (M Stockton Outer) Ammophila breviligulata Fern (Raspberry Stockton Outer York) Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb) Beauv (M) Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx) Beauv (M Outer Stockton) Danthonia spicata (L) Beauv (M Outer Stockton) Deschampsia flexuosa (L) Trin (M Outer) Echinochloa microstachya (Wieg) Rydb (M) Elymus canadensis L (M Outer Raspberry Stockton York) Festuca ovina L (M Outer) Glyceria canadensis (Michx) Trin (Raspberry Stockton 2) G grandis S Wats (M Stockton) G striata (Lam) Hitchc (M) Milium effusum L (Stockton 2) Oryzopsis asperifolia Michx (M Basswood Outer Stockton) O pungens (Torr) Hitche (Outer 3) Panicum columbianum Scribn (Outer 3) P lanuginosum Ell (Stockton 2) P subvillosum Ashe (Stockton) Phalaris arundinacea L (M Basswood) Phleum pratense L (M Outer South Twin Rocky Stockton) Phragmites communis Trin (Outer 3 Stockton 2) Poa annua L (M Stockton) P compressa L (M Outer South Twin) P palustris L (1) P wolfii Scribn (1) Setaria glauca (L) Beauv (M)

Cyperaceae

Carex aenea Fern (Stockton) C angustior Mackenz (M) C aquatilis Wahl (Stockton 2) C arctata Boutt (M Basswood Stockton) C aurea Nutt (M) C bebbii Olney (Stockton 2) C brunnescens (PeTS) Poir (M 1 Basswood Stockton) C canescens L (M) C cephalantha (Bailey) Bickn (M) C communis Bailey (M Basswood) C crawfordii Fern (M Stockton) C crinita Lam (M Basswood Hermit Stockton) C cristatella Britt (M) C deweyana Schw (M Basswood Stockton) C diandra Schrank (M) C disperma Dewey (M) C gracillima Schw (M Basswood Stockton 2) C houghtoniana Torr (M Stockton) C intumescens Rudge (M Basswood Cat Hermit Manitou Rocky Stockton) C lacustris Willd (M Raspberry) C lasiocarpa Ehrh (M Outer Raspberry)

7

C leptaea Wahl (M) C leptonervitz Fern (M Basswood) C michauxiana Bock (Stockton) C oligosperma Michx(Stockton) C paupercula Mienx (Stockton2) C peckii Howe (M) C pensylvanica Lam (Stockton) C projecta Mackenzie (Basswood Stockton 2) C pseudo-cyperus (Stockton 2) C rostrata Stokes(M Stockton) C scabrata Schw (M) C scoparia Schk (Outer 3 Stockton 2) C sterilis Willd (Stockton) C stipam Muhl (M Basswood Stockton) C stricta Lam (M Basswood) C trisperma Dewey (Basswood Stockton 2) C viridula Michx (Stockton) C vulpinoidea Michx (Stockton 2) Cladium mariscoides (Muhl) Torr (Outer StocktOl) Cyperus rivularis Kunth (Stockton 2) Dulichium arundinaceum (L) Britt Eleocharis melanocarpa Torr Eovata (Roth) R amp S (1) E palustris (L) R amp S (M Outer 3) Eriophorum angustifolium Honckeny (M Outer 3) E tenellum Nutt (1) E virginicum L (1) E viridkarinatum (Engelm) Fern (Stockton) Rhynchospora alba (L) Vahl (Raspberry Stockton) Scirpus americanus Pers (Outer 3) S atrovirens Wffid (M) S cyperinus (L) Kunth (M Outer 3) S rubrotinctus Fern (Stockton) S torreyi Olney (Outer 3)

Araceae

Acons calamus L (M Stockton) Arisaema triphyllum (L) Schott (M Basswood Outer Stockton) Calla palustris L (M Rocky South Twin Stockton) Symplocarpus foetidus (L) Nutt (1)

Lemnaceae

Lemna minor L (Raspberry Stockton) L trisulca L (Stockton 2)

Eriocaulaceae

Eriocaulon septangulare With (Outer Stockton)

Juncaceae

Juncus alpinw Vill (Stockton 2) 8

J balticus Willd (Stockton 2) J brachycepluJlus (Engelm) Buch (M) 1 brevicaudatus (Engelm) Fern (M Outer 3 Stockton 2) J bufonius L (Outer Stockton) J canadensis J Gay (Outer 3 Stockton 2) 1 effusus L (M Outer Raspberry Stockton) J filifonnis L (Stockton 2) J interior Wieg (Stockton 2) J tenuis Willd (M Stockton)

Liliaceae

Asparagus officinalis L (Basswood Raspberry) Qintonia borealis (Ait) Raf (M Basswood Hermit Manitou Michigan Outer Rocky Raspberry

Stockton York) Lilium tigrinum Ker (M) Maianthemum canadense Desf (M Basswood Hermit Manitou Michigan Outer Rocky Stockton York) Polygonatum pubescens (Willd) Pursh (Basswood Stockton) Smilacina racemosa (L) Desf (M Basswood Hermit Outer Stockton) Streptopus amplexifolius (L) DC (Basswood Michigan Outer South Twin Stockton) S roseusMichx (M Basswood Cat Hermit Manitou Outer Raspberry South Twin) Trillium cemuum L (M Basswood Michigan Raspberry Stockton)

Amaryllidaceae

Narcissus poeticus L (M)

lridaceae

Iris versicolor L (M Basswood Michigan Rocky Stockton) Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill (Basswood) S montanum Greene (M)

Orchidaceae

Arethusa bulbosa L (Stockton 2) Corallorhiza maculata Raf (M Basswood Hermit Outer Rocky Manitou Stockton) C striata Lindl (Stockton) C trifida Chat (M Basswood Stockton) Calopogon pulchellus (Sw) R Br (Stockton 2) Cypripedium acaule Ait (M Basswood Outer Stockton) Goodyera oblongifolia Raf (M Basswood Hermit Michigan Stockton) G pubescens (Willd) R Br (Basswood Cat Michigan Rocky) G repens (L) R Br (Outer Stockton) Habenaria clavellata (Michx) Spreng (Stockton 2) H hyperborea (L) R Br (M Stockton) H lacera (Michx) Lodd (Stockton 2) H obtusata (pursh) Richards (M Outer) H orbiculata (Pursh) Torr (M Basswood Stockton) H psychodes (L) Spreng (Michigan) H viridis (L) R Br (M)

9

Listera convallarioides (Sw) Torr (M Stockton 2) Malaxis unifolia Michx (M Basswood) Pogonia ophioglossoides (L) Ker (M Stockton) Spiranthes gracilis (Bigel) Beck (M Outer 3) S vemalisEngelrn amp Gray (M) S romanzofianaCham (Outer 3)

Salicaceae

Populus balsamifera L (Outer 3 Stockton) P grandidentata Michx (M BasswoodStockton) P tremuloides Michx (M Stockton) Salix bebbiana Sarg (Basswood Outer) S discolor Muhl (Stockton 2) S humilis Marsh (Outer 3 Stockton 2) S interior Rowlee (M Outer Stockton) S lucida Muhl (Outer 3) S pediceZaris Pursh (1) S petioaris Sm (1) S pyrifolia Anderss (1) S serissima (Bailey) Fern (1)

Myricaceae

Myrica gal L (M Outer Stockton)

Betulaceae

Alnus crispa (Ait) Pursh (M Basswood Cat Manitou South Twin Stockton) A rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng (Michigan Outer Stockton York) Betula lutea Mkhx f (M Cat Raspberry Stockton York) B papyrifera Marsh (M Basswood Outer Raspberry Stockton York) Coryus comuta A1arsh (M Cat Hermit South Twin Stockton) Ostrya virginiana (Mill) K Koch (M Outer Raspberry Stockton)

Fayaceae

QueGUs borealis Michx f (M Cat Hermit Raspberry Stockton)

Moraceae

Cannabis sativa L (cult Stockton)

Urticaceae

Laportea canadensis (L) Wedd (Stockton 2) Urtica dioica L (Rocky Stockton)

Santalaceae

Comandra umbellata (L) Nutt var decumbens E J Hill (Outer Stockton)

10

Polygonaceae

Polygonella articulata (L) Meissn (Stockton) Polygonum achoreum Blake (M) P aviculare L (M) P cilinode Michx (M Cat Michigan Rocky South Twin Stockton) P convolvulus L (Stockton 2) P lapathifolium L (1) P persicaria (Stockton) P punctatum Ell (M Stockton) P ramosissimum Michx (M) P sagittatum L (Stockton) Rumex acetosella L (M Basswood Hermit Outer Rocky South Twin Stockton) R crispus L (M Basswood Stockton) R obtusifolius L (M Stockton)

Chenopodiaceae

Chenopodium album L (M)

Portulacaceae

Claytonia caroliniana Michx (Stockton 2)

Caryophyllaceae

Cerastium viscosum L (Michigan South Twin Stockton) C vulgatum L (M Basswood Stockton) Dianthus barbatus L (M Michigan Stockton) Lychnis alba Mill (M Basswood Stockton) Saponaria officinalis L (Outer) Silene cucubalus Wibel (M) Stellaria calycantha (Ledeb) Bongard (Stockton 2) S graminea L (Stockton 2) S longifolia Muh (Basswood Stockton)

Nymphaeaceae

Brasenia schreberi Gmel (Michigan Stockton) Nuphar microphyllum (Pers) Fern (M) N variegatum Engelm (Michigan Outer Stockton) Nymphaea odorata Ait (Stockton)

Rananculaceae

Actaea alba (L) Mill (M Basswood Hermit) A rubra (Ait) Willd (M Basswood Manitou Stockton) Anemone canadensis L (Basswood Manitou Rocky Stockton) A quinquefolia L var interior Fern (M Basswood) Caltha palustris L (M Stockton) Qematis virginiana L (Stockton 2)

11

Coptis trilolia (L) Salisb var groenlandica (Oeder) Fassett (M Hennit Outer South Twin Stockton) Ranunculus abortivus L (M) R acris L (M Basswood Hennit Rocky Raspberry South Twin Stockton) R pensylvanicus L f (Basswood Stockton) R recurvatus Poir (M Outer) R septentrionalis Poir (M Stockton) Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch amp Ave-Lall (M Basswood Stockton York) T dioicum L (Basswood Rocky)

Papaveraceae

Sanguinaria canadensis L (Stockton)

Fumatiaceae

Corydalis sempervirens (L)Pers (1)

Cruciferae

Arabis drummondi Gray (1) A laevigata (Muhl) Poir (Stockton 2) A lyrata L (Michigan Outer) Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb (M) B vulgaris R Br (M Basswood Stockton) Brassica kaber (DC) L C Wheeler (1) Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl (M Basswood) Erysimum cheiranthoides L (M) Lepidium densiflorum Schrad (Michigan) Rorippa islandic1 (Oeder) Borbas var lemaldiana Butt amp Abbe (Outer) Thlaspi arvense L (M)

Sarraceniaceae

Saacenia purpurea L (M Outer Rocky Stockton)

Droseraceae

Drosrra angelica Huds (I) D intermedia Hayne (Outer Stockton)

D linearis Goldie (I) D rotundilolia L (M Stockton)

Saxifragaceae

Mitella nuda L (M) Pamassia palustris L (Outer 3) Ribes americanum Mill (Basswood) R glandulosum Grauer (Basswood Hermit Michigan Rocky South Twin Stockton) R hirtellum Michx (I) R triste Pall (Basswood)

12

Rosaceae

Amelanchier bartramiana (Tausch) Roemer (Stockton 2) A interior Nielson (M Stockton) A laevis Wieg (Basswood Manitou Michigan Outer Stockton) A sanguinea (pursh) DC (M Basswood Hermit) Agrimonia pubescens Wal1r (Basswood) A striata Michx (M Stockton) Aronia prunifolia (Marsh) Rehder (1) Crataegus sp Fragaria virginiana Duchesne (M Basswood Cat Outer Stockton) Geum aleppicum Jacq (Basswood) G canadensis Jacq (Basswood Hermit) G macrophyllum Willd (Stockton) Physocarpus opulifolius (L) Maxim (M Basswood Outer Stockton York) Potentilla anserina L (1) P norvegica L (M Basswood Rocky Stockton) P palustris (L) Scop (M Outer Rocky Stockton) P simplex Michx (Raspberry 1) P tridentata Soland (Outer Stockton) Prunus nigra Ait (1) P pensylvanica L f (M Outer South Twin Stockton) P pumila L (Michigan Outer Stockton) P virginiana L (Raspberry Stockton 2 York) Pyrus malus L (Hermit) Rosa acicularis Lindl (Outer) R blanda (M Basswood Outer South Twin Stockton) R palustris Marsh (1) Rubus spp R parviflorus Nutt (M Basswood Hermit Manitou Michigan Rocky Stockton) R pubescens Raf (M Basswood Hermit) Sorbus americana Marsh (M Raspberry Stockton York) S aucuparia L (Stockton 2) S decora (Sarg) C K Schneider (1) Spiraea alba Du Roi (M Outer Stockton) S latifolia (Ait) Borkh (Stockton)

Leguminosae

Amphicarpa bracteata (L) Fern (1) Lathyrus latifolius L (Basswood Michigan) Lmaritimus (L) Bigel (M Cat Michigan Outer Raspberry Rocky South Twin Stockton York) L ochroleucus Hook (Basswood) Lupinus perennis L (M Michigan) Medicago lupuina L (1) Melilotus alba Desr (M) Trifolium agrarium L (1) T hybridum L (Basswood Hermit South Twin Stockton) T pratense L (M Basswood Hermit South Twin) T procumbens L (M Hermit South Twin Stockton)

13

T repens L (M Basswood Michigan) Vicia americana Muhl (M Hermit Stockton)

V villosa Roth (Basswood)

Geraniaceae

Geranium bicknellii Britt (1)

Oxalidaceae

Oxalisacetosella L (M Stockton) O dillenii Jacq (M) O stricta L (M)

Euphorbiaceae

Euphorbia maculata L (1)

Anacardiaceae

Rhus typhina L (M)

Aquifoliaceae

flex verticilata (L) Gray (Outer 3)

Nemopanthus mucronatus (L) Trel (Outer)

Aceraceae

Acer rubrum L (M Basswood Cat Outer Stockton)

A saccharum Mrsh (M Stockton)

A spicatum Lam (M Basswood Manitou Raspberry South Twin Stockton)

Balsaminaceae

Impatiens biflora Walt (M Basswood Manitou Outer Stockton York) I pallida Nlltt (M Michigan)

Rhamnaceae

Rhamnus alnifolius LHer (1)

Tiliaceae

Tilia americana L (M Hermit Stockton)

Malvaceae

Malva moschata L (1)

Hypericaceae

Hypericum majus (Gray) Britt (Stockton)

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H peroratum L (M Manitou) H punctatum Lam (Basswood) Triadenum fraseri (Spach) gl (Basswood Outer Stockton) T virginicum (L) Raf (Stockton 2)

Cistaceae

Hudsonia tomentosa Nutt (Outer Stockton)

Violaceae

Viola affinis leConte (1) V cucullata Ait (Stockton 2) V eriocarpa Schw (M Basswood) V lanceolata L (1) V nephrophylla Greene (M Basswood) v pallens (Banks) Brainerd (M Basswood Outer Stockton)

Elaeagnaceae

Shepherdia canadensis (L) Nutt (1)

Onagraceae

Circaea alpina L (M Basswood Cat Hermit Manitou Rocky) C canadensis Hill (1) Epilobium angustifolium L (M Basswood Cat Hermit Outer Rocky South Twin Stockton) E ciliatum Raf (M Manitou) E coloratum Biehler (M Basswood Stockton) Oenothera biennis L (M Cat Michigan Outer Rocky Raspberry Stockton York)

Haloragaceae

Myriophyllum verticilatum L (1)

Araliaceae

Aralia hispida Vent (M Stockton) A nudicaulis L (M Basswood Manitou Outer Raspberry Stockton) A racemosa L (M Basswood Hermit Outer Stockton) Panax quinquefolia L (1) P trifolium L (Basswood)

Umbel1iferae

Carum carvi L (M) Cicuta maculata L (M) Heracleum lanatum Michx (M Basswood Hermit Raspberry) Osmorhiza chilensis H amp A (M Basswood Manitou Michigan South Twin Stockton) Sanicula marilandica L (Basswood Stockton)

15

Comaceae

comUs canadensis L (M Basswood Hermit~ Michigan Outer Rocky South TWin Siloektott) C racemosa Lam (Outer 3) C rugosa Lam (Michigan) C stoloRifera Michx (M Basswood Cat Outer Raspberry Stockton York)

Ericaceae

Andromeda glaucophylla Link (Stockton 2) Arctostaphylos uvamiddot-um (L) Spreng (Outer 3 Stockton 2) Chamaedaphnecalyculata (L) Moench (M Outer Stockton) Chimaphila umbellata (L) BarL (Stockton) Epigaea repens L (Outer) Gaultheria hispidula (L)Muhl (Outer 3) G procumbens L (M Basswood Outer Stockton) Gaylussacia baccata (Wang) K Koch (Stockton)

Kalmia angustifolia L (M) K polilolia Wang (Stockton 2) Ledum groenlandicum Oeder (Outer Stockton) Monesesunifora (L) Gray (M Hermit Rocky South Twin Stockton) Monotropa hypopithys L (M Basswood Hermit Manitou Stockton York) M uniflora L (Basswood Cat Hermit Michigan Rocky Stockton) Pyrola asarifolia Michx (1) P elliptica Nutt (M Basswood Hermit Manitou Outer Rocky Stockton York) P minor L (Basswood) P rotundifolia L (South Twin) P secunda (Basswood Michigan) P virens Schweigg (M) Vaccinium angu~tifolium Ait (M Basswood Hermit Outer Stockton) V macrocarpon Ait (M Basswood Outer Stockton) V myrtilloides Mmiddotchx (M Outer) V oxycoccos L (Raspberry Stockton York)

Primulaceae

Lysimachia ciliata L (M Stockton) L teestris (L) BSP (M Stockton) L thyrsiflora L (I) Primula mistassinica Michx (1) Trientalis borealis L (Basswood Hermit Manitou Michigan Outer Raspberry Rocky South Twin

Stockton York)

Oleaceae

Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh (I) F nigra Marsh (M Manitou Stockton)

Gentianaceae

Gentiana rubricaulis Schw (M)

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Halenia deflexa (Sm) Griseb (1) Menyanthes trifoliata L (Outer Raspberry Stockton)

Apocynaceae

Apocynum androsaemifolium L (M Outer Stockton York) A cannabinum L (M Basswood Hermit) Vinca minor L (1)

Asclepiadaceae

Asclepias incamata L (1) A syriaca L (Michigan Stockton)

Polemoniaceae

Phlox pilosa L (1)

Boraginaceae

Mertensia paniculata (Ait) g Don (1) Myosotis sylvatica Hoffm (M)

Verbenaceae

Verbena hastata L (1)

Labiatae

Galeopsis tetrahit L (M Basswood Manitou) Glecoma hederacea L (1) Lycopus americanus Muhl (M Cat Outer) L uniflorus Michx (M Outer)

L virginicus L (M Outer Stockton) Mentha arvensis L (M Outer Stockton) Prunella vulgaris L (M Basswood Cat Hermit Michigan Raspberry Rocky Stockton) Satureja vulgaris (L) Fritsch (Basswood Manitou Rocky)

Scutellaria galericulata L (Basswood Outer Rocky Stockton) S lateriflora L (M Manitou Michigan Outer Stockton)

Stachys hispida Pursh (1) S palustris L (Basswood)

S tenuifolia Willd (Stockton 2)

Solanaceae

Solanum nigrum L (1)

Scrophulariaceae

Gratiola neglecta Torr (1) Melampyrum lineare Desr (M Basswood Hermit Outer Stockton York)

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Mimulus glabratus HBK (M) Mringens L (1) SCrophularla lanceolata Pursh eM Hermit Stockton) S marilandica L (1) Verbascum thapsus L (M Stockton) Veronica agrestis L (Basswood) V americana (Raf) Schw (Basswood)

v serpyllifolia L (M)

Lentibulariaceae

Pinguiculavulgaris L (1) Utricuillriacomuta Michx (Stockton)

Uintermedia Hayne (Outer 3) U resupinata Hi D GreeneCStockton)

U vulgaris L (MI Stockton)

Plan taginaceae

Plantagqlanceolata L (M) P major L (M)

Rubiaceae

Galium aparine LCI) G asprellum Michx (M Raspberry) G boreale L (Basswood Stockton)

G trifidum L(MBasswood Manitou Outer Stockton) G triflorum Michx (M Basswood Cat Hermit Manitou Michigan Rocky Stockton) Houstonialongifolia Gaertn (Stockton 2) Mitchella repens L (M Basswood Outer Stockton)

Caprifoliaceae

Diervilla lonicera Mill (M Basswood Outer Rocky Raspberry South Twin Stockton York) Linnaeaborealis L (M Outer Stockton)

Lonicera r--ldensis Marsh (M Basswood)

L hfsuta Eat (1) L oblongifolia (Goldie) Hook (Outer)

L tartarica L (Outer) L villosa (Michx) R ampS (1) Sambucus canadensis L (1 Raspberry York)

S pubens Michx (M Basswood Outer Rocky South Twin Stockton)

Viburnum opulus L (1)

Campanulaceae

Campanula aparinoides Pursh (M) C rotundifolia L (Cat Outer York)

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Lobeliaceae

Lobelia inflata L (1) L kalmii L (Stockton)

Compositae

Achillea millefolium L eM Basswood Cat Hermit Manitou Michigan Outer Rocky South Twin) Anaphalis margaritacea (L) Benth amp Hook (M Basswood Cat Hermit Manitou Michigan Outer

Raspberry Stockton York)

Antennaria neglecta Greene (Basswood Stockton) A plantaginifolia (L) Richards (M) Arctium minus Schk (1 Raspberry)

Artemisia campestris L (Outer 3) Aster ciliolatus lindl (M Stockton)

A cordifolius L (1) A lateriflorus (L) Britt (M Cat Manitou Outer Stockton)

A macrophyllus L (M Manitou Stockton) A puniceus L (M Stockton)

A simplex Willd (M Outer Raspberry)

A umbellatus Mill (M) Bidens cemua L (Outer)

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L (M Basswood Hermit Raspberry Rocky York) Cirsium arvense (L) Scop (Basswood) C vulgare (Savi) Tenore (M South Twin Stockton) Conyza canadensis (L) Crong (M) Erigeron philadelphicus L (M Basswood Stockton)

E strigosus Muhl (Manitou) Eupatorium maculatum L (M Stockton) Gnaphalium obtusifolium L (1) Hieracium aurantiacum L (M Basswood Cat Hermit Manitou Outer Rocky South Twin Stockton) H canadense Michx (Outer) H florentinum All (Basswood Stockton)

H scabrum Michx (Cat Outer Stockton)

Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fern (Cat Hermit Manitou) L canadensis L (M Basswood Hermit)

Matricaria matricanmiddotoides (Less) Porter (M)

Petasites frigidus (L) Fries (M Raspberry York)

Prenanthes alba L (1) Rudbeckia hirta L (Basswood Outer) Senecio pauperculus Michx (Stockton) S vulgaris L (I) Solidago canadensis L (M Cat Outer York)

S graminifolia (L) Salisb (M Outer Stockton York) S hispida Muhl (Stockton)

S spathulata D C (Stockton 2) Sonchus asper (L) Hill (1) Taraxicum officinale Weber (M Basswood)

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LITERATURE CITED

Allen c E 1902 Some Hepaticaeofthe Apostle Islands Trans Wis Acad Sci Arts and Letters 14(20)485-486

Beals E and G Cottam 1960 The F or~st Vegetation of the Apostlelslands WisconsinEcol 41 743-751

Benton M F ed1972 Chequamegon Bay and Apostle Islands Ashland AshlandDailyfPress

CurtisJ T 1959 The Vegetation of Wisconsin Madison Wis University ofWisconSinmiddot Press

FairbridgeR W 1960 The Changing Level of the Sea Sci Am 202(5)7Q-79

fallrandW R 1969 The Quarternary History of Lake Superior Proceed 12 Ann iConf Great Lakes Research

181-197

Gleason H Aand ACronquist 1963 Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent CanadaiPrinceton NewJerseyD van Nostrand and Co Inc

Koch RmiddotG 1974 Envirorunental Assessment df Little Sand Bay Project Report to NPS

PhillipsD Wand J A W McCulloch 1972 TlwClimateoHhe Great Lakes BasinClimatologicalStudiesNo 20 Atmospheric Environmental Semce Environment Canada

Stadnyk L R LVerch andB AGoetz 1974 Stockton lbland Survey (Plojeet Report to NPS)

Tans WJ~lPreliminaryS-peciesofOuterlslandsSandSpitMS fromDNRMadison

Thwaites F T 1912 Sandstones of the Wisconsin Coast of Lake Superior Wis Geo Nat Hist Survey Bull 25

SciSeneseS

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